Timeline of Madrid

Prior to 17th century

• Prehistory: Quaternary period or Lower Paleolithic – First archaeological signs of human occupation
• Roman period: mansion or staging-post established
• 5th century AD – archaeological remains reported in 2007 indicate Visigoth occupation
• 9th century – Muhammad I of Córdoba ordered the construction of an Alcazar
• 1085 – Alfonso VI of León and Castile takes the city in the Reconquista.
• 1339 – Treaty of Madrid secures collaboration between Aragon and Castile
• 1499 –
• *Cardinal Cisneros founded the Complutense University.
• *Fernando de Rojas publishes La Celestina in Madrid
• 1500 – Printing press in operation.
• 1505 – San Jerónimo el Real built.
• 1526 – Treaty of Madrid signed.
• 1537 – Casa de Cisneros built.
• 1547 – Birth of Miguel de Cervantes, later a Spanish writer.
• 1559 – Convent of Las Descalzas Reales founded.
• 1561
• * Court of Philip II moves from Toledo to Madrid.
• * Population: 20,000.
• 1562 – Anton van den Wyngaerde draws a.
• 1584 – Bridge of Segovia built.

17th century

• 1601 – Court of Philip III moves from Madrid to Valladolid.
• 1605 – Cervantes' novel Don Quixote published.
• 1606 – Court of Philip III returns to Madrid.
• 1613 – Palace of the Councils built.
• 1616 – Real Monasterio de la Encarnación inaugurated.
• 1619 – Plaza Mayor laid out; Casa de la Panadería built.
• 1633 – Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes built.
• 1636 – Royal Alcazar built.
• 1637 – Buen Retiro Palace built.
• 1643 – Palacio de Santa Cruz built.
• 1644 – Funeral of Isabel de Borbón.
• 1661 – Gazeta de Madrid begins publication.
• 1664 – San Isidro Church built.
• 1672 – Premiere of Guevara-Hidalgo's zarzuela Celos Hacen Estrellas.

18th century

• 1706 – City occupied by Portuguese.
• 1713 – Royal Spanish Academy founded.
• 1714 – Real Biblioteca del Palacio formed.
• 1734 – Royal Alcazar burns down.
• 1737 – Real Colegio de Profesores Boticarios established.
• 1738 – Real Academia de la Historia founded.
• 1743 – Teatro de la Cruz renovated.
• 1751 – Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas headquartered in Madrid.
• 1752 – Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando founded.
• 1755 – Real Jardín Botánico founded.
• 1756 – built.
• 1766 – Esquilache Riots.
• 1767 – Buen Retiro Park opens.
• 1774 – opens.
• 1778 – Puerta de Alcalá inaugurated.
• 1782 – built on Plaza de Cibeles.
• 1784 – San Francisco el Grande Basilica built.
• 1790 – Plaza Mayor reconstructed.
• 1798 – Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida built. Population: 170,000

19th century

• 1808 – Dos de Mayo Uprising.
• 1812 – Wellington takes city from the French.
• 1817 – Moncloa Porcelain Factory in operation.
• 1819 – Museo del Prado established.
• 1830
• * Royal Conservatory of Music founded.
• * creates a scale model of the city.
• 1831 – Bolsa de Madrid founded.
• 1832 – Lhardy patisserie in business.
• 1835 – Ateneo de Madrid founded.
• 1836
• * Biblioteca Nacional established.
• * Literary University relocates to Madrid.
• 1840 – Monumento a los Caidos por España inaugurated.
• 1843 – Museo Naval de Madrid inaugurated.
• 1850 – Teatro Real opera house opens.
• 1851 – Estación de Mediodía inaugurated.
• 1856
• * Teatro de la Zarzuela opens.
• * founded.
• 1864 – Hotel Paris opens.
• 1866 – Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid founded.
• 1867 – National Archaeological Museum of Spain established.
• 1868 – City walls dismantled.
• 1869 – Jardín Zoológico established.
• 1874 – Bull ring constructed on Plaza de Toros.
• 1875 – Museo Nacional de Antropología inaugurated.
• 1877 – Population: 397,816.
• 1884 – Cementerio de la Almudena established.
• 1885
• * Roman Catholic diocese of Madrid established.
• * Theatre of María Guerrero built.
• 1887
• * Café Comercial in business.
• * Palacio de Cristal built.
• * Population: 472,228.
• 1888 – Café Gijón opens.
• 1891 – Bank of Spain Building completed.
• 1892 – Historical American Exposition held.
• 1893 – Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre formed.
• 1900 – Population: 539,835.

20th century

• 1902 – Real Madrid C.F. founded.
• 1903 – Madrid Symphony Orchestra formed.
• 1905 – Parque del Oeste inaugurated.
• 1909 – Cibeles Palace built.
• 1910
• * Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales established.
• * Residencia de Estudiantes founded.
• 1911
• * Cuatro Vientos Airport opens.
• * Metropolis Building inaugurated.
• 1912 – Hotel Palace opens.
• 1916 – Market of San Miguel constructed.
• 1919 – Metro begins operating.
• 1920 – Population: 750,896.
• 1922 – Monument to Alfonso XII inaugurated.
• 1923 – Teatro Monumental built.
• 1924
• * Line 2 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• * Hotel Florida opens.
• * National Museum of Romanticism inaugurated.
• 1925 – Teatro Pavón opens.
• 1928 – Catholic Opus Dei founded.
• 1929
• * Gran Vía constructed.
• * opens.
• 1930
• * Teatro Munoz Seca opens.
• * built.
• 1931
• * City designated capital of Spanish Republic.
• * Madrid-Barajas Airport begins operating.
• * Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain) headquartered in Madrid.
• 1932 – Museo Sorolla and Cine Proyecciones inaugurated.
• 1934 – Museum of the Spanish Village formed.
• 1935 – House-Museum of Lope de Vega and Cine Madrid-Paris open.
• 1936
• * November: Siege of Madrid begins.
• * Line 3 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1939
• * March: Siege of Madrid ends; Nationalists in power.
• * Capital of Spanish State relocated to Madrid from Burgos.
• 1940
• * Spanish National Orchestra founded.
• * Population: 1,088,647.
• 1941 – Museum of the Americas founded.
• 1944
• * Carabanchel Prison built.
• * Museum Cerralbo opens.
• * Line 4 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1946 – Estadio Santiago Bernabéu opens.
• 1949 – Cine Pompeya opens.
• 1950 – Lope de Vega Theater opens.
• 1951 – Museum of Lázaro Galdiano opens.
• 1954 – Cine Benlliure opens.
• 1956 – Real Madrid wins first European Cup.
• 1960 – Population: 2,259,931.
• 1965 – RTVE Symphony Orchestra formed.
• 1966 – Estadio Vicente Calderón opens.
• 1967 – City flag design adopted.
• 1968
• * Autonomous University of Madrid established.
• * Line 5 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1969 – Comillas Pontifical University relocates to Madrid.
• 1970 – Population: 3,146,071.
• 1971 – Technical University of Madrid formed.
• 1972
• * Zoo Aquarium built.
• * Temple of Debod installed.
• 1973 – Operación Ogro.
• 1974 – Line 7 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1975 – Dictator Francisco Franco dies in Madrid. Spanish transition to democracy begins.
• 1976 – Torres de Colón built.
• 1977 – Massacre of Atocha.
• 1978
• * Sabatini Gardens open.
• * Centro Dramático Nacional created.
• 1979
• * Enrique Tierno Galván becomes the first mayor of Madrid elected after the restoration of democracy in Spain.
• * Line 6 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• * Windsor Tower built.
• 1980
• * La Movida Madrileña begins.
• * Line 9 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1981
• * An attempted coup d'état takes place in the Congress of Deputies on 23 February.
• * Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica founded.
• 1982 – City hosts part of the matches of the 1982 FIFA World Cup, including the final, won by Italy.
• 1983
• * November: Avianca Flight 011 accident.
• * December: Alcalá 20 nightclub fire.
• 1984 – Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra formed.
• 1987 – Community of Madrid Orchestra founded.
• 1988 – National Auditorium of Music inaugurated.
• 1989 – El Mundo begins publication.
• 1990 – in business.
• 1991
• * City hosts Israeli–Palestinian peace conference.
• * Population: 2,984,576.
• 1992
• * Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum open.
• * Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía and Juan Carlos I Park established.
• 1993 – Almudena Cathedral consecrated.
• 1994 – Festimad music festival begins.
• 1996 – Gate of Europe and Islamic Cultural Center of Madrid built.
• 1997 – Teatro Real reopens.
• 1998 – Line 8 (Madrid Metro) and Line 11 (Madrid Metro) begin operating.

21st century

• 2001 – City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.
• 2002 – Madrid Arena opens.
• 2003
• * Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón becomes the new mayor, succeeding José María Álvarez del Manzano.
• * Manzanares Park inaugurated.
• * Line 12 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 2004
• * March: Train bombings.
• * Museo del Traje established.
• 2005
• * Windsor Tower suffers a major fire and becomes demolished afterwards.
• * June: Demonstration against ETA.
• * Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line begins operating.
• * Forest of Remembrance dedicated.
• * Madrid Ballet established.
• 2006
• * Art Madrid contemporary art fair begins.
• * Teatro Valle-Inclán opens.
• * December: Madrid-Barajas Airport bombing.
• 2007 – Metro Ligero begins operating.
• 2008
• * Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line begins operating.
• * Spanair Flight 5022 crash.
• * Caixa Forum opens.
• * Torre PwC, Torre Caja Madrid, Torre de Cristal, and Torre Espacio built.
• * Saturday Night Fiber music festival held.
• 2009 – Population: 3,264,497.
• 2011
• * 15-M Movement protests.
• * inaugurated.
• * Ana Botella becomes the new City Mayor after Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón resigns.
• 2012
• * May: Economic protest.
• * November: Anti-austerity protests.
• 2013 – September: 4th bid for the Summer Olympic Games fails.
• 2014 – After the death of former prime minister Adolfo Suárez, Madrid–Barajas Airport is renamed to Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas.
• 2015
• * March: inaugurated.
• * May: City Council election held; Manuela Carmena elected mayor.
• 2019
• * June: José Luis Martínez-Almeida elected mayor.
• 2021
• * January: Storm Filomena covers Madrid with snow, in a historic snowfall.
• * January: an explosion in a building kills 4 people and wounds 10 other.
• 2024
• * November: Madrid hosts the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2024, won by Andria Putkaradze from Georgia with the song To My Mom.

Evolution of the Madrid map

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