Tar Heel/Coachman Formation


The Tar Heel Formation, also known as the Coachman Formation in South Carolina, is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in North Carolina and South Carolina, United States. It preserves fossils, including amber dating back to the Cretaceous period. A locality known as Phoebus Landing, has been dated to 78.5-77.1 Ma, and the formation has been overall dated to the early Campanian based on fossil pollen.
Likely deposited in a nearshore coastal environment representing a lower shoreface, it contains a high diversity of vertebrate remains. It has one of the most diverse dinosaur faunas known from the former landmass of Appalachia, the majority of which are known from two sites: Phoebus Landing along the Cape Fear River in Bladen County, North Carolina, as well as Stokes Quarry in Darlington County, South Carolina.
Fossil pollen grains suggest a subtropical to warm, moist temperate climate for the region, with an ecosystem largely dominated by flowering plants. The Tar Heel/Coachman Formation appears to be roughly concurrent with the Marshalltown Formation of New Jersey, which preserves a similar fauna.

Paleobiota

Cartilaginous fish

Based on the Paleobiology Database & Robb :

Ray-finned fish

Based on the Paleobiology Database, Robb & Stringer et al. Some species are known only from otolith remains from Blue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, North Carolina, which are indicated:
GenusSpeciesLocationMaterialNotesImages
Albula?A. campanianaBlue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC263-378 otolithsA bonefish.
Albula?A. cf. A. ripleyensisBlue Banks Landing, NC1 otolithA bonefish.
AlbulaA. sp.Phoebus Landing, NCA bonefish.
AnomoeodusA. phaseolusPhoebus Landing, NCA pycnodontid pycnodont.
Ariidae indet.Blue Banks Landing, NC11 otolithsA sea catfish of uncertain affinities.
Aulopidae indet.Blue Banks Landing, NC1 otolithA flagfin of uncertain affinities.
Beryx?B. maastrichtiensisBlue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC55 otolithsA potential relative of alfonsinos.
Beryx?B. zidekiBlue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC41 otolithsA potential relative of alfonsinos.
?Congridae indet.Auger Hole Landing, NC1 otolithAn apparent conger eel of uncertain affinities.
CylindracanthusC. ornatusPhoebus Landing, NCA fish of uncertain affinities.
EnchodusE. cf. petrosusPhoebus Landing, NCAn enchodontid aulopiform.
Gonostomatidae indet.Blue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC4 otolithsA bristlemouth of uncertain affinities.
Hoplostethus?H. coffeesandensisBlue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC4 otolithsA slimehead.
KokenichthysK. ensisBlue Banks Landing, NC2 otolithsAn elopiform or osteoglossiform.
Lepisosteidae indet.Phoebus Landing, NCA gar.
Megalopidae indet.Blue Banks Landing, NC1 otolithA tarpon of uncertain affinities.
OsmeroidesO. weileriBlue Banks Landing, NC6 otolithsAn osmeroidid elopomorph.
ParalbulaP. caseiPhoebus Landing, NCA phyllodontid elopomorph.
?Pempheris?P. huddlestoniAuger Hole Landing, NC1 otolithAn apparent sweeper.
Percoidei indet.Blue Banks & Auger Hole Landings, NC5 otolithsA percoid.
?Polymixia?P. cf. harderiBlue Banks Landing, NCAn apparent beardfish.
PterothrissusP. carolinensisBlue Banks Landing, NC67 otolithsA pterothrissine bonefish.
SaurodonS. sp.Phoebus Landing, NCA saurodontid ichthyodectiform.
StephanodusS. sp.Phoebus Landing, NCA pycnodont.
XiphactinusX. audaxPhoebus Landing, North Carolina, NCAn ichthyodectid ichthyodectiform.
XiphactinusX. vetusPhoebus Landing, North Carolina, NCAn ichthyodectid ichthyodectiform.

Reptiles

Records from SC based on Schwimmer et al :

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians
Based mainly on Brownstein :
An indeterminate hadrosauroid is known from Stokes Quarry, SC.
Theropods
Indeterminate theropods, ornithomimosaurs, and maniraptorans are known from Stokes Quarry.

Crocodylomorphs

Based on the Paleobiology Database:
GenusSpeciesLocationNotesImages
BorealosuchusB. formidabilisPhoebus Landing, NCA eusuchian.
BottosaurusB. sp.Stokes Quarry, SCAn early caiman.
DeinosuchusD. rugosus Phoebus Landing & Clifton Farm, NC
Stokes Quarry, SC
An alligatoroid, one of the largest known crocodilians. Type locality for genus and species.
Gavialoidea indet.Stokes Quarry, SCA gavialoid.

Turtles

Based on the Paleobiology Database:
GenusSpeciesLocationNotesImages
AdocusA. beatusPhoebus Landing, NC
Stokes Quarry, SC
An adocid.
BothremysB. cookiPhoebus Landing, NCA bothremydid side-necked turtle.
ChedighaiiC. barberiPhoebus Landing, NCA bothremydid side-necked turtle.
ChedighaiiC. hutchinsoniPhoebus Landing, NCA bothremydid side-necked turtle.
CorsochelysC. bentlyiStokes Quarry, SCA sea turtle, likely a dermochelyid. Type locality for species.
EuclastesE. wielandiStokes Quarry, SCA pancheloniid sea turtle.
OsteopygisO. emarginatusPhoebus Landing, NCA macrobaenid.
?Taphrosphys?T. daresPhoebus Landing, NCA bothremydid side-necked turtle, taxonomic placement disputed.
ToxochelysT. sp.Stokes Quarry, SCA toxochelyid sea turtle.
"Trionyx""T." halophilusPhoebus Landing, NCA stem-softshell turtle, likely not an actual member of the genus Trionyx. Species names are nomina dubia.
"Trionyx""T." priscusStokes Quarry, SCA stem-softshell turtle, likely not an actual member of the genus Trionyx. Species names are nomina dubia.

Mammals

Based on the Paleobiology Database:
GenusSpeciesLocationNotesImages
Marsupialia indet.Darlington County, SCA presumed marsupial relative.
Multituberculata indet.Darlington County, SCA multituberculate.