Computer-based interlocking

Computer-based interlocking is railway signal interlocking implemented with computers and semiconductors, rather than using older technologies such as relays or mechanics. So it is a special subset of Solid State Interlocking systems today. In some countries were hybrid constructions established with logic cores from computers and electromechanical interfaces to lineside systems.

General

CBIs are mostly implemented in two parts:

a section that implements the safety and failsafe requirements, and
a second section that implements "non-vital" controls and indications.

The European Union with its European Railway Agency and International Union of Railways have created an umbrella European Railway Traffic Management Standard. Under this umbrella framework the interlockings are the interface with security relevance between the trains on the tracks and the higher levels of traffic management. The interface to rolling stock is defined by means of European Traffic Control System as an collection of standards. The standardised communication interface GSM-R has a global successor FRMCS.
Because the interlockings are traditionally grounded in national infrastructure, they are not fully transparent and standardised. Despite the global companies implementing it, the local implementation is often proprietary closed. The EU is trying to open the framework of information by customers by means of RailML, thereby reducing nonstandard efforts and longterm costs.

Brands

Different manufacturers have their own brands of CBI such asAlister from Funkwerk AG

EBILOCK from Bombardier Transportation, now Alstom
EI L90 from SEL -> Alcatel -> Thales -> Hitachi Rail STS
Microlok II from Ansaldo STS -> Hitachi Rail STSSIMIS-x from Siemens MobilitySmartlock from Alstom
SSI - British Rail, GEC-General Signal, Invensys, now Siemens Mobility
Westlock from Westinghouse -> InvensysZSB 2000 from Scheidt & Bachmann

Interface between different brands

When interfacing different brands of CBI equipment, it may be necessary to use relays of each regime, which are then hardwired from one to the other. This happens e.g. in the middle of the Channel Tunnel where French and British signalling equipment meet.
The network division of Deutsche Bahn has been creating a framework of standard interface definitions under the label DSTW . A project group named EULYNX has defined a set of global interface definitions SCI-*. These interfaces are defined with RailML terms. Ideally all partnering companies should transform their equipment along these standards and partial mixing of approved suppliers should be possible. The goal was to circumvent vendor lockin and private interfaces. These standards were adopted by other countries like Denmark and Norway for replacement projects of railway signalling. In Germany the mass rollout has not started in 2025.

Competition Rules

Since only some of the major signalling organisations make CBI equipment, it was agreed that to prevent other players being left out in the cold, CBI equipment would be made available to those players at cost.