1090s in England

Events from the 1090s in England.

Incumbents

Monarch – William II

Events

1090

* After buying the allegiance of several local barons, King William II takes control of eastern Normandy.1091
* 2 February – William II invades western Normandy with a large army. His brothers, Henry and Robert Curthose, mobilise mercenary forces to resist him during a siege at Mont-Saint-Michel. Under terms of the Treaty of Caen, estates on the Cotentin Peninsula of Normandy are surrendered to William, matters being concluded in August.
* July – Malcolm III of Scotland invades England reaching as far south as Durham. The Normans led by William and Robert march north to oppose the Scots, but a conflict is averted. Malcolm is obliged to accept the terms of the Treaty of Abernethy and pays homage to William.
* 17 October – London tornado of 1091: A T8/F4 tornado is recorded in London, which destroys London Bridge and badly damages St Mary-le-Bow church.1092
* May – William II annexes Cumbria from the Scottish Celtic kingdom of Strathclyde and builds Carlisle Castle.
* 9 May – Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated.
* 18 October – Walcher of Malvern correctly predicts the time of a lunar eclipse.1093
* 6 March – Frankish monk, philosopher and theologian Anselm is nominated as Archbishop of Canterbury; he is consecrated on 4 December.
* 8 April – the new Winchester Cathedral, constructed by Bishop Walkelin, becomes operational.
* 11 August – construction of Durham Cathedral begins.
* 13 November – King Malcolm III of Scotland is killed at the Battle of Alnwick during an attempted invasion of England.
* Durham Priory re-establishes a monastic house on the Holy Island of Lindisfarne.
* Normans continue their occupation of southern Wales, constructing Pembroke Castle.1094
* February – William II and Anselm quarrel about investiture and the overlordship of Church lands.
* 19 March – William II unsuccessfully invades Normandy.
* Welsh expel the Marcher Lords and destroy all Norman strongholds in Wales, except Pembroke Castle.1095
* January – Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, rebels. William II besieges his stronghold of Bamburgh Castle which is surrendered by Robert's wife after he has been captured.
* 25 February – a council at Rockingham is held to resolve the dispute between Anselm and William II, but fails to do so.
* May – Papal legate forces a reconciliation between William II and Anselm.1096
* Teaching at what will become the University of Oxford is recorded.
* King William II takes control of the Duchy of Normandy while his brother Robert II, Duke of Normandy is on the First Crusade.
* Construction of Norwich Cathedral begun. Herbert de Losinga, first Bishop of Norwich, establishes a Benedictine priory at Norwich and, shortly afterwards, an episcopal grammar school, Norwich School.1097
* October – Edgar Ætheling overthrows Donald III of Scotland and places his nephew Edgar on the Scottish throne.
* 8 November – Anselm leaves England following disagreements with William II.
* Construction of Westminster Hall.1098
* June or July – in the Battle of Anglesey Sound, a fleet led by Magnus Barefoot, King of Norway, reverses an Anglo-Norman invasion of north Wales.1099
* 11 November – flooding around North Sea and Mount's Bay, Cornwall.

Births

Deaths

1091
* Approximate date – Robert D'Oyly, Norman nobleman and landowner
1092
* 7 May – Remigius de Fécamp, Bishop of Lincoln
1094
* 21 November – Simeon, Abbot of Ely
1095
* 19 January – Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester
* 26 June – Robert the Lotharingian, Bishop of Hereford
1096
* 2 January – William de St-Calais, Bishop of Durham and counsellor of William II
1097
* January/February – Odo of Bayeux, Earl of Kent
* c. 1097/8 – Baldwin, Abbot of Bury St Edmunds and royal doctor
1098
* 3 January – Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester
1099
* 3 December – Saint Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury and Lord Chancellor