William Whitaker's Words
William Whitaker's Words is a computer program that parses the inflection or conjugation of a given Latin word entered by the user, and also translates the root into English. Conversely, given a basic English word, the program can output a Latin translation, generally with several possible Latin alternatives, although the database of translatable English words is not comprehensive. The software, written in Ada, is free for download but can be used online through several different hosts as well.
This program has gained popularity among Latinists because of its simple interface, high coverage of the Latin lexicon and mostly accurate results. Nevertheless, the user has to check the results, since WORDS uses a set of rules based on natural prefixation, suffixation, declension and conjugation to determine the possibility of an entry. As a consequence of this approach of analysing the structure of words, there is no guarantee that these words were ever used in Latin literature or speech, even if the program finds a possible meaning to a given word.
A few years after the original author's death, the software became the subject of digital preservation efforts.
Coverage
The dictionary consists of about 39,000 entries, which would result in hundreds of thousands of variations, counting declensions and conjugations.Additionally, the dictionary contains prefixes and suffixes.
In comparison, the Oxford Latin Dictionary, considered to be the most complete Latin lexicon published in the English language, has about 34,000 entries, excluding proper names. The Oxford Latin Dictionary has fewer entries because it only contains entries from Classical Latin, whereas WORDS contains words from many time periods.
Parsing process
For instance, given the Latin verb form amābantur, WORDS analyzes it as:amābantur = am +, where
- am = amo, amare, amavi, amatus
- ā = theme vowel for indicative mood
- ba = marker for the imperfect
- nt = marker for third person plural number
- ur = marker for passive voice