Symptomatic treatment
Symptomatic treatment, supportive care, supportive therapy, or palliative treatment is any medical therapy of a disease that only affects its symptoms, not the underlying cause. It is usually aimed at reducing the signs and symptoms for the comfort and well-being of the patient, but it also may be useful in reducing organic consequences and sequelae of these signs and symptoms of the disease. In many diseases, even in those whose etiologies are known, symptomatic treatment is the only treatment available so far.
For more detail, see supportive therapy. For conditions like cancer, arthritis, neuropathy, tendinopathy, and injury, it can be useful to distinguish treatments that are supportive/palliative and cannot alter the natural history of the disease.
Examples
Examples of symptomatic treatments:- Analgesics, to reduce pain
- Anti-inflammatory agents, for inflammation caused by arthritis
- Antitussives, for cough
- Antihistaminics, for allergy
- Antipyretics, for fever
- Enemas for constipation
- Treatments that reduce unwanted side effects from drugs
Uses
Symptomatic treatment is not always recommended, and in fact, it may be dangerous, because it may mask the presence of an underlying etiology which will then be forgotten or treated with great delay. Examples:
- Low-grade fever for 15 days or more is sometimes the only symptom of bacteremia by staphylococcus bacteria. Suppressing it by symptomatic treatment will hide the disease from effective diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics. The consequence may be severe
- Chronic headache may be caused simply by a constitutional disposition or be the result of a brain tumor or a brain aneurysm.