Yong'an dialect
The Yong'an dialect is a Central Min dialect spoken in Yong'an, Sanming in Western Fujian Province, China.
Phonology
The Yong'an dialect has 17 initials, 41 rimes and 6 tones.Initials
The initials of the Yong'an dialect are:| Bilabial | Dental | Palato-alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
| Nasal / Approximant | ~ | ||||
| Plosive | |||||
| Affricate | |||||
| Fricative |
- The initials and occur in free variation.
- can also be heard as voiced plosives in free variation.
- Palato-alveolar sounds can also be heard as alveolo-palatal sounds in free variation among speakers.
Rimes
The Yong'an dialect has a rich set of oral and nasal vowels, but allows only -m and -ŋ as a final consonant.Tones
The tones are:Tone sandhi
The Yong'an dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules. The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below:| Original citation tone | Tone sandhi |
| upper level | lower level |
| lower level | remain unchanged |
| upper rising | lower level |
| lower rising | upper rising |
| departing | remain unchanged |
| entering | high level |