Division sign


The division sign is a mathematical symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and another dot below, used in Anglophone countries to indicate the operation of division. This usage is not universal and the symbol has different meanings in other countries. Consequently, its use to denote division is deprecated in the ISO 80000-2 standard for notations used in mathematics, science and technology. In older textbooks, it is called an obelus, though that term is also used of other symbols.

In mathematics

The obelus, a historical grapheme consisting of a horizontal line with one or more dots, was first used as a symbol for division in 1659, in the algebra book Teutsche Algebra by Johann Rahn, although previous writers had used the same symbol for subtraction. Some near-contemporaries believed that John Pell, who edited the book, may have been responsible for this use of the symbol. Other symbols for division include the slash or solidus, the colon, and the fraction bar. The ISO 80000-2 standard for mathematical notation in science and technology recommends only the solidus or "fraction bar" for division, or the "colon" for ratios; it says that the sign "should not be used" for division. Nevertheless, continues to be used on scientific calculators.
In Italy, Poland and Russia, the same sign was sometimes used to denote a range of values, and in Scandinavian countries it was, and sometimes still is, used as a negation sign: the Unicode Consortium has allocated a separate code point, for this usage uniquely; the exact form of the symbol displayed is typeface dependent.

In computer systems

Encoding

The symbol was assigned to code point 0xF7 in ISO 8859-1, as the "division sign". This encoding was transferred to Unicode as U+00F7. In HTML, it can be encoded as or, or as.
Unicode provides various division symbols:
CodepointNameSymbol
U+00F7Division Sign÷
U+27CCLong Division
U+2215Division Slash
U+2A38Circled Division Sign
U+2797Heavy Division Sign
U+2298Circled Division Slash
U+22C7Division Times
U+29BCCircled Anticlockwise-Rotated Division Sign

Use

Most programming languages use only the 128 ASCII characters, and so do not use the ÷ character. However, the programming language APL uses ÷ for the unary reciprocal operator and the binary division operator.