Ti'inik
Ti'inik, also transliterated Ti’innik, or Ta'anakh/'Taanach', is a Palestinian village, located 13 km northwest of the city of Jenin in the northern West Bank.
The village is located on the slopes of an archaeological tell identified with the biblical city of Ta'anach, which has seen intermittent habitation spanning 5000 years.
According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 1,095 inhabitants in mid-year 2006.
History
Just to the north of Ti'inik is a 40-metre-high mound which was the site of the biblical city of Taanach or Tanach, a Levitical city allocated to the Kohathites.Late Bronze Age
Egyptian period
In the Late Bronze, the toponym tꜣꜥnꜣkꜣ was known and the area was part of the Egyptian Empire.Excavations at the tell were carried out by Albert Glock mostly during the 1970s and 1980s. Twelve Akkadian cuneiform tablets were found here. Approximately one third of the names on these tablets are of Hurrian origin, indicating a significant northern ethnic presence.
Iron Age
Tell Ta'annek/Tel Ta'anach. During Iron Age II, Ta'anach was a city in the Kingdom of Israel. Archaeologist William G. Dever estimates the city's population to have ranged between 500 and 1,000 people during the 9th and 8th centuries BCE.Classical & Middle Ages
Roman to Mamluk periods
In Roman, Byzantine and Early Islamic times, the inhabited site was located on the lower slopes rather than the tell itself.Pottery remains from the Roman and Byzantine periods, the "Middle Ages", and the Ottoman period have been found in the area covering the tell and the core of the modern village. The main remains visible today are of an 11th-century Abbasid palace.
Ottoman period
Ti'innik, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517. During the 16th and 17th centuries, Ti'innik belonged to the Turabay Emirate, which encompassed also the Jezreel Valley, Haifa, Jenin, Beit She'an Valley, northern Jabal Nablus, Bilad al-Ruha/Ramot Menashe, and the northern part of the Sharon plain.In the census of 1596, the village appeared as "Ta'inniq", located in the nahiya of Sha'ara in the liwa of Lajjun. It had a population of 13 households, all Muslim. They paid taxes on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 7,000 akçe.
Modern Age
In 1838, Ta'annuk was noted as a Muslim village in the Jenin district; It only contained a few families, but was said to have been much larger, and to contain ruins.In 1870 Victor Guérin found that the village consisted of ten houses. He further described it as: 'Once the southern sides and the whole upper plateau of the oblong hill on which the village stands were covered with buildings, as is proved by the innumerable fragments of pottery scattered on the soil, and the materials of every kind which are met with at every step: the larger stones have been carried away elsewhere. Below the village is a little mosque, which passes for an ancient Christian church. It lies, in fact, east and west, and all the stones with which it is built belong to early constructions; some of them are decorated with sculptures. Farther on in the plain are several cisterns cut in the rock, and a well, called Bir Tannuk.
In 1870/1871, an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya of Shafa al-Gharby.
In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described it as "A small village, which stands on the south-east side of the great Tell or mound of the same name at the edge of the plain. It has olives on the south, and wells on the north, and is surrounded with cactus hedges. There is a white dome in the village. The rock on the sides of the Tell is quarried in places, the wells are ancient, and rock-cut tombs occur on the north near the foot of the mound."
By 1917, the village was home to eight family groups residing in 17 single-room houses.
British Mandate
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Ti'inik had a population of 65; all Muslims. In the 1931 census it had 64; still all Muslim, in a total of 15 houses.In the 1945 statistics the population was estimated at 100 Muslims, with 32,263 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. 452 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 31,301 dunams for cereals, while a total of 4 dunams were built-up, urban land.
In addition to agriculture, residents practiced animal husbandry which formed was an important source of income for the town. In 1943, they owned 39 heads of cattle, 4 camels, 14 horses, a mule, 20 donkeys, 168 fowls, and 15 pigeons.
Jordanian period
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Ti'inik came under Jordanian rule.The Jordanian census of 1961 found 246 inhabitants.