104th United States Congress

The 104th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1995, to January 3, 1997, during the third and fourth years of Bill Clinton's presidency. Apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census.
Both chambers had Republican majorities for the first time since the 83rd Congress in 1953. Major events included passage of elements of the Contract with America and a budget impasse between Congress and the Clinton administration that resulted in the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996.

Major events

January 3, 1995: Republicans gained control of both houses for the first time since 1955.
January 31, 1995: President Clinton invoked emergency powers to extend a $20 billion loan to help Mexico avert financial collapse.
April 19, 1995: Oklahoma City bombing
August 30, 1995: NATO began Operation Deliberate Force against Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina
November 14–19, 1995: U.S. government shutdown
December 16, 1995 – January 6, 1996: U.S. government shutdown
November 5, 1996: Re-election of President Bill Clinton; Democrats gained 8 seats in House; Republicans gained 2 seats in Senate.
First session of Congress where 3 sitting members of Congress had given birth, Enid Greene Waldholtz, Susan Molinari, and Blanche Lincoln.

Major legislation

January 23, 1995: Congressional Accountability Act of 1995,
March 22, 1995: Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995,
April 10, 1995: Mexican Debt Disclosure Act of 1995,,
May 22, 1995: Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995,
November 8, 1995: Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995,
November 28, 1995: National Highway System Designation Act of 1995,,
December 19, 1995: Lobbying Disclosure Act,,,
December 22, 1995: Private Securities Litigation Reform Act,,
December 28, 1995: Housing for Older Persons Act,
December 29, 1995: ICC Termination Act of 1995,
January 16, 1996: Federal Trademark Dilution Act,
February 8, 1996: Telecommunications Act of 1996,,,
March 12, 1996: Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Libertad) Act of 1996,,,
March 29, 1996: Congressional Review Act
April 4, 1996: [Federal United States House Committee on Agriculture|Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996|Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996],
April 9, 1996: Line Item Veto Act,,
April 24, 1996: Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act,,
April 26, 1996: District of Columbia School Reform Act of 1995
May 13, 1996: Mercury-Containing and Rechargeable Battery Management Act,
May 17, 1996: Megan's Law,
July 30, 1996: Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2,,
August 3, 1996: National Gambling Impact Study Commission Act,,
August 3, 1996: Food Quality Protection Act of 1996,,,
August 5, 1996: Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996,
August 20, 1996: Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996,,
August 21, 1996: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,,
August 21, 1996: War Crimes Act of 1996,
August 22, 1996: Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act,,
September 21, 1996: Defense of Marriage Act,,
September 26, 1996; Health Parity Act,
September 30, 1996: Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997,
September 30, 1996: Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996,,
September 30, 1996: Technology Act
October 1, 1996: Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act,,
October 3, 1996: Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996,
October 9, 1996: Helium Privatization Act of 1996,
October 9, 1996: Animal Drug Availability Act 1996,
October 11, 1996: National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996,
October 11, 1996: Economic Espionage Act of 1996,
October 12, 1996: Resources Development Act of 1996,,
October 20, 1996: United States Commemorative Coin Act of 1996,
October 26, 1996: Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996,
October 26, 1996: National Invasive Species Act,

Leadership

Senate

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Caucuses

Armenian Caucus
Biomedical Research Caucus
Blue Dog Coalition
Congressional Arts Caucus
Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
Congressional Automotive Caucus
Congressional Bike Caucus
Congressional Black Caucus
Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans
Congressional Caucus on Korea
Congressional Fire Services Caucus
Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
Congressional Hispanic Caucus
Congressional Motorsports Caucus
Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus
Congressional Progressive Caucus
Congressional Portuguese-American Caucus
Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
Congressional Western Caucus
Congresswomen's Caucus
Hong Kong Caucus
House Democratic Caucus
Law Enforcement Caucus
Northern Border Caucus
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Caucus
Senate Democratic Caucus

Members

Senate

In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1996; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1998; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 2000.

Delaware">List of United States senators from Delaware">Delaware

Kansas">List of United States senators from Kansas">Kansas

Mississippi">List of United States senators from Mississippi">Mississippi

New York">List of United States senators from New York">New York

South Carolina">List of United States senators from South Carolina">South Carolina

West Virginia">List of United States senators from West Virginia">West Virginia

House of Representatives

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Delaware">List of United States representatives from Delaware">Delaware

Kansas">List of United States representatives from Kansas">Kansas

Mississippi">List of United States representatives from Mississippi">Mississippi

New York">List of United States representatives from New York">New York

South Carolina">List of United States representatives from South Carolina">South Carolina

West Virginia">List of United States representatives from West Virginia">West Virginia

Committees

Senate

Aging (Special)
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
* Forestry, Conservation and Rural Revitalization
* Marketing, Inspection and Product Promotion
* Research, Nutrition and General Legislation
Appropriations
* [United States Senate United States Senate Committee on Appropriations|Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies|Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies]
* Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary
* Defense
* District of Columbia
* Energy and Water Development
* Foreign Operations
* Interior and Related Agencies
* Labor, Health, Human Services and Education
* Legislative Branch
* Military Construction
* Transportation
* Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
* VA-HUD Independent Agencies
Armed Services
* Acquisition and Technology
* Airland Forces
* Personnel
* Readiness
* Seapower
* Strategic Forces
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
* Securities
* Financial Institutions and Regulatory Relief
* International Finance
* Housing Opportunity and Community Development
* HUD Oversight and Activities
Budget
[United States Senate Committee on Commerce, United States House Committee on Science|Science and Transportation|Commerce, Science and Transportation]
* Aviation
* Communications
* Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce and Tourism
* Oceans and Fisheries
* Science, Technology and Space
* Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine
Energy and Natural Resources
* Energy Production and Regulation
* Energy Research and Development
* Forests and Public Land Management
* Parks, Historic Preservation and Recreation
* Oversight and Investigations
Environment and Public Works
* Clear Air, Wetlands, Private Property and Nuclear Safety
* Drinking Water, Fisheries and Wildlife
* Superfund, Waste Control and Risk Assessment
* Transportation and Infrastructure
Ethics (Select)
Finance
* International Trade
* Long-Term Growth, Debt and Deficit Reduction
* Medicare, Long-Term Care and Health Insurance
* Medicaid and Health-Care for Low-Income Families
* Social Security and Family Policy
* [United States Senate United States Senate Committee on Finance|Finance Subcommittee on Taxation and IRS Oversight|Taxation and IRS Oversight]
Foreign Relations
* African Affairs
* East Asian and Pacific Affairs
* European Affairs
* International Economic Policy, Export and Trade Promotion
* International Operations
* Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
* Western Hemisphere and Peace Corps Affairs
Governmental Affairs
* Oversight of Government Management and the District of Columbia
* Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
* International Economic Policy, Export and Trade Promotion
* Post Office and Civil Service
Indian Affairs (Select)
Judiciary
* Administration Oversight and the Courts
* Antitrust, Business Rights and Competition
* Constitution, Federalism and Property Rights
* Immigration
* Terrorism, Technology and Government Information
* Youth Violence
Intelligence (Select)
Labor and Human Resources
* Aging
* Children and Families
* Disability Policy
* Education, Arts and Humanities
[United States Senate Committee on United States House Committee on Rules|Rules and Administration|Rules and Administration]
Small Business
Veterans' Affairs
Whitewater Committee (Special)

House of Representatives

Agriculture
* General Farm Commodities
* Livestock, Dairy and Poultry
* Risk Management and Specialty Crops
* Department Operations, Nutrition and Foreign Agriculture
* Resource Conservation, Research and Forestry
Appropriations
* Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration and Related Agencies
* Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary
* District of Columbia
* Energy and Water Development
* Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs
* Labor, Health, Human Services and Education
* Interior
* Legislative
* Military Construction
* National Security
* Transportation
* Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
* VA, HUD and Independent Agencies
Banking and Financial Services
* Capital Markets, Securities and Government-Sponsored Enterprises
* Domestic and International Monetary Policy
* Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit
* General Oversight and Investigations
* Housing and Community Opportunity
Budget
Commerce
* Commerce, Trade and Hazardous Materials
* Energy and Power
* Health and Environment
* Oversight and Investigations
* Telecommunications and Finance
Economic and Educational Opportunities
* Early Childhood, Youth and Families
* Employer-Employee Relations
* Oversight and Investigations
* Postsecondary Education, Training and Life-Long Learning
* Workforce Protections
Government Reform and Oversight
* Civil Service
* District of Columbia
* Government Management, Information and Technology
* Human Resources and Ingovernmental Relations
* National Economic Growth, Natural Resources and Regulatory Affairs
* National Security, International Affairs and Criminal Justice
* Postal Service
House Administration
International Relations
* International Economic Policy and Trade
* Asia and the Pacific
* International Operations and Human Rights
* Western Hemisphere
* Africa
Judiciary
* Commercial and Administrative Law
* Courts and Intellectual Property
* Crime
* Immigration and Claims
* The Constitution
National Security
* Military Installations and Facilities
* Military Personnel
* Military Procurement
* Military Readiness
* Military Research and Development
Resources
* Energy and Mineral Resources
* Fisheries, Wildlife and Oceans
* National Parks, Forests and Lands
* Native American and Insular Affairs
* Water and Power Resources
Rules
* Legislative Process
* Rules of the House
Science
* Basic Research
* Energy and Development
* Space and Aeronautics
* Technology
Small Business
* Government Programs
* Procurement, Exports and Business Opportunities
* Regulation and Paperwork
* Tax and Finance
Standards of Official Conduct
Transportation and Infrastructure
* Aviation
* Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation
* Public Buildings and Economic Development
* Railroads
* Surface Transportation
* Water Resources and Development
Veterans' Affairs
* Compensation, Pension, Insurance and Memorial Affairs
* Education, Training, Employment and Housing
* Hospitals and Health Care
Ways and Means
* Health
* Human Resources
* Oversight
* Social Security
* Trade
Whole

Joint committees

Employees

Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States">Legislative branch agency directors

Architect of the Capitol:
* George Malcolm White, until November 21, 1995
* William L. Ensign, from November 21, 1995
Attending Physician of the United States Congress: John F. Eisold
Comptroller General of the United States:
* Charles A. Bowsher, until 1996
* vacant, starting 1996
Director of the Congressional Budget Office:
* Robert D. Reischauer, until February 28, 1995
* June E. O'Neill, from March 1, 1995
Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington
Public Printer of the United States: Michael F. DiMario

Senate

Chaplain:
* Richard C. Halverson, until March 11, 1995
* Lloyd John Ogilvie, from March 11, 1995
Curator:
* James R. Ketchum, until July 1, 1995
* Diane K. Skvarla, from July 1, 1995
Historian: Richard A. Baker
Parliamentarian: Bob Dove
Secretary:
* Sheila P. Burke, until June 7, 1995
* Kelly D. Johnston, June 8, 1995 – September 30, 1996
* Gary Lee Sisco, from October 1, 1996
Librarian: Roger K. Haley
Secretary for the Majority: Elizabeth B. Greene
Secretary for the Minority:
* C. Abbott Saffold, until 1995
* Martin P. Paone, from 1995
Sergeant at Arms:
* Howard O. Greene Jr., until September 6, 1996
* Gregory S. Casey, from September 6, 1996

House of Representatives

Chaplain: James D. Ford
Chief Administrative Officer:
* Scott Faulkner, until November 22, 1996
* Jeff Trandahl, from November 22, 1996
Clerk: Robin H. Carle
Historian: Christina Jeffrey, 1995
Parliamentarian: Charles W. Johnson III
Reading Clerks:
* Meg Goetz
* Bob Berry along with Paul Hays
Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood
Inspector General: John W. Lainhart IV