Specification of germ layer identity in the chick gastrula
Specification of germ layer identity in the chick gastrula is a scholarly work by Susan C Chapman, published in 2007 in ''BMC Developmental Biology''. The main subjects of the publication include genetics, embryo, primitive streak, genetically modified animal, gastrulation, Nodal growth differentiation factor, anatomy, ingression, biology, endoderm, germ layer, blastoderm, cell biology, ectoderm, mesoderm, and development of the heart. The authors show (1) that presumptive mesoderm cells migrate to the middle layer and remain mesenchymal when transplanted to rostral primitive streak, and prospective endoderm cells enter the lower layer and become epithelial when transplanted to caudal primitive streak; and (2) that presumptive endoderm cells and mesoderm cells lose normal gene expression (Sox17 and Wnt8c, respectively) when transplanted outside of their normal position of origin.