Volutidae
Image:Scaphella junonia.jpg|thumb|Apertural view of a shell of Scaphella junonia
Volutidae, common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are marine gastropod mollusks. Most of the species have no operculum.
Distribution
This family of sea snails are found mainly in tropical seas, though some species also inhabit the waters of the polar circles.Description
The large head has the eyes sessile on the sides below the base of the tentacles. The tentacles are far apart,united by a broad veil over the head. The mantle is sometimes greatly developed, covering the sides of the shell. The siphon is recurved, short, with auricles on each side of the base. The foot is very large, partly hiding the shell. There is no operculum.
The shell shows distinct plaits on the columella. The apex of the spire is mamillated. The shells have an elongated aperture in their first whorl and an inner lip characterised by a number of deep plaits.
The family of Volutidae comprises a suite of large shells remarkable for their great beauty and elegance of form.
The shell of species such as Melo amphora can grow as large as 50 cm in length.
Volutes are distinguished by their distinctively marked spiral shells.
The elaborate decorations of the shells has made them a popular collector's item, with the imperial volute of the Philippines being particularly prized.
Taxonomy
Subfamilies and tribes
According to Bail & Poppe Volutidae can be subdivided into the following subfamilies and tribes:- Amoriinae Gray, 1857
- *Tribe Amoriini Gray, 1857
- *Tribe Meloini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- *Tribe Notovolutini Bail & Poppe, 2001
- Athletinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Calliotectinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Cymbiinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
- *Tribe Adelomelonini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- *Tribe Alcithoini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- *Tribe Cymbiini H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
- *Tribe Livoniini Bail & Poppe, 2001
- *Tribe Odontocymbiolini Clench & Turner, 1964
- *Tribe Zidonini H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
- † Eovolutinae Pacaud, 2016
- Fulgorariinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- † Indovolutinae Halder & S. S. Das, 2019
- Plicolivinae Bouchet, 1990
- Scaphellinae Gray, 1857
- † Volutilithinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Volutinae Rafinesque, 1815
- *Tribe Lyriini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- *Tribe Volutini Rafinesque, 1815
Genera
Genera within the Volutidae include:Adelomelon Dall, 1906 Alcithoe H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Amoria Gray, 1855Ampulla Röding, 1798Arctomelon Dall, 1915 Athleta Conrad, 1853Callipara Gray, 1847Calliotectum Dall, 1890Capensisvoluta S. G. Veldsman & J. H. Veldsman, 2022Cymbiola Swainson, 1831Cymbiolacca Cymbium Röding, 1798- *Cymbium cymbium
- *Cymbium glans
- *Cymbium marmoratum
- *Cymbium olla
- *Cymbium pepoEnaeta H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853Ericusa H. Adams and A. Adams, 1858Festilyria Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954 Fulgoraria Schumacher, 1817Fusivoluta E. von Martens, 1902Harpovoluta Thiele, 1912Harpulina Dall, 1906Iredalina Finlay, 1926Leptoscapha Fischer, 1883Livonia Gray, 1855Lyria Gray, 1847
- † Mauira Marwick, 1943
- † Mauithoe Finlay, 1930 Melo Broderip in Sowerby I, 1826
- † Metamelon Marwick, 1926 Minicymbiola Klappenbach, 1979Miomelon Dall, 1907
- † Mitreola Swainson, 1833 Nannamoria Iredale, 1929Nanomelon Leal & Bouchet, 1989Nataliavoluta S. G. Veldsman & J. H. Veldsman, 2022Neptuneopsis Sowerby III, 1898Notopeplum Finlay, 1927Notovoluta Cotton, 1946Odontocymbiola Clench & Turner, 1964Pachycymbiola Ihering, 1907
- † Pachymelon Marwick, 1926 Paramoria McMichael, 1960Plicoliva Petuch, 1979Provocator Watson, 1882 Scaphella Swainson, 1832Spinomelon Marwick, 1926 Tenebrincola Harasewych & Kantor, 1991TeramachiaTernivoluta E. von Martens, 1897Tractolira Dall, 1890Voluta Linnaeus, 1758Volutifusus Conrad, 1863Volutoconus Crosse, 1871Waihaoia Marwick, 1926 Zygomelon Harasewych & Marshall, 1995 Zidona H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853