Timeline of Madrid
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Madrid, Spain.
Prior to 17th century
- Prehistory: Quaternary period or Lower Paleolithic – First archaeological signs of human occupation
- Roman period: mansion or staging-post established
- 5th century AD – archaeological remains reported in 2007 indicate Visigoth occupation
- 9th century – Muhammad I of Córdoba ordered the construction of an Alcazar
- 1085 – Alfonso VI of León and Castile takes the city in the Reconquista.
- 1339 – Treaty of Madrid secures collaboration between Aragon and Castile
- 1499 –
- *Cardinal Cisneros founded the Complutense University.
- *Fernando de Rojas publishes La Celestina in Madrid
- 1500 – Printing press in operation.
- 1505 – San Jerónimo el Real built.
- 1526 – Treaty of Madrid signed.
- 1537 – Casa de Cisneros built.
- 1547 – Birth of Miguel de Cervantes, later a Spanish writer.
- 1559 – Convent of Las Descalzas Reales founded.
- 1561
- * Court of Philip II moves from Toledo to Madrid.
- * Population: 20,000.
- 1562 – Anton van den Wyngaerde draws a.
- 1584 – Bridge of Segovia built.
17th century
- 1601 – Court of Philip III moves from Madrid to Valladolid.
- 1605 – Cervantes' novel Don Quixote published.
- 1606 – Court of Philip III returns to Madrid.
- 1613 – Palace of the Councils built.
- 1616 – Real Monasterio de la Encarnación inaugurated.
- 1619 – Plaza Mayor laid out; Casa de la Panadería built.
- 1633 – Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes built.
- 1636 – Royal Alcazar built.
- 1637 – Buen Retiro Palace built.
- 1643 – Palacio de Santa Cruz built.
- 1644 – Funeral of Isabel de Borbón.
- 1661 – Gazeta de Madrid begins publication.
- 1664 – San Isidro Church built.
- 1672 – Premiere of Guevara-Hidalgo's zarzuela Celos Hacen Estrellas.
18th century
- 1706 – City occupied by Portuguese.
- 1713 – Royal Spanish Academy founded.
- 1714 – Real Biblioteca del Palacio formed.
- 1734 – Royal Alcazar burns down.
- 1737 – Real Colegio de Profesores Boticarios established.
- 1738 – Real Academia de la Historia founded.
- 1743 – Teatro de la Cruz renovated.
- 1751 – Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas headquartered in Madrid.
- 1752 – Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando founded.
- 1755 – Real Jardín Botánico founded.
- 1756 – built.
- 1766 – Esquilache Riots.
- 1767 – Buen Retiro Park opens.
- 1774 – opens.
- 1778 – Puerta de Alcalá inaugurated.
- 1782 – built on Plaza de Cibeles.
- 1784 – San Francisco el Grande Basilica built.
- 1790 – Plaza Mayor reconstructed.
- 1798 – Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida built. Population: 170,000
19th century
- 1808 – Dos de Mayo Uprising.
- 1812 – Wellington takes city from the French.
- 1817 – Moncloa Porcelain Factory in operation.
- 1819 – Museo del Prado established.
- 1830
- * Royal Conservatory of Music founded.
- * creates a scale model of the city.
- 1831 – Bolsa de Madrid founded.
- 1832 – Lhardy patisserie in business.
- 1835 – Ateneo de Madrid founded.
- 1836
- * Biblioteca Nacional established.
- * Literary University relocates to Madrid.
- 1840 – Monumento a los Caidos por España inaugurated.
- 1843 – Museo Naval de Madrid inaugurated.
- 1850 – Teatro Real opera house opens.
- 1851 – Estación de Mediodía inaugurated.
- 1856
- * Teatro de la Zarzuela opens.
- * founded.
- 1864 – Hotel Paris opens.
- 1866 – Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid founded.
- 1867 – National Archaeological Museum of Spain established.
- 1868 – City walls dismantled.
- 1869 – Jardín Zoológico established.
- 1874 – Bull ring constructed on Plaza de Toros.
- 1875 – Museo Nacional de Antropología inaugurated.
- 1877 – Population: 397,816.
- 1884 – Cementerio de la Almudena established.
- 1885
- * Roman Catholic diocese of Madrid established.
- * Theatre of María Guerrero built.
- 1887
- * Café Comercial in business.
- * Palacio de Cristal built.
- * Population: 472,228.
- 1888 – Café Gijón opens.
- 1891 – Bank of Spain Building completed.
- 1892 – Historical American Exposition held.
- 1893 – Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre formed.
- 1900 – Population: 539,835.
20th century
- 1902 – Real Madrid C.F. founded.
- 1903 – Madrid Symphony Orchestra formed.
- 1905 – Parque del Oeste inaugurated.
- 1909 – Cibeles Palace built.
- 1910
- * Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales established.
- * Residencia de Estudiantes founded.
- 1911
- * Cuatro Vientos Airport opens.
- * Metropolis Building inaugurated.
- 1912 – Hotel Palace opens.
- 1916 – Market of San Miguel constructed.
- 1919 – Metro begins operating.
- 1920 – Population: 750,896.
- 1922 – Monument to Alfonso XII inaugurated.
- 1923 – Teatro Monumental built.
- 1924
- * Line 2 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
- * Hotel Florida opens.
- * National Museum of Romanticism inaugurated.
- 1925 – Teatro Pavón opens.
- 1928 – Catholic Opus Dei founded.
- 1929
- * Gran Vía constructed.
- * opens.
- 1930
- * Teatro Munoz Seca opens.
- * built.
- 1931
- * City designated capital of Spanish Republic.
- * Madrid-Barajas Airport begins operating.
- * Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain) headquartered in Madrid.
- 1932 – Museo Sorolla and Cine Proyecciones inaugurated.
- 1934 – Museum of the Spanish Village formed.
- 1935 – House-Museum of Lope de Vega and Cine Madrid-Paris open.
- 1936
- * November: Siege of Madrid begins.
- * Line 3 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
- 1939
- * March: Siege of Madrid ends; Nationalists in power.
- * Capital of Spanish State relocated to Madrid from Burgos.
- 1940
- * Spanish National Orchestra founded.
- * Population: 1,088,647.
- 1941 – Museum of the Americas founded.
- 1944
- * Carabanchel Prison built.
- * Museum Cerralbo opens.
- * Line 4 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
- 1946 – Estadio Santiago Bernabéu opens.
- 1949 – Cine Pompeya opens.
- 1950 – Lope de Vega Theater opens.
- 1951 – Museum of Lázaro Galdiano opens.
- 1954 – Cine Benlliure opens.
- 1956 – Real Madrid wins first European Cup.
- 1960 – Population: 2,259,931.
- 1965 – RTVE Symphony Orchestra formed.
- 1966 – Estadio Vicente Calderón opens.
- 1967 – City flag design adopted.
- 1968
- * Autonomous University of Madrid established.
- * Line 5 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
- 1969 – Comillas Pontifical University relocates to Madrid.
- 1970 – Population: 3,146,071.
- 1971 – Technical University of Madrid formed.
- 1972
- * Zoo Aquarium built.
- * Temple of Debod installed.
- 1973 – Operación Ogro.
- 1974 – Line 7 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
- 1975 – Dictator Francisco Franco dies in Madrid. Spanish transition to democracy begins.
- 1976 – Torres de Colón built.
- 1977 – Massacre of Atocha.
- 1978
- * Sabatini Gardens open.
- * Centro Dramático Nacional created.
- 1979
- * Enrique Tierno Galván becomes the first mayor of Madrid elected after the restoration of democracy in Spain.
- * Line 6 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
- * Windsor Tower built.
- 1980
- * La Movida Madrileña begins.
- * Line 9 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
- 1981
- * An attempted coup d'état takes place in the Congress of Deputies on 23 February.
- * Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica founded.
- 1982 – City hosts part of the matches of the 1982 FIFA World Cup, including the final, won by Italy.
- 1983
- * November: Avianca Flight 011 accident.
- * December: Alcalá 20 nightclub fire.
- 1984 – Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra formed.
- 1987 – Community of Madrid Orchestra founded.
- 1988 – National Auditorium of Music inaugurated.
- 1989 – El Mundo begins publication.
- 1990 – in business.
- 1991
- * City hosts Israeli–Palestinian peace conference.
- * Population: 2,984,576.
- 1992
- * Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum open.
- * Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía and Juan Carlos I Park established.
- 1993 – Almudena Cathedral consecrated.
- 1994 – Festimad music festival begins.
- 1996 – Gate of Europe and Islamic Cultural Center of Madrid built.
- 1997 – Teatro Real reopens.
- 1998 – Line 8 (Madrid Metro) and Line 11 (Madrid Metro) begin operating.
21st century
- 2001 – City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.
- 2002 – Madrid Arena opens.
- 2003
- * Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón becomes the new mayor, succeeding José María Álvarez del Manzano.
- * Manzanares Park inaugurated.
- * Line 12 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
- 2004
- * March: Train bombings.
- * Museo del Traje established.
- 2005
- * Windsor Tower suffers a major fire and becomes demolished afterwards.
- * June: Demonstration against ETA.
- * Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line begins operating.
- * Forest of Remembrance dedicated.
- * Madrid Ballet established.
- 2006
- * Art Madrid contemporary art fair begins.
- * Teatro Valle-Inclán opens.
- * December: Madrid-Barajas Airport bombing.
- 2007 – Metro Ligero begins operating.
- 2008
- * Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line begins operating.
- * Spanair Flight 5022 crash.
- * Caixa Forum opens.
- * Torre PwC, Torre Caja Madrid, Torre de Cristal, and Torre Espacio built.
- * Saturday Night Fiber music festival held.
- 2009 – Population: 3,264,497.
- 2011
- * 15-M Movement protests.
- * inaugurated.
- * Ana Botella becomes the new City Mayor after Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón resigns.
- 2012
- * May: Economic protest.
- * November: Anti-austerity protests.
- 2013 – September: 4th bid for the Summer Olympic Games fails.
- 2014 – After the death of former prime minister Adolfo Suárez, Madrid–Barajas Airport is renamed to Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas.
- 2015
- * March: inaugurated.
- * May: City Council election held; Manuela Carmena elected mayor.
- 2019
- * June: José Luis Martínez-Almeida elected mayor.
- 2021
- * January: Storm Filomena covers Madrid with snow, in a historic snowfall.
- * January: an explosion in a building kills 4 people and wounds 10 other.
- 2024
- * November: Madrid hosts the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2024, won by Andria Putkaradze from Georgia with the song To My Mom.
Evolution of the Madrid map
in English
;Published in the 18th-19th century;Published in the 20th century
;Published in the 21st century
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