West Damar language


West Damar, or North Damar, is an Austronesian language of Damar Island, one of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. In spite of rather low cognacy rates with its neighboring languages, it can be classified as part of the Babar languages based on qualitative evidence.
It is spoken in two villages located in the north-western part of Damar.

Phonology

The consonant inventory of West Damar is as follows:
  • Sounds only occur in loanwords from Indonesian. also mostly, but not exclusively, appears in loanwords.
The vowel inventory of West Damar is simply.

Morphology

A few aspects of West Damar morphology are noted as follows.

Verb conjugation

Verbs in West Damar are conjugated according to person and number.
Person/numberPrefixVerb -oni "to eat"Other attested verbs
1st sg.w-woni
2nd sg.m-moni
3rd sg.n-yonin-poko "explodes", n-woludlo "hunts", n-hakro "boils", n-dekro "is dry", ng-kerso "is thin",
1st pl. inclusivek-, t-tonik-la "we go", k-wadano "we hear", k-hoto "we talk", k-mattuni "we sleep", k-nehi "we run"
1st pl. exclusivem-moni
2nd pl.m- -y-, ms-msonimlyo "you go", mnyedi "you fall"
3rd pl.r-roni

Possession

West Damar has a series of possessive suffixes that are attached to nouns. There is no possessive verb. The possessive suffixes are as follows:
Person/numberSuffix
1st sg.-cheni
2nd sg.-mcheni
3rd sg.-eni
1st pl. inclusive-toni
1st pl. exclusive-moni
2nd pl.-mseni
3rd pl.-roni

The possessive suffixes are built from a base suffix -ni that also appears as a lexical derivational suffix:ulcho + -ni > ulchuni "husband"deweya + -ni > deweyeni "wife"ullo "month" + -ni > ulloni "moon"

Negation

The word for "no" in West Damar is kewe. When split into a circumfix, ke- -we serves as a simple negator for content words like nouns, verbs, and adjectives. The -we part of the negator comes immediately after the stem it attaches to, but before other clitics. A few examples of negation provided by Chlenova are as follows:
Another negative predicative word krawui "unavailable" is also recorded.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary list:
West DamarIndonesianEnglish
odosayaI
edeengkauyou
ididiahe, she
ititokitawe
odomokamiwe
edmikamuyou
idiromerekathey
mehnosatuone
wyeruduatwo
wyettelitigathree
wyotoempatfour
wilimolimafive
wyenamoenamsix
wititujuhseven
waydelapaneight
wisisembilannine
uswutisepuluhten
ulkonakepalahead
limatanganhand
eyakakifoot

Sample sentences

- Are you ill?
- Yes, I have a headache.
- The mountain Binaya is the highest at the Seram island.