Submarine films


The submarine film is a subgenre of war film in which most of the plot revolves around a submarine below the ocean's surface. Films of this subgenre typically focus on a small but determined crew of submariners battling against enemy submarines or submarine-hunter ships, or against other problems ranging from disputes amongst the crew, threats of mutiny, life-threatening mechanical breakdowns, or the daily difficulties of living on a submarine.
The genre plays on the psychological tension of the submarine's crew and their unseen enemy, signified by a soundscape that may feature explosions, the ping of sonar, the creaking of the submarine's hull under extreme pressure, the alarm ordering the submarine to dive, and the threatening sound signatures of a destroyer's propeller or of an approaching torpedo.
Some 150 films have been made in the submarine genre between 1910 and 2010, variously depicting submarines in relatively realistic stories about World War I, World War II or the Cold War, or purely fictional and fantastic scenarios.

Characteristics

Submarine films have their own particular semantics and syntax, creating a film genre concerned specifically with submarine warfare. A distinctive element in this genre is the soundtrack, which attempts to bring home the emotional and dramatic nature of conflict under the sea. For example, in the 1981 Das Boot, the sound design works together with the hours-long film format to depict lengthy pursuit with depth charges, and as the critic Linda Maria Koldau writes,
Koldau identifies the basic syntactic structure of the submarine genre as "outside is bad, inside is good." The unseen outside means the enemy: this may be from nature, with elements such as water pressure threatening to crush the hull, sea monsters, or underwater rocks; or human opponents. Meanwhile, the inside of the submarine represents the human warmth and trust of the crew for each other and for their captain, their lives bound together by the situation. To this scenario can be added elements from within such as mutiny, fire, discord, or accidents including radiation leakage; and from outside such as water, terrorism, disease, and weapons, while the plot may feature sudden switches from being the hunter to being the hunted.
The soundscape may depict the creaking of the hull under pressure: as Koldau observes, this is both realistic and metaphoric, standing in for the fear and the responsibility on the shoulders of the crew. Stress may further be expressed in the acoustic signature of specifically submarine threats, such as the swelling sound of an approaching destroyer's propeller, the soft buzz of an enemy torpedo, or the submarine's own alarm ordering an immediate dive.
Another element of the soundscape less often remarked upon is simply silence, which can mean both safety and unseen danger, creating tension.

List of submarine movies

This is a list of movies, grouped by the era in which they were made, in which a submarine plays a significant role in the storyline. From 1910 to 2010, some 150 fictional films about submarines have been made. Many of these are set in World War I, World War II, or the Cold War; others depict relatively "authentic" terrorist scenarios.
Some movies depict historical events from actual battles or incidents, such as Above Us the Waves, a 1955 film which depicts the true story of the British Royal Navy's midget submarines attacks on the. Other submarine movies develop a fictional plot created using more or less realistic details of naval warfare, such as the film U-571, which tells the story of a fictional U-boat in World War II.
Other submarine films from the fantasy, science fiction or occasionally horror film genres depict entirely fictitious events, such as the various film versions of Jules Verne's novel 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.

Set before World War I

Hearts in Bondage – directed by Lew AyresThe Hunley – CSS Hunley attacks a U.S. Navy ship

Made before World War II

The Secret of the Submarine – US action-adventure silent serial directed by George L. Sargent depicting prevention of US submarine from falling into enemy handsA Submarine Pirate – US heist-comedy-short directed by Charles Avery and Syd Chaplin, depicting waiter attempting to foil sea-heist of gold-filled cargo vessel by submarineCivilization – US allegorical-drama directed by Reginald Barker, Thomas H. Ince, Raymond B. West, et al. depicting pacifist German Count's construction of submarine with order to sink ocean liner Lusitania presumably also carrying enemy munitions; a.k.a. La cruz de la humanidad, a.k.a. Civilização The Little American – US action-drama directed by Cecil B. DeMille and Joseph Levering, depicting ship of young Americans returning to ancestral French home torpedoed by a German U-boat and witness to German brutality while imprisoned; a.k.a. A Pequena Americana, a.k.a. La petite américaineOn the Jump – US comedy directed by Raoul Walsh, depicting US reporter who joins Liberty Loan campaign before he must rescue his girlfriend and stolen secret fuel formula from German agent rendezvousing with a German U-boatPatriotism – US mystery-drama directed by Raymond B. West, depicting search in Scotland for German agent sending vital information to German U-boat fleet off the Scottish coastBehind the Door – US action-drama directed by Irvin Willat, depicting German-American naval officer who takes revenge against the German U-boat commander who brutalized his wife after sinking his ship; a.k.a. Detrás de la puertaThe False Faces – US espionage-drama directed by Irvin Willat, depicting a thief who becomes a reluctant US agent and infiltrates German U-boat to deliver vital enemy information; a.k.a. The Lone WolfThe Isle of Conquest – US adventure-drama directed by Irvin Willat, based on Arthur Hornblow novel, about a man and woman marooned on a deserted isle after their ship is sunk by a German U-boatMare Nostrum – directed by Rex IngramSubmarine – directed by Frank CapraMen Without Women – fictional USS S-13The Sea Ghost – a.k.a. U-67A Woman of Experience Morgenrot Hell Below – USS AL-14Dark Journey – UK adventure-thriller directed by Victor SavilleSubmarine D-1 Submarine Patrol – directed by John Ford – the Soviet filmThe Spy in Black – a.k.a. U-Boat 29

Made during World War II

Three Little Sew and Sews – US comedy short directed by Del Lord, depicting the Three Stooges as sailors working in a ships' tailor shop tricked into stealing a submarine by Nazi spies49th Parallel – a U-boat is sunk in Hudson's Bay, leaving the surviving crewmen stranded in northern CanadaU-Boote westwärts! – German war film promoting Kriegsmarine and Unterseeboot serviceCrash Dive – fictional USS Corsair – the Soviet movieDestination Tokyo – fictional USS CopperfinGung Ho – fictional account of the Makin Island raidThe Silver Fleet – British drama directed by Vernon Sewell and Gordon Wellesley, depicting a Dutch submarine builder forced to work for the NazisSubmarine Alert – US thriller directed by Frank McDonald, depicting a former gangster supplying German U-boat commanders with torpedoes in South AmericaSubmarine Base – US drama directed by Albert H. Kelley, depicting Nazi spies using a stolen shortwave transmitter prototype to broadcast top secret shipping info to an offshore Imperial Japanese Navy submarineWe Dive at Dawn – UK action-drama directed by Anthony Asquith, depicting fictional submarine HMS Sea Tiger on a mission to sink fictional German battleship BrandenburgTwo-Man Submarine – US B-movie directed by Lew Landers

Later films depicting World War II

The Damned – directed by René ClémentMorning Departure – directed by Roy Ward Baker. A British film about a crew aboard a disabled submarine during a rescue operation.Mystery Submarine – directed by Douglas Sirk, depicting a mission to destroy a U-boat off the coast of South America; a.k.a. Phantom SubmarineOperation Pacific – fictional USS ThunderfishSubmarine Command – US drama directed by John Farrow, depicting a US submarine commander forced to confront the consequences of sudden high-sea submersion while the crew remain outside the submarineUbåt 39 – Swedish drama directed by Hampe Faustman, depicting the crew of Torpedo Alley – US drama directed by Lew Landers, depicting a US Navy pilot rescued at sea by submarine before applying for submarine duty; a.k.a. Down PeriscopeSubmarine Attack – Italian action-romance directed by Duilio Coletti, depicting an Italian submarine sinking Allied shipping during the Battle of the Atlantic; a.k.a. Torpedo ZoneAbove Us the Waves – Royal Navy midget submarines vs. German battleship TirpitzHaie und kleine Fische – Four young German naval cadets begin their military service in 1940; only one of them will survive - Based on the novel of the same nameHellcats of the Navy – fictional USS StarfishSea Wife – US action-drama directed by Bob McNaught and starring Richard Burton and Joan Collins, depicting a cargo ship dangerously jammed to excess capacity with evacuees fleeing the 1942 Japanese invasion and Battle of Singapore that is sunk by a Japanese Imperial Navy submarine; one scene depicts the submarine underwater while another scene shows the submarine on the surfaceThe Enemy Below – US action-drama directed by Dick Powell, depicting a duel between an American destroyer escort and a German U-boat in South AtlanticRun Silent, Run Deep – fictional Submarine Seahawk – US action-drama directed by Spencer Gordon Bennet depicting a US submarine commander on a reconnaissance mission to locate a fleet of Imperial Japanese Navy fighting ships; a.k.a. Submarine X-2Torpedo Run – US drama directed by Joseph Pevney, depicting a US submarine commander confronted with destroying an Imperial Japanese Navy ship with Allied prisoners and civiliansU 47 – Kapitänleutnant Prien – fictionalized combat career of Günther PrienBattle of the Coral Sea – USS DragonfishOperation Petticoat – US comedy directed by Blake Edwards, depicting fictional USS Sea Tiger; remade in 1977 TV series Operation PetticoatOrzeł – Polish drama directed by Leonard Buczkowski, depicting ORP Orzeł and Orzeł incidentUp Periscope – US drama directed by Gordon Douglas, depicting a US Navy frogman on mission aboard a submarine to be smuggled into Japanese-held island; a.k.a. Up Periscope!Nacht fiel über Gotenhafen – German film about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff by the Soviet submarine S-13. The film is about the maritime disaster, not about the submarine.McHale's Navy, List of McHale's Navy episodes#Season 2: 1963–1964|McHale and His Schweinhunds – US comedy episode directed by Sidney Lanfield, depicting a PT boat crew destroying a German U-boat rendezvousing with a Japanese patrolMystery Submarine – UK action-drama directed by C.M. Pennington-Richards, depicting a British captured U-boat used for a missionBeta Som – Italian-French drama directed by Charles Frend and Bruno Vailati, depicting a British warship and Italian submarine operating in the Strait of Gibraltar and meeting in the neutral Rick's Cafe; a.k.a. Défi à GibraltarMorituri – US drama directed by Bernhard Wicki, depicting German blackmailed by English to impersonate SS officer aboard ship; a.k.a. Saboteur: Code Name MorituriMcHale's Navy, List of McHale's Navy episodes#Season 4: 1965–1966|36-24-73 – US comedy episode directed by Hollingsworth Morse, depicting a PT boat crew capturing a German U-boatSubmarine X-1 – X class submarinesMurphy's War Commander of the Lucky 'Pike', the Soviet movieOperation Petticoat – comedy directed by Hollingsworth Morse, depicting fictional USS Sea Tiger; spinoff of 1959 film Operation Petticoat, producing 32 episodes1941 – US comedy directed by Steven Spielberg, depicting an Imperial Japanese Navy submarine terrorizing the California coastDas Boot – German movie about ', the Soviet film, about S-131

Korean War

Submarine Command – fictional USS ''Tiger Shark''

Cold War

Morning Departure – British drama directed by Roy Ward Baker depicting the crew of a sunken British submarine trapped on the sea floor; a.k.a. Operation DisasterHell and High Water – American action-adventure directed by Samuel Fuller, depicting a World War II surplus Japanese submarine battling a Chinese submarineOn the Beach – fictional nuclear submarine USS Sawfish Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea – adventure-science fiction film directed by Irwin Allen, depicting fictional SSRN Seaview; remade in the 1964 TV series Voyage to the Bottom of the SeaVoyage to the Bottom of the Sea – adventure-science fiction, directed by Jus Addiss depicting fictional SSRN Seaview; spinoff of 1961 film Voyage to the Bottom of the SeaThe Bedford Incident The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming – American comedy directed by Norman Jewison, depicting fictional Soviet submarine Спрут; a.k.a. The Russians Are Coming! The Russians Are Coming!Ice Station Zebra – fictional Mission Impossible, "Submarine" – American action-adventure episode directed by Paul Krasny, depicting former SS officer with plans to fund Neo-NazisThe Boatniks – comedy directed by Norman Tokar, depicting a salami in a submarine torpedo tubeAssault on the Wayne – fictional missile submarine USS Wayne The Spy Who Loved Me – American, British and Soviet submarinesGray Lady Down – fictional USS NeptuneBear Island – fictional U.S. Science Year team on remote island discover a World War II submarine base to which the SS had dispatched two U-boats with holds full of gold bullion from the conquest of Europe. SS, ex-Nazis, sons of U-boat commanders, Israelis, all try to recover the enormous wealth.Raise the Titanic – U.S. submarine confronts a Soviet warship and escorts the salvaged Titanic to portVirus – fictional HMS NereidIncident at Map Grid 36-80 – the Soviet movie, about U.S. submarineNever Say Never Again – fictional U.S. submarineThe Fifth Missile – fictional USS MontanaThe Dolphin's Cry – the Soviet movieRusskies – the Soviet submarineFull Fathom Five – fictional USS Aspen versus Alpha Victor Three class submarine CCCP KirovThe Rift – fictional Siren II searches for lost Siren IThe Hunt for Red October – fictional Red October, fictional V.K. Konovalov,, Going Under – Comedy – An American submarine races to get a nuclear weapon before a Russian submarine.Buried on Sunday – a Soviet submarine is used to launch a missile attack on Canada's WonderlandSilent Service – anime; JMSDF Seabat Hostile Waters – K-219K-19: The Widowmaker – K-19Phantom – K-129, the plot has a basis in one theory about the events aboard the Soviet submarine's final voyage

Post-Cold War

Fer-de-Lance - TV movie, fictional nuclear submarine USS Fer-de-Lance, released on video as Operation SerpentCrimson Tide – Down Periscope – comedy directed by David S. Ward, depicting fictional USS Stingray Peculiarities of the National Fishing Phantom: The Submarine, about fictional South Korea's first nuclear-powered submarine Phantom.On the Beach – fictional USS Charleston Danger Beneath the Sea 72 Meters Phantom Below Solar Attack Critical Situation - TV series, episode 10 "Running Out of Air" about AS-28 training accidentLast Resort – TV series, fictional, USS Colorado Black Sea Hunter Killer Kursk The Wolf's Call Vigil – TV series, season one largely on fictional, HMS ''Vigil''

Other conflicts

Ghazi Shaheed The Ghazi Attack, first Indian underwater/war-at-sea film

Future or fantastic past

Le voyage à travers l'impossible – French adventure-comedy silent short directed by Georges Méliès, depicting Geographic Society members on an around-the-world journey using various modes of transport including a submarine; a.k.a. The Voyage Across the Impossible, a.k.a. The Impossible Voyage; predecessor to 1907 silent film 20,000 lieues sous les mers20,000 Thousand Leagues Under the Sea – Jules Verne's fictional Nautilus The Secret of Two Oceans – based on Grigory Adamov's novel, about the crew of the Soviet submarine "Pioneer" The Atomic Submarine – fictional USS Tiger Shark battles an underwater alien spacecraft/submarineVoyage to the Bottom of the Sea – Seaview nuclear submarine, the film was followed by a TV series 1964–68The Fabulous World of Jules Verne – based on Jules Verne's Facing the Flag, featuring The Three Stooges in Orbit – comedy directed by Edward Bernds, depicting the Three Stooges assisting an inventor with a new military hybrid vehicle to aid in defense of a Martian invasionAtragon – fictional Gotengo Stingray – adventures of the WASPs Fantastic Voyage – set in the near future, an experimental submarine with special medical team aboard are reduced to microscopic size and injected into body of a brain-damaged scientist possessing military secrets in an attempt to repair his injuryAround the World Under the Sea Yellow Submarine – Captain Nemo and the Underwater City – Jules Verne's fictional Nautilus The Neptune Factor – undersea rescue The Land That Time Forgot – depicts a stranded World War I U-boat crew on uncharted South-Atlantic sub-continent of "Caprona"The Return of Captain Nemo – Jules Verne's fictional Nautilus Thundersub – Virus – Japanese-made post-apocalyptic thriller featuring an international cast aboard a British sub, trying to find a cure to a global pandemic.The Abyss – fictional USS Montana Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water – Jules Verne's fictional Nautilus seaQuest DSV – Blue Submarine No. 6 – The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen – Jules Verne's fictional Nautilus Submarine 707R – The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou – US adventure-comedy-drama directed by Wes AndersonLorelei: The Witch of the Pacific Ocean – Tide-Line Blue – The Land That Time Forgot – action-sci-fi directed by C. Thomas Howell, depicting a stranded World War II U-boat crew in a time void on an island inside the Bermuda TriangleArpeggio of Blue Steel – Nautilus - Jules Verne's fictional Nautilus, TV series, prequel to and reimagining of the Verne novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas.Iron Lung - sci-fi-horror set almost entirely inside a midget submarine with a one-person crew.