Western dress codes
Western dress codes are a set of dress codes detailing what clothes are worn for what occasion that originated in Western Europe and the United States in the 19th century. Conversely, since most cultures have intuitively applied some level equivalent to the more formal Western dress code traditions, these dress codes are simply a versatile framework, open to amalgamation of international and local customs. This versatility has made this scale of formality a practical international formality scale.
Classification
Classifications are divided into formal wear, semi-formal wear, and informal wear. Anything below this level is referred to as casual wear, although sometimes in combinations such as "smart casual" or "business casual" in order to indicate higher expectation than none at all.Etiquette
For both men and women, hats corresponding to the various levels of formality exist. As supplements to the standard dress codes, headgear can be worn, though certain settings have etiquette regarding this; for example, in Christian churches, traditional norms have enjoined the wearing of a headcovering by women, while men are prohibited from wearing a hat.Ceremonial dress, military uniform, religious clothing, academic dress, and folk costume appropriate to the formality level are encouraged, but face-covering garments are not always accepted. France outlawed the public use of burqas in 2010 and the European court of law seconded the law because "uncovered faces encourage citizens to live together".
Formal wear
Typical events: Weddings, state dinners and affairs, formal balls, royal events, etc.Semi-formal wear
Typical events: Theatre opening nights, charity balls, etc.There is some variation in style depending on whether it is summer, spring, winter or fall. See black tie and stroller for more details.
Informal wear
Typical events: Diplomatic and business meetings, many social occasions, everyday wearCasual wear
Casual wear encompasses business casual, smart casual, etc.History
The background of traditional contemporary Western dress codes as fixed in 20th century relied on several steps of replacement of preexisting formal wear, while in turn increasing the formality levels of the previously less formal alternatives. Thus was the case with the ceasing of the justacorps, extensively worn from the 1660s until the 1790s, followed by the same fate of the 18th century frock, in turn followed by the frock coat.Full dress, half dress, and undress
Formal, semi-formal, and informal all have roots in 19th century customs subsequent to the replacement of the 18th century generic justaucorps, and has remained fixed defined since the 20th century. The 19th century frock coat rarely occurs except as formal alternative. For women, interpretations have fluctuated more dynamically according to fashion.Before the modern system of formal, semi-formal, and informal was consolidated in the 20th century, the terms were looser. In the 19th century, during the Victorian and Edwardian periods, the principal classifications of clothing were full dress and undress, and, less commonly the intermediate half dress. Full dress covered the most formal option: frock coat for day wear, and dress coat for evening wear. As such, full dress may still appear in use designating formal wear.
When morning dress became common, it was considered less formal than a frock coat, and even when the frock coat was increasingly phased out, morning dress never achieved full dress status. Therefore, in the 21st century, full dress often refers to white tie only.
Today's semi-formal evening black tie was initially described as informal wear, while the "lounge suit," now standard business wear, was originally considered casual wear. Half dress, when used, was variously applied at different times, but was used to cover modern morning dress. Undress in turn was similarly loose in meaning, corresponding to anything from a dressing gown to a lounge suit or its evening equivalent of dinner clothes.