1809 in Russia

Incumbents

• Monarch – Alexander I

Events

• Russo-Circassian War
• * November 7 - Raid on Kamennobrodskoye
• Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
• Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
• * April 8 - September 4 - Campaign of Dobruja
• ** April 20 - May 2 - Siege of Brăila
• ** September 4 - Battle of Rassowa
• * October 21 - Battle of Tataritsa
• Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)
• Finnish War
• * March 10–21 - Åland Offensive
• * March 20–22 - Crossing the Gulf of Bothnia
• * March 25 - Capitulation of Kalix
• * May 15 - Battle of Skellefteå
• * July 5 - Battle of Hörnefors
• * August 19 - Battle of Sävar
• * August 20 - Battle of Ratan
• * August 25 - Battle of Piteå
• * September 17 - Treaty of Fredrikshamn - Sweden cedes Finland to Russia
• Chekhov Gymnasium founded
• Diet of Porvoo - May to July - Finnish legislative assembly establishes Russian-controlled Grand Duchy of Finland
• Church of the Transfiguration, Yekaterinburg consecrated
• Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland separates from the Swedish Lutheran church
• Kagalnitskaya stanitsa founded
• Minister–Secretary of State for Finland - office established
• Russian Empire–United States relations - Russia and the United States establish official relations
• St. Petersburg State Transport University founded

Births

• Khachatur Abovian - Armenian writer, scientist, educator, and modernizer
• Konstantin Mikhailovich Bazili - historian and orientalist
• Nikolai Gogol - Ukrainian-born writer and playwright
• Nikolai Ilyin - founder of the apocalyptic Yehowist sect
• Aleksey Koltsov - poet and folklorist
• Fyodor Koni - dramatist, theatre critic, writer and editor
• Nestor Kukolnik - playwright and writer of Rusyn origin
• Malbim - rabbi and bible commentator, born in Volhynia in the Pale of Settlement
• Nikolay Motovilov - biographer of Saint Seraphim of Sarov
• Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky - general, statesman, pushed Russian expansion in Amur valley
• Nadezhda Repina - actress and singer
• Javad khan Shirvanski - Azerbaijani noble and Russian general
• Alexandra Smirnova - Imperial Russian lady-in-waiting and memoirist
• Feofil Tolstoy - composer, music critic, and writer
• Vasily Zavoyko - admiral, governor of Kamchatka

Deaths

• Yakov Bulgakov - diplomat
• Vasily Chichagov - admiral and explorer
• Mikhail Kamensky - general
• Heraclius Lisovsky - Ruthenian Uniate bishop and church administrator
• Alexander Prozorovsky - nobleman, general, and administrator
• Nikolai Sheremetev - nobleman, administrator, actor, and theater owner
• Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev - Hasidic rabbi and writer