1899 in the United Kingdom

Incumbents

• Monarch – Victoria
• Prime Minister – Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury

Events

• 6 January – Lord Curzon becomes Viceroy of India. Aylesbury by-election.
• 7 January – The Lucky Star, an English comic opera composed by Ivan Caryll and produced by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company premieres at the Savoy Theatre in London for the first of 143 performances.
• 12–13 January – the Lynmouth life-boat Louisa is launched from Porlock Weir, entailing being hauled overland for with a climb of across Exmoor using 100 volunteers to save all 18 crew of the Forrest Hall in the Bristol Channel.
• 25 February – in an accident at Grove Hill, Harrow, Edwin Sewell becomes the world's first driver of a petrol-driven vehicle to be killed; his passenger, Maj. James Richer, dies of injuries three days later.
• 9 March – Charles C. Wakefield begins the lubricating oil company which will become Castrol.
• 11 March – the world's first wireless distress signal is sent to the East Goodwin light vessel when German cargo-carrying barquentine Elbe runs aground in fog on Goodwin Sands off the Kent coast, bringing assistance from Ramsgate Lifeboat Station.
• 25 March – The rowing crew of Cambridge University wins the annual boat race against Oxford University for the first time in a decade. Oxford had won the race in nine consecutive seasons.
• 27 March – Guglielmo Marconi successfully transmits a radio signal across the English Channel.
• 18 April – The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 goes into effect, creating 32 counties of Ireland and abolishes the counties corporate of Carrickfergus and Drogheda.
• 1 May – the National Trust acquires its first part of Wicken Fen, making it the UK's oldest wetland nature reserve.
• 17 May – foundation stone of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London is laid by Queen Victoria, her last public engagement – a week before her 80th birthday. Now in the 62nd year of her reign, she is Britain's longest-serving monarch up to this time.
• 24 May – the 80th birthday of Queen Victoria is celebrated throughout the British Empire.
• 26 May – the guns of the British warship HMS Scylla, commanded by Captain Percy Scott, hit their targets 56 out of 70 times after Scott and his crew solve the problem of aiming a ship cannon on rolling seas.
• 19 June – Edward Elgar's Enigma Variations are premiered at St James's Hall in London conducted by Hans Richter; the work rapidly attracts international acclaim.
• 22–27 June – the highest ever recorded cricket score, 628 not out, is made by schoolboy A. E. J. Collins.
• 9 August – royal assent for:
• * Board of Education Act 1899, establishing the Board of Education.
• * Elementary Education Act, empowering school authorities to identify and make appropriate educational provision for 'defective' children.
• * Seats for Shop Assistants Act 1899, providing, for the first time, a respite for workers required to remain standing for long periods of time.
• 21 August – Sir Edmund Antrobus, owner of the land on Salisbury Plain upon which Stonehenge stands in England, offers to sell the land to the British government for £125,000. After Sir Edmund's death in 1915, his brother Cosmo will have the land auctioned for £6,600.
• September – the British Mutoscope and Biograph Company makes King John in London, the first known film based on a Shakespeare play.
• 6 September
• * White Star Line's transatlantic ocean liner sails on her maiden voyage out of Liverpool. At 17,272 gross register tons and, she is the largest ship afloat, following scrapping of the a decade earlier.
• * Flying Fox completes the English Triple Crown by finishing first in the 2,000 Guineas, Epsom Derby and St Leger.
• 24 September – A crowd of several thousand men in London disrupts an anti-war demonstration in Trafalgar Square and shouts down the Peace Association speakers as well as hurling "decayed apples and eggs and other missiles."
• 6 October – The War Office alerts the administrators of British Army Reserve to prepare for drafting of soldiers in preparation for war in South Africa.
• 9 October – first motor bus in London.
• 11 October – Second Boer War begins: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State, erupts.
• 13 October – Second Boer War: Siege of Mafeking begins.
• 16 October – A Chinese Honeymoon, the first musical to run for more than 1,000 performances, is performed for the first time, making its debut at the Theatre Royal in Hanley, Staffordshire before moving to London.
• 20 October – Second Boer War: Battle of Talana Hill – In the first major clash of the conflict, near Dundee, Natal, the British Army drives the Boers from their position, but with heavy casualties, including the commanding general Sir Penn Symons.
• 27 October – Louise Masset, an unmarried mother, murders her 3-year old son in a bathroom at the Dalston Junction railway station in London. She will be found guilty on 18 December and hanged at Newgate Prison three weeks later.
• 31 October – The House of Commons unveils the statue of [Oliver Cromwell, Westminster|statue] of Oliver Cromwell.
• 13 November – Bede is declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Leo XIII, the only Englishman so named.
• 15 November – the American Line's becomes the first ocean liner to report her imminent arrival by wireless telegraphy when Marconi's station at The Needles contacts her 66 nautical miles off the coast of England.
• 20 November – Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm II and his family arrive in London at the invitation of Queen Victoria's government and are greeted by cheering crowds.
• 24 November – Mahdist War: Decisive British and Egyptian victory at the Battle of Umm Diwaykarat ends the war in Sudan.
• 30 November – The Secretary of State for the Colonies, Joseph Chamberlain, makes a controversial speech at Leicester proposing "a new Triple Alliance between the Teutonic race and the two great trans-Atlantic branches of the Anglo-Saxon race which would become a potent influence on the future of the world."
• 8 December – the Aldeburgh life-boat capsizes on service: seven of the eighteen crew are killed.
• 15 December – Glasgow School of Art opens its new building, the most notable work of Charles Rennie Mackintosh.
• 23 December – Sir Reginald Wingate is appointed as the new British Governor-General of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

Summer

• The year was notable for its hot summer – the Central England Temperature saw its 4th hottest summer since 1659 and the hottest since 1868, as of this year. There is also a drought, leading to the 8th driest summer on record at this date. Elsewhere in the UK records were also set, notably a record hot summer for Sutherland, as of 2025. The heat also extended over parts of Europe.

Undated

• Raising of [school leaving age in England and Wales] to twelve.
• Liquorice allsorts first marketed by Bassetts of Sheffield.
• Oxo beef stock cubes introduced by Liebig's [Extract of Meat Company].

Publications

• Joseph Conrad's novella Heart of Darkness.
• E. W. Hornung's first A. J. Raffles novel The Amateur Cracksman.
• Rudyard Kipling's poem "The White Man's Burden" and his school stories Stalky & Co.
• E. Nesbit's children's novel The Story of the Treasure Seekers.
• Clarence Rook's allegedly documentary The Hooligan Nights; Being the Life and Opinions of a Young and Impertinent Criminal Recounted by Himself.
• Somerville and Ross's stories Some Experiences of an Irish R.M..

Births

• 1 January – Jack Beresford, rower
• 11 January – Eva Le Gallienne, actress
• 17 January – Nevil Shute, novelist
• 21 January – John Bodkin Adams, doctor and suspected serial killer
• 24 January – Thomas Woodrooffe, naval officer and radio commentator
• 3 February – Doris Speed, actress
• 21 February – Sir Donald Hardman, Royal Air Force commander
• 13 March – William Lovelock, composer
• 18 March – Marjorie Abbatt, toy-maker and businesswoman
• 30 March – Cyril Radcliffe, lawyer and public servant
• 2 April – Robin Hill, biochemist
• 26 April – Sir John Nicoll, governor of Singapore
• 6 May – Billy Cotton, bandleader and singer
• 18 May – Ronald Armstrong-Jones, barrister
• 22 May – Binnie Hale, musical theatre performer
• 25 May – Kitty Harris, spy for the Soviet Union
• 26 May – Ruth Bird, historian and schoolteacher
• 1 June – Edward Charles Titchmarsh, mathematician
• 7 June – Elizabeth Bowen, Anglo-Irish novelist
• 18 June – John Warburton, actor
• 29 June – Edward Twining, diplomat, Governor of North Borneo and of Tanganyika
• 1 July – Charles Laughton, actor
• 13 August – Alfred Hitchcock, film director
• 27 August – C. S. Forester, novelist
• 24 September – Bessie Braddock, born Elizabeth Bamber, Labour politician
• 29 September – Billy Butlin, holiday camp pioneer
• 3 November
• * Ralph Bates, writer
• * Pauline Johnson, born Katherine Johnson, silent film actress
• 22 November – Philip Mayne, Army officer
• 2 December
• * John Barbirolli, orchestral conductor
• * John Cobb, racing car and motorboat driver
• 8 December – Arthur Leslie, television actor
• 15 December – Harold Abrahams, athlete
• 16 December – Noël Coward, actor, playwright and composer

Deaths

• 30 January – Harry Bates, sculptor
• 6 February – Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, a grandson of Queen Victoria, in Austria
• 27 March – Myles Birket Foster, illustrator and watercolour painter
• 1 April – John Ferguson Nisbet, Scottish journalist and writer
• 24 May – William Brett, 1st Viscount Esher, law lord
• 5 June – Margaret Anna Cusack, religious sister
• 9 August – Edward Frankland, chemist
• 26 August – Walter Simon Andrews, policeman
• 2 September – Ernest Renshaw, tennis player
• 2 October
• * Emma Hardinge Britten, spiritualist
• * Percy Pilcher, aviation pioneer and glider pilot
• 30 October – Arthur Blomfield, ecclesiastical architect
• 2 November – Anna Swanwick, feminist writer
• 20 November – Georgina Gascoyne-Cecil, Marchioness of Salisbury, political hostess
• 23 November – Thomas Henry Ismay, shipowner
• 5 December – Sir Henry Tate, sugar magnate