Tar Heel/Coachman Formation
The Tar Heel Formation, also known as the Coachman Formation in South Carolina, is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in North Carolina and South Carolina, United States. It preserves fossils, including amber dating back to the Cretaceous period. A locality known as Phoebus Landing, has been dated to 78.5-77.1 Ma, and the formation has been overall dated to the early Campanian based on fossil pollen.
Likely deposited in a nearshore coastal environment representing a lower shoreface, it contains a high diversity of vertebrate remains. It has one of the most diverse dinosaur faunas known from the former landmass of Appalachia, the majority of which are known from two sites: Phoebus Landing along the Cape Fear River in Bladen County, North Carolina, as well as Stokes Quarry in Darlington County, South Carolina.
Fossil pollen grains suggest a subtropical to warm, moist temperate climate for the region, with an ecosystem largely dominated by flowering plants. The Tar Heel/Coachman Formation appears to be roughly concurrent with the Marshalltown Formation of New Jersey, which preserves a similar fauna.
Paleobiota
Cartilaginous fish
Based on the Paleobiology Database & Robb :Ray-finned fish
Based on the Paleobiology Database, Robb & Stringer et al. Some species are known only from otolith remains from Blue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, North Carolina, which are indicated:| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
| Albula | ?A. campaniana | Blue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC | 263-378 otoliths | A bonefish. | |
| Albula | ?A. cf. A. ripleyensis | Blue Banks Landing, NC | 1 otolith | A bonefish. | |
| Albula | A. sp. | Phoebus Landing, NC | A bonefish. | ||
| Anomoeodus | A. phaseolus | Phoebus Landing, NC | A pycnodontid pycnodont. | ||
| Ariidae indet. | Blue Banks Landing, NC | 11 otoliths | A sea catfish of uncertain affinities. | ||
| Aulopidae indet. | Blue Banks Landing, NC | 1 otolith | A flagfin of uncertain affinities. | ||
| Beryx | ?B. maastrichtiensis | Blue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC | 55 otoliths | A potential relative of alfonsinos. | |
| Beryx | ?B. zideki | Blue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC | 41 otoliths | A potential relative of alfonsinos. | |
| ?Congridae indet. | Auger Hole Landing, NC | 1 otolith | An apparent conger eel of uncertain affinities. | ||
| Cylindracanthus | C. ornatus | Phoebus Landing, NC | A fish of uncertain affinities. | ||
| Enchodus | E. cf. petrosus | Phoebus Landing, NC | An enchodontid aulopiform. | ||
| Gonostomatidae indet. | Blue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC | 4 otoliths | A bristlemouth of uncertain affinities. | ||
| Hoplostethus | ?H. coffeesandensis | Blue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC | 4 otoliths | A slimehead. | |
| Kokenichthys | K. ensis | Blue Banks Landing, NC | 2 otoliths | An elopiform or osteoglossiform. | |
| Lepisosteidae indet. | Phoebus Landing, NC | A gar. | |||
| Megalopidae indet. | Blue Banks Landing, NC | 1 otolith | A tarpon of uncertain affinities. | ||
| Osmeroides | O. weileri | Blue Banks Landing, NC | 6 otoliths | An osmeroidid elopomorph. | |
| Paralbula | P. casei | Phoebus Landing, NC | A phyllodontid elopomorph. | ||
| ?Pempheris | ?P. huddlestoni | Auger Hole Landing, NC | 1 otolith | An apparent sweeper. | |
| Percoidei indet. | Blue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC | 5 otoliths | A percoid. | ||
| ?Polymixia | ?P. cf. harderi | Blue Banks Landing, NC | An apparent beardfish. | ||
| Pterothrissus | P. carolinensis | Blue Banks Landing, NC | 67 otoliths | A pterothrissine bonefish. | |
| Saurodon | S. sp. | Phoebus Landing, NC | A saurodontid ichthyodectiform. | ||
| Stephanodus | S. sp. | Phoebus Landing, NC | A pycnodont. | ||
| Xiphactinus | X. audax | Phoebus Landing, North Carolina, NC | An ichthyodectid ichthyodectiform. | ||
| Xiphactinus | X. vetus | Phoebus Landing, North Carolina, NC | An ichthyodectid ichthyodectiform. |
Reptiles
Records from SC based on Schwimmer et al :Dinosaurs
Ornithischians
Based mainly on Brownstein :An indeterminate hadrosauroid is known from Stokes Quarry, SC.
Theropods
Indeterminate theropods, ornithomimosaurs, and maniraptorans are known from Stokes Quarry.Crocodylomorphs
Based on the Paleobiology Database:| Genus | Species | Location | Notes | Images |
| Borealosuchus | B. formidabilis | Phoebus Landing, NC | A eusuchian. | |
| Bottosaurus | B. sp. | Stokes Quarry, SC | An early caiman. | |
| Deinosuchus | D. rugosus | Phoebus Landing & Clifton Farm, NC Stokes Quarry, SC | An alligatoroid, one of the largest known crocodilians. Type locality for genus and species. | |
| Gavialoidea indet. | Stokes Quarry, SC | A gavialoid. |
Turtles
Based on the Paleobiology Database:| Genus | Species | Location | Notes | Images |
| Adocus | A. beatus | Phoebus Landing, NC Stokes Quarry, SC | An adocid. | |
| Bothremys | B. cooki | Phoebus Landing, NC | A bothremydid side-necked turtle. | |
| Chedighaii | C. barberi | Phoebus Landing, NC | A bothremydid side-necked turtle. | |
| Chedighaii | C. hutchinsoni | Phoebus Landing, NC | A bothremydid side-necked turtle. | |
| Corsochelys | C. bentlyi | Stokes Quarry, SC | A sea turtle, likely a dermochelyid. Type locality for species. | |
| Euclastes | E. wielandi | Stokes Quarry, SC | A pancheloniid sea turtle. | |
| Osteopygis | O. emarginatus | Phoebus Landing, NC | A macrobaenid. | |
| ?Taphrosphys | ?T. dares | Phoebus Landing, NC | A bothremydid side-necked turtle, taxonomic placement disputed. | |
| Toxochelys | T. sp. | Stokes Quarry, SC | A toxochelyid sea turtle. | |
| "Trionyx" | "T." halophilus | Phoebus Landing, NC | A stem-softshell turtle, likely not an actual member of the genus Trionyx. Species names are nomina dubia. | |
| "Trionyx" | "T." priscus | Stokes Quarry, SC | A stem-softshell turtle, likely not an actual member of the genus Trionyx. Species names are nomina dubia. |
Mammals
Based on the Paleobiology Database:| Genus | Species | Location | Notes | Images |
| Marsupialia indet. | Darlington County, SC | A presumed marsupial relative. | ||
| Multituberculata indet. | Darlington County, SC | A multituberculate. |