West Punjab


West Punjab was a province in the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955. It was established from the western-half of British Punjab, following the independence of Pakistan. The province covered an area of, including much of the current Punjab province and the Islamabad Capital Territory, but excluding the former Princely state of Bahawalpur. Lahore, being the largest city and the cultural centre, served as the capital of the province. The province was composed of four divisions and was bordered by the state of Bahawalpur to the south-east, the province of Baluchistan to the south-west and Sind to the south, North-West Frontier Province to the north-west, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir to the north. It shared International border with Indian state of East Punjab to the east and Indian-administered Jammu & Kashmir to the north-east. It was dissolved and merged into West Pakistan upon creation of One Unit Scheme, in 1955.

History

The creation of Pakistan in 1947 led to the division of the Punjab Province of British India into two new provinces. The largely Sikh and Hindu East Punjab became part of the new nation of India while the largely Muslim West Punjab became part of the new nation of the Dominion of Pakistan. The name of the province was shortened to Punjab in 1950. West Punjab was merged into the province of West Pakistan in 1955 under the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Chaudhary Muhammad Ali. When that province was dissolved, the area of the former province of West Punjab was combined with the former state of Bahawalpur to form a new Punjab Province.

Government

The offices of Governor of West Punjab and Chief Minister of West Punjab lasted from 15 August 1947, until 14 October 1955. The first Governor was Sir Francis Mudie with Iftikhar Hussain Khan as the first Chief Minister. Both offices were abolished in 1955, when the province of West Pakistan was created. The last Governor of West Punjab, Mushtaq Ahmad Gurmani, became the first Governor of West Pakistan.
TenureGovernor of West Punjab
15 August 1947 – 2 August 1949Sir Francis Mudie
2 August 1949 – 24 November 1951Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar
24 November 1951 – 2 May 1953Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar
2 May 1953 – 24 June 1954Mian Aminuddin
26 September 1954 – 26 November 1954Habib Ibrahim Rahmatullah
27 November 1954 – 14 October 1955Mushtaq Ahmad Gurmani
14 October 1955Province of West Punjab dissolved

TenureChief Minister of West PunjabPolitical Party
15 August 1947 – 25 January 1949Iftikhar Hussain Khan
25 January 1949 – 5 April 1952Governor's Rule
5 April 1952 – 3 April 1953Mian Mumtaz DaultanaPakistan Muslim League
3 April 1953 – 21 May 1955Malik Firoz Khan NunPakistan Muslim League
21 May 1955 – 14 October 1955Abdul Hamid Khan Dasti
14 October 1955Province of West Punjab dissolved

Demographics

Religion

1941 census

At Independence there was a Muslim majority in West Punjab with a significant Hindu and Sikh minority. Nearly all of these minorities left West Punjab for India, to be replaced by large numbers of Muslims fleeing from the opposite direction.

Language

The official language of West Punjab was Urdu but most of the population spoke Punjabi. The linguist George Abraham Grierson in his multi volume Linguistic Survey of India considered the various dialects up to then called "Western Punjabi", spoken in North, West, and South of Lahore in what is now Pakistani Punjab, as constituting instead a distinct language from Punjabi. Grierson proposed to name this putative language "Lahnda", and he dubbed as "Southern Lahnda" the coherent dialect cluster now known as Saraiki spoken in Multan Dera Ghazi Khan and Bahawalpur division and "North Lahnda" now known as Potwari spoken in Rawalpindi division and "Western Lahnda" now known as Hindko spoken in the regions bordering Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.

Contemporary usage

The term is often used to refer to the Pakistani Punjab.