Yōwa famine

The Yōwa famine was a famine which affected Japan at the end of Heian period. It began in 1180, and lasted until 1182. It was named after the Yōwa era, during the reign of Emperor Antoku. The shogunate system was not established in Japan yet. The famine was most severe in central and western Japan and caused by an alternating, untimely drought and flood.

Causes

During the same period, there was also the Genpei War, One result of this war was that Minamoto no Yoshinaka's rebellion made the roads around Kyoto impassable, hindering the city's supply and leaving its residents with little clothing or food. Armies foraging also reduced the availability of food.
1180 saw drought and a poor harvest, the mid- and late-Heian period apparently having been unusually warm.
The famine become worse in 1182, as epidemic was superimposed on scarcity of food.

Results

The food prices rose to such levels that a man's load of processed timber was not worth the amount of food to survive a day. The riverbanks were lined with the deceased. the number of dead in Kyoto was 42,300, and temples were overwhelmed, resulting in improper burials. Many corpses were left to rot, resulting in foul smells in several districts of the city. Residents of Kyoto demolished their houses, sold their possessions and fled the city.
Due to a lack of provisions, the Genpei War was paused for two years from mid-1181.