Tropical cyclones in 1996


During 1996, tropical cyclones formed within seven different cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 139 tropical cyclones formed in bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins. 90 of them were named by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Cyclone Daniella, peaking with a pressure of in the open waters of the Indian Ocean. Hurricane Fran and Typhoon Herb tie for the costliest storm of the year, both with a damage cost of $5 billion. The deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was the 1996 Andhra Pradesh cyclone, which was blamed for over 1,000 fatalities as it directly affected the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Five Category 5 tropical cyclones were formed in 1996. The accumulated cyclone energy index for the 1996, as calculated by Colorado State University was 960 units.

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions

The weak La Niña prevailed until the end of the year, which made the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans warmer than usual. Despite the fact that the 1995–96 La Niña was not a powerful occurrence, it recharged much of the ocean heat released from nearly two decades of El Niño events.

Summary


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from:20/06/1996 till:27/06/1996 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Alma
from:27/06/1996 till:01/07/1996 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Boris
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from:05/07/1996 till:18/07/1996 color:NATL text:[Hurricane Hurricane Bertha (1996)|Bertha (1996)|Bertha]
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from:25/12/1996 till:30/12/1996 color:SPAC text:Fergus
from:21/12/1996 till:30/12/1996 color:WPAC text:Fern
from:24/12/1996 till:27/12/1996 color:WPAC text:Greg
from:26/12/1996 till:05/01/1997 color:AUSR
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from:05/01/1997 till:16/01/1997 color:SWIO text:Phil
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color:canvas
from:25/12/1995 till:31/12/1995 text:Dec. '95
from:01/01/1996 till:31/01/1996 text:January
from:01/02/1996 till:28/02/1996 text:February
from:01/03/1996 till:31/03/1996 text:March
from:01/04/1996 till:30/04/1996 text:April
from:01/05/1996 till:31/05/1996 text:May
from:01/06/1996 till:30/06/1996 text:June
from:01/07/1996 till:31/07/1996 text:July
from:01/08/1996 till:31/08/1996 text:August
from:01/09/1996 till:30/09/1996 text:September
from:01/10/1996 till:31/10/1996 text:October
from:01/11/1996 till:30/11/1996 text:November
from:01/12/1996 till:31/12/1996 text:December
from:01/01/1997 till:25/01/1997 text:Jan. '97
TextData =
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text:"This table is based on the"
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text:"tropical cyclone basins"

North Atlantic Ocean

An average Atlantic hurricane season features 12 tropical storms, 6 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes, and features an Accumulated Cyclone Energy count of 106. In the season, all of them were reached, featuring 13 tropical storms, 9 hurricanes, and 6 major hurricanes, with an ACE total of 166. A rare subtropical storm also formed in mid-September, that affected the Northeastern United States and the nearby Eastern Canada.
The season had the most major hurricanes since 1950 and the season's first tropical cyclone, Tropical Storm Arthur, developed on June 17, while the final cyclone, Hurricane Marco dissipated on November 26. The most intense hurricane, Edouard, was a powerful Cape Verde-type hurricane that affected portions of the Mid-Atlantic states and New England. The season featured nine tropical cyclone landfalls, including six hurricanes, one of which was a major hurricane.
The four most notable tropical cyclones of the season were hurricanes Bertha, Cesar, Fran, and [Hurricane Hurricane Hortense (1996)|Hortense (1996)|Hortense]. Bertha made landfall as a Category 2 hurricane on the coast of North Carolina, causing a total of 12 deaths and $335 million in damage. Hurricane Fran made landfall in the same general area a little over a month later as a Category 3 hurricane, causing 37 deaths and $5 billion in damage. Hurricane Cesar developed in the east Caribbean during late-July and crossed Nicaragua into the eastern Pacific as a strong tropical storm several days later, at which time it earned the name Douglas. The system produced strong winds and flooding, leading to 113 deaths and $202.96 million in damage. Finally, Hurricane Hortense formed in the eastern Atlantic during the month of September and crossed Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, causing 39 direct deaths and $158 million in damage. Collectively, the tropical cyclones of the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season caused $6.52 billion in damage and 256 deaths.

Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean

An average Pacific hurricane season features 15 tropical storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes, and features an Accumulated Cyclone Energy count of 132. In the season, the statistics fell below the average list, with 9 tropical storms, 5 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes.
It was a below-average season; however, it recorded a four Pacific hurricanes striking Mexico. In addition, one Atlantic hurricane, Hurricane Cesar, crossed into this zone from the Atlantic Ocean and was renamed Douglas. None of the systems in the eastern north Pacific crossed 140°W and entered the central Pacific. The last time that happened was in the 1979 season.
In the central north Pacific, one tropical depression formed. In addition, a depression crossed the dateline from the western Pacific before dissipating in this basin. None of these two systems reached tropical storm strength. In addition, data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, on September 1, Tropical Depression Rick crossed the International Date Line, entering into CPHC's area of responsibility; however, this storm was not included into CPHC database. The storm eventually became extratropical on September 3 over open waters.
In terms of the number of storms, the season was below average. Despite this, there were a large number of landfalls. Of note is the fact that three tropical cyclones approached close to, or made landfall on, Mexico during a ten-day span from June 23 to July 3. In all, a record-setting four hurricanes struck the coastline.

Western Pacific Ocean

The average typhoon season lasts year-round, with the majority of the storms forming between May and October. An average Pacific typhoon season features 26 tropical storms, 16 typhoons, and 9 super typhoons. It also features an average Accumulated Cyclone Energy count of approximately 294; the basin is typically the most active basin for tropical cyclone formation. The statistics were reached, except the number of super typhoons, which fell below the list. The season featured 30 tropical storms, 16 typhoons, and 6 super typhoons. The first tropical depression formed on January 12 and the last storm dissipated on December 27.
The strongest and the deadliest typhoon of the year was Typhoon Herb, which also became the largest, and the fourth-wettest tropical cyclone to affect Taiwan. It killed over 284 people and left $5 billion worth of damages as it affected the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, and China as a super typhoon. Frankie left 104 deaths as it passed near Vietnam. Marty formed over southern China and resulted in the deaths of 125 people as it affected the same country.
During most of the year, sea surface temperatures were moderately below normal near the equator, and were highest around 160° E from August to October, due to the prevailing La Niña. Overall, there were 30 named storms in the basin in 1996, which was slightly above the norm of 27. A total of 15 of the 30 storms became typhoons.

North Indian Ocean

The 1996 North Indian Ocean cyclone season featured several deadly tropical cyclones, with over 2,000 people killed during the year. It was a slightly average season, featuring nine tropical cyclones, five cyclonic storms, four severe cyclonic storms, two very severe cyclonic storms; however, it has no super cyclonic storm.
The first system originated on May 7 in the Bay of Bengal, which is the body of water east of India; the storm developed in tandem with a storm in the southern hemisphere, and ultimately struck Bangladesh. Three storms formed in June. The first struck Oman and later caused devastating flooding in Yemen, killing 338 people and causing $1.2 billion in damage. The other two storms struck opposite sides of India, collectively resulting in 226 deaths after causing widespread flooding. After a brief land depression in July and a weak depression in early October, the season featured four notable cyclones beginning in late October. A low-pressure area moved across southern India, killing 388 people before taking an unusual track in the Arabian Sea. At the end of October, a deep depression killed 14 people in Bangladesh. The strongest cyclone of the season was also the deadliest, killing 1,077 people when it struck Andhra Pradesh in early November. The final storm of the season executed a rare loop in the Bay of Bengal before weakening and striking southern India in early December, killing seven.

South-West Indian Ocean

January–June

The 1995–96 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a moderately active season that included Cyclone Bonita, which was the first known tropical cyclone to cross from the southern Indian Ocean into the southern Atlantic Ocean. The tropical activity lasted for about six months from the middle of November 1995 to early May 1996. The first storm, Intense Tropical Cyclone Agnielle, formed in the adjacent Australian basin on November 16 and later reached peak winds in the south-west Indian Ocean. The next named storm after Agnielle was Bonita, which formed in early January and killed 42 people. The basin was most active in February, with two tropical cyclones, or the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, as well as a severe tropical storm. The first of these three was Doloresse, which killed 67 people due to a shipwreck in the Comoros. The next storm was Cyclone Edwige, which caused heavy crop damage on Mauritius before looping along the east coast of Madagascar. In March, both Cyclone Flossy and Tropical Storm Guylianne passed near the Mascarene Islands, producing heavy rainfall and gusty winds.
Tropical activity continued through April and May, with two tropical cyclones in the former month. In early April, Tropical Cyclone Hansella moved over the island of Rodrigues, dropping more rainfall in 24 hours than the average monthly total. Later, Itelle became a rare April intense tropical cyclone but weakened before it approached St. Brandon island. The final storm of the season, Jenna, formed in the Australian region, briefly intensified into a minimal tropical storm in the south-west Indian Ocean, and proceeded to exit the basin on May 4 to end the season. In addition to the named storms, several tropical depressions were tracked, one of which in December dropped heavy rainfall on Réunion.

July–December

On August 16, a tropical disturbance started the season, an unusual start. It remained below tropical depression intensity before dissipating on August 19. Not a month later, on September 6, a tropical disturbance formed from a trough near the Chagos Archipelago, with the MFR classifying the system as Tropical Disturbance A2. Located in an unfavourable environment, the storm possessed gale-force winds before dissipating on September 10. Antoinette formed on October 10, passing near the northern Madagascar before weakening. Bellamine and Chantelle developed in the month of November, with the former crossing the basin from the Australian region as Tropical Cyclone Melanie before it was renamed. Daniella and Evrina formed in the month of December, with the latter becoming the strongest tropical cyclone of the year.

Australian region

January–June

The 1995–96 Australian region cyclone season was an active Australian cyclone season, with Western Australia experiencing a record number of landfalling intense storms in the Pilbara region. The season produced a total of 19 tropical cyclones, of which 14 developed into named storms and 9 reached severe tropical cyclone status. The strongest of the season was Severe Tropical Cyclone Olivia, which also produced the highest recorded wind gust on record of. Though several systems impacted land, the general sparsity of population centres in Australia limits the scale of damage. One person was confirmed to have been killed and cumulative losses were estimated at A$77 million.

July–December

On July 9, a tropical low formed near the Cocos Islands, starting the season. It soon strengthened to Tropical Cyclone Lindsay before weakening and dissipating on July 13. Three months later, Cyclone Melanie formed near the Cocos (Keeling) Islands before crossing into the nearby South-West Indian Ocean basin, where it was renamed Bellamine. Nicholas, Ophelia, Fergus and Phil all developed on the month of December.

South Pacific Ocean

January–June

The 1995–96 South Pacific cyclone season was one of the least active South Pacific tropical cyclone season's on record, with only four tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific Ocean to the east of 160°E.
The first storm developed on January 12, while the last one dissipated on April 2. During the season the most intense tropical cyclone was Severe Tropical Cyclone Beti, which reached a minimum pressure of as it affected New Caledonia. After the season ended Beti's name was the only name to be retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists and was replaced with Bune, after it inflicted over US$5.6 million worth of damage to Australia, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and New Zealand.

July–December

Cyril started the season as a tropical low on November 23. It soon strikes New Caledonia, causing unknown damage. Fergus from the adjacent Australian region entered the basin on December 20, with the cyclone rapidly intensifying to a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone before dissipating on December 30.

South Atlantic Ocean

According to the Zambia Meteorological Department, Cyclone Bonita moved off the coast of Angola and entered the South Atlantic Ocean on January 19, 1996. By the next day, the system had succumbed to cold waters and days of land interaction, dissipating completely. It was the first tropical cyclone known to have traversed southern Africa from the South-West Indian Ocean to the South Atlantic.

Mediterranean Sea

Three notable medicanes developed in the month of September. The first, in mid-September 1996, was a typical Mediterranean tropical cyclone that developed in the Balearic Islands region. At the time of the cyclone's formation, a powerful Atlantic cold front and a warm front associated with a large-scale low, producing northeasterly winds over the Iberian peninsula, extended eastward into the Mediterranean, while abundant moisture gathered in the lower troposphere over the Balearic channel. On the morning of 12 September, a disturbance developed off of Valencia, Spain, dropping heavy rainfall on the coast even without coming ashore. An eye developed shortly thereafter as the system rapidly traversed across Majorca and Sardinia in its eastward trek. It made landfall upon the coast of southern Italy on the evening of 13 September with a minimum atmospheric pressure of, dissipating shortly after coming ashore, with a diameter of about.
The second of the three recorded Mediterranean tropical cyclones in 1996 formed between Sicily and Tunisia on 4 October, making landfall on both Sicily and southern Italy. The medicane generated major flooding in Sicily. In Calabria, wind gusts of up to were reported in addition to severe inundation.
The third major Mediterranean tropical cyclone of that year formed north of Algeria, and strengthened while sweeping between the Balearic Islands and Sardinia, with an eye-like feature prominent on satellite. The storm was unofficially named Cornelia. The eye of the storm was distorted and disappeared after transiting over southern Sardinia throughout the evening of 8 October, with the system weakening as a whole. On the morning of October 9, a smaller eye emerged as the system passed over the Tyrrhenian Sea, gradually strengthening, with reports from the storm's center reporting winds of. Extreme damage was reported in the Aeolian Islands after the tropical cyclone passed north of Sicily, though the system dissipated while turning southward over Calabria. Overall, the lowest estimated atmospheric pressure in the third medicane was. Both October systems featured distinctive spiral bands, intense convection, high sustained winds, and abundant precipitation.
A medicane was observed from 10 to 13 December.

Systems

January

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
BonitaJanuary 3–15185 920Madagascar, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, AngolaUnknown> 42
BarryJanuary 4–7185 950Northern Territory, QueenslandUnknown-
Hubert–CorynaJanuary 7–12150 955---
YasiJanuary 12–1985 987Fiji, TongaMinor-
TDJanuary 121008Philippines--
CelesteJanuary 26–29130 965Queensland-1
IsobelJanuary 27 – February 165 995Northern Territory--
JacobJanuary 27 – February 8155 955Northern Territory, Western AustraliaUnknownUnknown

February

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
12SFebruary 5 – 1065 997---
TLFebruary 8 – 1155 997---
DoloresseFebruary 12 – 2095 977Comoros, Madagascar, MozambiqueUnknown> 67
TDFebruary 12 – 141002---
TLFebruary 14 – 1755 996---
DennisFebruary 15 – 1875 990Papua New Guinea, QueenslandUnknownUnknown
EdwigeFebruary 19 – 29150 945Mascarene Islands, MadagascarMinorUnknown
TDFebruary 22 – 24FijiMinor-
[Cyclone Cyclone Flossy (1996)|Flossy (1996)|Flossy]February 25 – March 6150 945Réunion--
01W (Asiang)February 28 – March 165 998Philippines--

March

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
KirstyMarch 7–14185 935Western AustraliaUnknownUnknown
EthelMarch 8–13110 980Queensland, Northern Territory$57 millionUnknown
ZakaMarch 9–1165 995New CaledoniaMinor-
AtuMarch 10–1385 987New CaledoniaMinor-
GuylianneMarch 17–2565 992Mauritius--
BetiMarch 21–28165 935Australia, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New Zealand$5.3 million2

April

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
Ann (Biring)April 1 – 1065 1000Caroline Islands, Philippines--
HansellaApril 2 – 10120 962Mascarene Islands--
OliviaApril 3 – 12195 925Western Australia, Northern Territory> $47.5 million-
ItelleApril 6 – 19175 925Mascarene Islands--
27SApril 12 – 1955 1000---
03WApril 25 – 2645 1004Borneo--
JennaApril 30 – May 695 984---
TLApril 30 – May 555 997---

May

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
BOB 01May 7 – 855 1000Bangladesh, Myanmar, IndiaUnknown1
Bart (Konsing)May 8 – 18175 930Philippines, Guam, Mariana Islands--
One-EMay 13 – 1685 1000---
Two-EMay 15 – 1955 1006-Nonme-
Cam (Ditang)May 18 – 2475 994Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands--

June

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
02AJune 11–1275 994Oman, Yemen, Somalia$1.2 billion341
BOB 02June 12–1685 992India$23.5 million179
TDJune 13–151004South China--
ArthurJune 16–2175 1004North Carolina$1 million-
ARB 01June 17–20110 972India$5.6 million47
AlmaJune 20–27165 969MexicoUnknown26
BorisJune 27 – July 1150 979MexicoUnknown10

July

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
CristinaJuly 1–3110 991Central America, MexicoUnknown13
Six-EJuly 4–655 1003---
DanJuly 5–12120 970Japan, Kamchatka PeninsulaUnknown-
BerthaJuly 5–14185 960Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic States, New England$335 million12
LindsayJuly 9–1375 990---
EveJuly 13–24155 940Japan, Ryukyu IslandsUnknown-
Frankie (Edeng)July 20–2595 975China, Vietnam$200 million104
Gloria (Gloring)July 21–28120 965Philippines, Taiwan, China$20 million23
Herb (Huaning)July 21 – August 3175 925Ryūkyū Islands, Taiwan, People's Republic of China$5 billion284
CesarJuly 24–28140 985Colombia, Central America, Mexico$203 million113
DouglasJuly 28 – August 6215 946Mexico, Baja California Sur--
LAND 01July 26–2845 India--
IanJuly 28–2975 1002Mariana Islands--
JoyJuly 29 – August 6100 980---
TDJuly 311004Caroline Islands--

August

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
TDAugust 2–3998South China--
Kirk (Isang)August 3–15140 955Ryukyu Islands, JapanUnknown2
LisaAugust 5–955 996China--
TDAugust 71002---
15WAugust 12–1655 998---
TDAugust 121002South China--
MartyAugust 12–1695 998South China, Vietnam$198 million125
17WAugust 14–1655 1008---
A1August 16–1955 ---
Niki (Lusing)August 17–23120 970Philippines, Vietnam, South China$65 millionUnknown
TDAugust 171008---
DollyAugust 19–25130 989Belize, Mexico, TexasUnknown14
EdouardAugust 19 – September 3230 933Mid-Atlantic States, New England, Atlantic Canada$20 million2
OrsonAugust 20 – September 3140 955---
TDAugust 21–221008---
PiperAugust 22–2675 996---
FranAugust 23 – September 8195 946South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania$5 billion22
TDAugust 25–261008---
GustavAugust 26 – September 275 1002---
21WAugust 26–2745 1008---
RickAugust 28 – September 265 1004---
ElidaAugust 30 – September 665 994Baja California PeninsulaUnknown6

September

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
Sally (Maring)September 2–9150 940Philippines, China, Vietnam$1.5 billion140
HortenseSeptember 3–15220 935Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Turks and Caicos Islands, Atlantic Canada$158 million39
A2September 6–1065 ---
24W (Ningning)September 10–1485 996Philippines, South China, Vietnam--
FaustoSeptember 10–14195 955Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, Baja California Peninsula, Southwestern United States$800 thousand1
Violet (Osang)September 11–23165 935Ryukyu Islands, JapanUnknownUnknown
UnnamedSeptember 11–13Unknown990Spain, Balearic Islands, ItalyUnknownUnknown
TomSeptember 12–20130 965---
WillieSeptember 15–23100 985South China, VietnamUnknown38
One-CSeptember 15–2055 ---
YatesSeptember 21 – October 1165 935Mariana Islands--
Zane (Paring)September 23 – October 3150 950Ryukyu Islands, Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands--
IsidoreSeptember 24 – October 1185 960---
GenevieveSeptember 27 – October 985 999---
HernanSeptember 30 – October 4140 980Mexico, TexasUnknown1

October

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
BOB 03October 1–345 IndiaUnknown22
JosephineOctober 4–8110 981Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada$130 million3
UnnamedOctober 4–6> 108 ItalyUnknown-
CorneliaOctober 6–11> 90 998Algeria, Balearic Islands, Italy, Aeolian IslandsUnknownUnknown
Abel (Reming)October 10–1795 1002Philippines, Vietnam$4.3 million8
KyleOctober 11–1285 1001Central America, MexicoMinimal-
Beth (Seniang)October 11–22110 975Philippines, VietnamUnknown1
LiliOctober 14–27185 960Central America, Cuba, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, Ireland, Great Britain$662 million22
31WOctober 15–1645 1006Mariana Islands--
AntoinetteOctober 15–21120 965---
CarloOctober 20–26130 965Mariana Islands--
ARB 02October 22–28110 976Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat$128.5 million388
34WOctober 24–3055 1000Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Borneo--
BOB 04October 27–2955 991India, BangladeshUnknown19
Melanie–BellamineOctober 28 – November 11175 925---

November

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
35WNovember 1–375 998Philippines, Vietnam, Laos$138 million60
Dale (Ulpiang)November 3–13165 930Guam, Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands$3.5 million-
ARB 02November 4–7145 988India$602 million1077
Ernie (Toyang)November 4–1675 992Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand$5.1 million24
38WNovember 5–865 1000---
Twelve-ENovember 7–1155 1003---
39WNovember 7–855 1006Philippines, Taiwan--
MarcoNovember 16–26120 983Cuba, Hispaniola, Central America, Jamaica, Florida$8.2 million15
ChantelleNovember 23–3095 980---
CyrilNovember 23–2685 987New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, VanuatuUnknownUnknown
40WNovember 24–2645 1002Mariana Islands, Philippines--
BOB 06November 27 – December 7120 967Andaman and Nicobar Islands, IndiaUnknown7

December

Storm nameDates activeMax wind
km/h
Pressure
Areas affectedDamage
DeathsRefs
DaniellaDecember 2–10185 915Mascarene IslandsUnknown3
ElvinaDecember 8–1685 985---
UnnamedDecember 10–13--
NicholasDecember 12–1585 985Western Australia, TimorUnknownUnknown
OpheliaDecember 13–19100 980Christmas Islands--
41WDecember 14–2055 1000Borneo, Malaysia, Singapore--
FergusDecember 20–30150 955Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, New Zealand$2 million-
FernDecember 21–30110 975Yap$3 million-
GregDecember 24–2785 1002Philippines, Borneo$280 million127
PhilDecember 26 – January 16110 975Northern Territory, Western AustraliaUnknownUnknown

Global effects

There are a total of nine tropical cyclone basins, seven are seasonal and two are non-seasonal, thus all eight basins except the Mediterranean are active. In this table, data from all these basins are added.