Uma language
Uma is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Phonology
Consonants
Notes:- acts as a nasal in some respects and causes the nasalization of non-front vowels.
- is realized as retroflex contiguous to non-front vowels.
- is neutralized word-initially, and is the only consonant that can occur in the coda or word-finally.
- In the Lincio variety of Central Uma, is pronounced.
- The semivowel is rare, found mainly in loan words.
- The affricate /tʃ/ is found only following /n/, i.e., in the prenasalized stop /ⁿtʃ/.
- is 'w'
- is 'ny'
- is 'ng'
- is 'y'
- is 'j'
- is 'c'
- is an apostrophe or simply 'ʔ'
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
| Close | |||
| Close-Mid | |||
| Open |
Pronouns
Notes:- ABS refers to pronominals in the absolutive case, while ERG refers to the ergative and GEN to the genitive.
- 1P means 'first person,' 2P means 'second person,' and 3P means 'third person.'
- means 'singular' and means 'plural.' means 'plural exclusive' and means 'plural inclusive.'
- means that ∅ is a proclitic.
- means that ∅ is an enclitic.
- In the Tobaku, Tolee', and Winatu dialects, the possessives and are and respectively.
- In the Tolee' and Winatu dialects, the absolutives and are and respectively. The free forms and are and respectively.
Numerals
- isaʔ
- dua
- tolu
- opoʔ
- lima
- ono
- pitu
- walu
- sio
- hampuluʔ
Classification of Uma varieties
- Bana
- Benggaulu
- Kantewu
- Aria
- Tobaku
- Tolee'
- Winatu
- Kantewu
- Southern
- Tolee'
- Tobaku
- Winatu
- Tori'untu
- Sarudu
- Benggaulu