Three-peat


In sports, a three-peat is winning three consecutive championships or tournaments. The term, a portmanteau of the words three and repeat, originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the Basketball Association">Basketball at the Summer Olympics">Basketball Association, during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 1988–89 season, having won the previous two NBA finals.

Origin

The Oxford English Dictionary credits an Illinois high school senior, Sharif Ford, with the earliest published use of the word in the March 8, 1989, edition of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Ford's quote uses the term in a sporting context and serves to provide a clear etymology as well:

The Lincoln High Tigers say they want to "three-peat". "You know, kind of like repeat, except doing it for the third time", senior Sharif Ford said.

In a comedic context, the same play on words, additionally incorporating the name "Pete", is known to have been used as early as 1930 on the radio program Empire Builders. The episode of that program broadcast on December 29, 1930, featured a trio of singers dubbed "The Three Visiting Firemen: Pete, Re-Pete, and Three-Pete".

Trademark

The term is a registered trademark owned by Pat Riley, the Lakers' head coach from 1981 to 1990. The original owner and assignor of the underlying THREE-PEAT "mark" was Bijan Khezri, former president of P.d.P. Paperon De Paperoni, a Delaware corporation. Khezri submitted in November 1988 a trademark application for the use of three-peat on shirts, jackets and hats. Around that time, the phrase was being used by members and fans of the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team, of whom Pat Riley was the head coach, regarding the Lakers' quest that season to obtain what would have been a third successive NBA championship. According to Riley, it was Laker player Byron Scott who cited the term in reference to the team's goal for that season.
After Khezri assigned the trademark to Riley, it remained an entity of Riley's company Riles & Co.. In 1989, Riles & Co. successfully registered the trademark under U.S. Registration Number 1552980. The Lakers did not win a third consecutive NBA championship in 1989, but the Chicago Bulls did in 1993, and Riles & Co. collected royalties from sports apparel makers who licensed the phrase for use on merchandise commemorating that accomplishment.
Riles & Co. subsequently obtained additional registrations expanding the trademark to cover many other kinds of merchandise in addition to apparel. The company then went on to reap additional profits by again licensing the phrase to merchandisers when the Bulls again won three consecutive NBA championships from 1996 through 1998, as well as when the New York Yankees won three straight World Series championships from 1998 through 2000 and when the Lakers won three straight NBA championships from 2000 through 2002. It was the Lakers' second three-peat in franchise history and only their first since moving from Minneapolis. As of 2025, the Lakers are the last team of the four major American professional sports to achieve a three-peat. Incidentally, Pat Riley was the head coach of the losing teams that were eliminated by the Bulls during their 1991-93 and 1996-98 three-peats of NBA Championships. Phil Jackson was the head coach of the Bulls for both of these three-peats, and serving in that same capacity for the Lakers when they achieved their second three-peat.
While originating in the United States, the three-peat has been replicated all over the world across different sports. In recent times, Spanish association football club Real Madrid notably became the first club of the modern era to win three consecutive UEFA Champions League titles. The American Rugby club the New England free jacks would become the first team to win three consecutive MLR titles. They would also be the first North American team to complete a three peat since 2002.
The trademark registration for three-peat has been challenged over the years by those who argue that the term has become too generic in its usage for the trademark to continue to be applicable. However, such arguments have yet to succeed, with the registration continuing to be upheld by the United States Patent and Trademark Office as recently as 2001, in the case of Christopher Wade v. Riles & Co. This challenge documented the transfer of assignment from Khezri to Riles & Co., and upheld the validity of the trademark as originally conceived.
In 2005, a group of individuals attempted to trademark the phrase Three-Pete in anticipation of the attempt that year by the USC Trojans football team">USC Trojans baseball">USC Trojans football team to win a third consecutive national championship. The change in spelling was a reference to the team's head coach Pete Carroll. However, the Patent Office ruled that the change in spelling was not dissimilar enough from Riles & Co.'s three-peat, and denied the registration. Later that year, USC fan Kyle Bunch began selling his own "Three-Pete" T-shirts. He discontinued sales once he was notified that he was infringing upon the Riles & Co. trademark.

Three-peats in North American leagues/championships

There have been numerous instances of teams winning three or more consecutive championships in the National Basketball Association, National Hockey League, Major League Baseball, Football League">Football at the Summer Olympics">Football League, and Australian Football League, most of which occurred prior to the advent of the term three-peat.

North America: professional sports

[All-America Football Conference]

[Arena Football League]

[American Hockey League]

[Champ Car World Series]

[Continental Basketball Association]

[ECHL]

[Formula Drift]

[IndyCar Series]

Major Indoor Soccer League">Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992)">Major Indoor Soccer League

[Major League Baseball] ([World Series])

[Major League Rugby] (MLR Championship)

[NASCAR Cup Series]

[National Basketball Association] ([NBA Finals])

[National Football League] (NFL champions">List of NFL champions (1920–1969)">NFL champions)

[National Hockey League] ([Stanley Cup Finals])

[Premier Hockey Federation] ([Isobel Cup])

Women's National Basketball Association

U.S. Open Cup">Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup">U.S. Open Cup

United Football League">United Football League (2024)">United Football League

United States: College Sports

NACDA Director's Cup
NAIA National Football Championship
NAIA National Basketball Championship
NCAA Division I Baseball
  • 1970–1974 USC
NCAA Division I Softball
NCAA Division I Men's Volleyball
NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball
NCAA Division I Football
NCAA Division I Men's Basketball
NCAA Division I Men's Water Polo
  • 2008–2013 USC
NCAA Division I Women's Basketball
NCAA Division I Men's Cross Country
NCAA Division II Women's Basketball
NCAA Division III Women's Basketball
NCAA Division I Women's Soccer
NCAA Division II Football Championship
NCAA Division III Football
U.S. National Collegiate Club Rugby championships

United States: tabletop games

Warhammer 40k American Team Championships
  • Team Happy 2015–2017

United States: marching arts

Three-peats in domestic leagues/championships

Australian Football

Australia

West Australian Football League
AFL

Germany

Australian Football League Germany

American Football

Costa Rica

Costa Rica, American Football 1st Division:

Association Football

Argentina

First Division

Belgium

Belgian Pro League

Brazil

Brazilian Championship

Bulgaria

Bulgarian A PFG

Chile

First Division :

Croatia

Croatian Football League

Denmark

Danish Superliga

Egypt

Egyptian Premier League
Egypt Cup
Egyptian Super Cup

England

English football First Tier
FA Cup
Football League/EFL Cup
FA Charity/Community Shield

Finland

Veikkausliiga

France

Ligue 1

Germany

Bundesliga
DDR-Oberliga

Iran

Persian Gulf League
Iran Super Cup

Iraq

Iraq Stars League
Iraq FA Cup
Umm al-Ma'arik Championship
Iraqi Super Cup
Iraq Central FA Premier League

Israel

Liga Leumit
Israeli Premier League

Italy

Italian Football Championship
Serie A
Coppa Italia

Japan

J1 League

Mexico

Liga MX

Netherlands

Eredivisie

Norway

Tippeligaen

Philippines

National Men's Championship
PFL

Portugal

Primeira Liga

Russia

Russian Football Premier League

Scotland

Scottish football league system first tier
Scottish Cup

Serbia

Serbian SuperLiga

Slovenia

Slovenian PrvaLiga

Spain

La Liga
Copa del Rey
South Africa
South African Premier Division

South Korea

K League 1

Sweden

Allsvenskan

Turkey

Süper Lig

USSR

Soviet Top League

United Arab Emirates

UAE Pro League

Yugoslavia

Yugoslav First League

Baseball

Puerto Rico

Baseball

Japan

Nippon Professional Baseball

South Korea

KBO League

Taiwan

Chinese Professional Baseball League

Basketball

Argentina

Liga Nacional de Básquet

Czech Republic

Czech National Basketball League:

France

LNB Pro A

Germany

Basketball Bundesliga

Iraq

Iraqi Professional Basketball League
Iraqi Basketball Perseverance Cup

Israel

Israeli Basketball Premier League

Italy

Lega Basket Serie A

New Zealand

National Basketball League (Australia)

Philippines

In the Philippines, a similar concept of a grand slam, winning all 3 conferences in sequence in a single season exists. Leagues such as the PBA, PVL, and formerly PBL and MICAA had used this format.
A conventional definition of three peat, winning a conference championship in three or more consecutive seasons, can also be applied:
PBA
PBA D-League

Puerto Rico

BSN basketball

Russia

Russian Basketball Super League 1
Russian Professional Basketball League
VTB United League
Russian Women's Basketball Premier League

Slovenia

Premier A Slovenian Basketball League

Spain

Liga ACB
Spanish Cup
Spanish Super Cup

Switzerland

Swiss Basketball League

Turkey

Basketball Super League

Vietnam

VBA

Canadian Football

Canada

Canadian Rugby Union / Canadian Football League :
Collegiate women's basketball

Cricket

Australia

Queensland Premier Cricket T20

India

Indian cricket's Ranji Trophy

New Zealand

New Zealand cricket's Plunket Shield

Futsal

Brazil

Taça Brasil de Futsal

Iraq

Iraqi Futsal Premier League

Portugal

Campeonato Nacional de Futsal
Taça de Portugal de Futsal
Taça da Liga de Futsal

Russia

Russian Futsal Super League
Russian Futsal Cup

Spain

Primera División de Futsal
Copa de España de Futsal
Copa del Rey de Futsal
Supercopa de España de Futsal

Gaelic football

All-Ireland Senior Football Championship

Handball

Iraq

Iraqi Handball Premier League

Slovenia

Slovenian First League of Handball

Russia

Russian Handball Super League

Spain

Liga ASOBAL
Copa del Rey

Hurling

All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
National Hurling League

Ice Hockey

Australia

Australian Ice Hockey League

USSR

Soviet Championship League

Rugby Union

Australia & New Zealand

Super Rugby (Union)

England

Men's Premiership Rugby
Premiership Women's Rugby
Women's Premiership

Rugby League

Australia & New Zealand

New South Wales Rugby Football League/Australian Rugby League/National Rugby League

England

Northern Rugby Football Union/Northern Rugby Football League/Rugby Football League/Super League

Volleyball

Philippines

PVL

South Korea

V-League

Three-peats in continental and international championships

Olympics

[Summer Olympics]

Athletics
Basketball
Equestrian
Fencing
Field Hockey
Football
Handball
Sailing
Shooting
Swimming
Volleyball
Water polo

[Winter Olympics]

Curling
Ice Hockey
3 Peat 1984-1987-1991 Canada Cup

Chess

[World Chess Championship]s

Unofficial Championships
Pre-FIDE World Championships
FIDE World Championships

[Women's World Chess Championship]s

Athletics

World Athletics Championships

Cricket

Cricket World Cup
ICC Women's T20 World Cup

Cycling

Tour de France
General Classification
Points Classification
Mountains Classification
Young Rider Classification
Team Classification

Darts

BDO World Darts Championship
PDC World Darts Championship
Gary Anderson could have made a three-peat in 2015–2017 but lost 7–3 to Michael van Gerwen in the final of the 2017 World darts championship.
BDO Women's World Darts Championship

Esports

Counter Strike
Counter Strike: Global Offensive
League of Legends
  • 2023 - 2025 T1

Competitive eating

[Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest]

Men

Nathan's Famous Lemonade Chug Contest

Futsal

FIFA Futsal World Cup
UEFA Futsal Championship
Intercontinental Futsal Cup
UEFA Futsal Champions League
South American Futsal Championship / Copa Libertadores de Futsal

Golf

US Open">US Open (golf)">US Open

[The Open Championship]

[PGA Championship]

International rules football

International Rules Series

Motorsports

Formula One World Drivers' Champion

Motorcycling

MotoGP

Motorboat racing

Formula 1 Powerboat World Championship

Rugby

Rugby Union

Women's Rugby World Cup

Rugby League

Rugby League World Cup
Women's Rugby League World Cup

Surfing

IPS World Circuit World Champion
ASP World Tour World Champion
ASP World Tour World Champion

Winter X Games

Winter X Games SuperPipe

Tennis

[Davis Cup]

  • 1903–1906 British Isles
  • 1907–1911
  • 1920–1926 United States
  • 1927–1932
  • 1933–1936 Great Britain
  • 1946–1949 United States
  • 1950–1953 Australia
  • 1955–1957 Australia
  • 1959–1962 Australia
  • 1964–1967 Australia
  • 1968–1972

[Fed Cup]

  • 1976–1982
  • 1983–1985 Czechoslovakia
  • 1993–1995 Spain

[Australian Open]

Men's singles

[French Open]

Men's singles

Wimbledon">The Championships, Wimbledon">Wimbledon

Gentlemen's singles

US Open">US Open (tennis)">US Open

Men's singles

[ATP World Tour Finals]

Singles

[WTA Finals]

Singles

[Indian Wells Masters]

Men's singles

Miami Open">Miami Open (tennis)">Miami Open

Men's singles

[Monte Carlo Masters]

Men's singles

Italian Open">Italian Open (tennis)">Italian Open

Men's singles

[Paris Masters]

Men's singles

Dubai Championships">Dubai Tennis Championships">Dubai Championships

Men's singles

Barcelona Open">Barcelona Open (tennis)">Barcelona Open

Men's singles

[Halle Open]

Men's singles

China Open">China Open (tennis)">China Open

Men's singles

[Swiss Indoors]

Men's singles

National Football League

In the National Football League, a Super Bowl championship three-peat has not been accomplished. Two-time defending Super Bowl champions who failed to three-peat include the Green Bay Packers, Miami Dolphins, Pittsburgh Steelers, San Francisco 49ers, Dallas Cowboys, Denver Broncos, New England Patriots, and Kansas City Chiefs. The first eight teams failed to return to the title game in the third season ; the Chiefs lost Super Bowl LIX to the Philadelphia Eagles.
The Buffalo Bills went to 4 consecutive Super Bowls as the AFC champions from 1990 to 1993, which is a feat unmatched in NFL history; however, they lost in every appearance. The Miami Dolphins, New England Patriots, and Kansas City Chiefs have each won 3 consecutive Conference championships in their history.
In the early years of the NFL, decades before the introduction of either the term three-peat or the Super Bowl, the Packers won three consecutive NFL titles from 1929-31. This was achieved without playing any postseason playoff games, as the league title was determined at that time from the season standings. In addition, the Packers won the NFL championship in 1965, at a time when the rival NFL and AFL played separate exclusive championships. They then followed that 1965 championship with their first two Super Bowl victories in 1966 and 1967, thereby winning championships three years in a row.

Related terms

There have been efforts to come up with a similarly clever name for the potential fourth consecutive championship in the year following a three-peat. Quat-row was trademarked by Lakers fan and graphic artist Jerry Leibowitz because he felt four-peat "didn't make any sense phonetically", though it's thus far failed to catch on and the latter continues to be the primary term. Since three-peat came into usage, however, only one team in major American sports has been able to achieve at least four in a row: Hendrick Motorsports with driver Jimmie Johnson, who won five NASCAR Cup Series championships in a row from 2006 to 2010. Johnson's streak has been accordingly described as a five-peat.
There are also terms for winning three trophies in the same season:
The trifecta is a concept in gambling in which a bettor successfully guesses the win, place and show in a particular race.
Rather than three-peat, English-speaking people may instead talk of a hat trick of championships, or simply a three-in-a-row.