Turbonillinae


Turbonillinae is a subfamily of mostly minute parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
This subfamily has been shown to be monophyletic

Taxonomy

In the taxonomy of Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan Turbonillinae is a part of the family Turbonillidae.
According to Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan there are 27 genera within the Turbonillinae.
Turbonillinae has been one of eleven recognised subfamilies in the family Pyramidellidae.
In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi, this subfamily comprises the subfamilies Cingulininae and Eulimellinae, that have been downgraded to the rank of tribe.
  • Subfamily Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849
  • *Tribe Turbonillini Bronn, 1849
  • *Tribe Cingulinini Saurin, 1958
  • *Tribe Eulimellini Saurin, 1958
In 2010 the subfamily Turbonillinae has been recognized as monophyletic

Genera

Genera within the subfamily Turbonillinae include:
tribe TurbonilliniTurbonilla Risso, 1826 - type genus of the subfamily TurbonillinaeAsmunda Dall & Bartsch, 1904Bacteridiella Saurin, 1959Bartschella Iredale, 1916Bouchetmella Peñas & Rolán, 2016Careliopsis Mörch, 1875Cylindroturbonilla Nordsieck, 1972Ebalina Thiele, 1929Exesilla Laseron, 1959Gispyrella Laws, 1937Graciliturbonilla Nordsieck, 1972Houbrickia Wise, 1996Lancea Peace, 1868Magniturbonilla Nordsieck, 1972Mormula A. Adams, 1863Nisiturris Dall & Bartsch, 1906Paramormula Nomura, 1939Paraturbonilla Boettger, 1906Planpyrgiscus Laws, 1937Pselliogyra Dall & Bartsch, 1909 : synonym of Parthenina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883Puposyrnola Cossmann, 1921Pyrgiscilla Laws, 1937Pyrgiscus Philippi, 1841Pyrgolampros Sacco, 1892Pyrgolidium Monterosato, 1884Striarcana Laws, 1937Sulcoturbonilla Sacco, 1892Tereoturbonilla Eames, 1951Turbolidium Robba, 2013 Zaphella Laseron, 1959: synonym of Asmunda Dall & Bartsch, 1904
tribe Cingulinini
tribe Eulimellini
tribe ?Kleinella A. Adams, 1860Amamimormula Kuroda, 1928: synonym of Turbonilla Risso, 1826Baldra Dall & Bartsch, 1904: synonym of Turbonilla Risso, 1826

Problematic genera within the family Turbonillinae

The following genera were difficult to place within the subfamily Turbonillinae :Atomiscala DeBoury, 1909
The genus Ebala was previously placed in the Eulimellinae, but was then placed in the family Ebalidae, that is a synonym of Murchisonellidae.

Distribution

This family is found worldwide.

Shell description

The shell of these snails has a blunt, heterostrophic protoconch, which is pointed sideways. The shell of most species are rather high and slender.
The texture of these shells is usually ribbed sculptured in various forms and often also have more or less prominent spirals. Their color is mostly white, cream or yellowish, sometimes with red or brown lines.
The adult shell, the teleoconch is dextrally coiled, but the larval shells are sinistral. This results in a sinistrally coiled protoconch. The opening of the shell, the aperture is closed by a lid, a so called operculum.

Life habits

The Turbonillinae are ectoparasites, feeding mainly on other molluscs and on annelid worms.
They do not have a radula. Instead their long proboscis is used to pierce the skin of its prey and suck up its fluids and soft tissues. The eyes on the grooved tentacles are situated toward the base of the tentacles. Between the head and the foot, a lobed process called the mentum is visible.
These molluscs are hermaphrodites.