Trumpler 16

Trumpler 16 is a massive open cluster that is home to some of the most luminous stars in the Milky Way galaxy. It is situated within the Carina Nebula complex in the Carina–Sagittarius Arm, located approximately from Earth. The cluster has one star visible to the naked eye from the tropics southward, Eta Carinae.

Description

Its most luminous members are and, with both having luminosities several million times that of the Sun, and there are three other extreme stars with O3 spectral classes. Both and are binaries, with the primary stars contributing most of the luminosity, but with companions which are themselves more massive and luminous than most stars. Totalling all wavelengths, is estimated to be the more luminous of the two, 4,600,000 times the Sun's luminosity compared to at 2,400,000 times the Sun's luminosity. However, appears by far the brightest object, both because it is brighter in visual wavelengths and because it is embedded in nebulosity which exaggerates the luminosity. is very hot and emits most of its radiation at ultraviolet wavelengths.

Star name	MJ number	Effective temperature	Absolute magnitude	Bolometric magnitude	Mass	Spectral type	Ref.
η Car		35200+37200	−8.6	−12	100+30	LBV+O
WR 25	245	50100	−6.98	−11.2	98	O2.5If*/WN6+OB
HD 93250	383	46000	−6.14	−10.5	83	O4IV
V560 Car	342	51300+38000	−5.87 + −4.32	−10.4 + −7.9	40+17	O3.5Vf+O8V
HD 303308	480	51300	−5.9	−10.4	93	O3V
HD 93204	340	46100	−5.4	−9.6	59	O5V
CPD-59 2600	380	43600	−5.5	−9.6	55	O6V
CPD-59 2641	535	43600	−5.2	−9.3	49	O6V
ALS 15210	257	47800	−4.3	−8.7	44	O4I
CPD-59 2603	408	41000	−5.2	−9.1	43	O7V
CPD-59 2636	517	38500	−5.2	−8.9	37	O8V
CPD-59 2626	484	41000	−4.8	−8.7	37	O7V
HD 93343	512	41000	−4.7	−8.6	37	O7V
V731 Car	516	37200	−5	−8.6	33	O8.5V
CPD-59 2591	359	38500	−4	−7.7	27	O8V
HD 305518	117	34700	−4.8	−8.2	27	O9.5V

Carina OB1

Trumpler 16 and Trumpler 14 are the most prominent star clusters in, a giant stellar association in the Carina spiral arm. Another cluster within,, is thought to be an extension of appearing visually separated only because of an intervening dust lane. The spectral types of the stars indicate that formed by a single wave of star formation. Because of the extreme luminosity of the stars formed, their stellar winds push away the clouds of dust, similar to the Pleiades. In a few million years, after the brightest stars have exploded as supernovae, the cluster will slowly die away. includes most of the stars in the eastern portion of the association.

Gaia Data Release 2

Gaia Data Release 2 provides parallaxes for many stars considered to be members of Trumpler 16. It finds that the four hottest O-class stars in the region have very similar parallaxes with a mean value of. Many of the other supposed members show significantly different parallaxes and may be foreground or background objects. Therefore, the distance of Trumpler 16 is assumed to be around 2,600 pc, significantly further than the accurately-known distance of η Carinae.