Southern Loloish languages


The Southern Loloish or Southern Ngwi languages, also known as the Hanoish or Hanish languages, constitute a branch of the Loloish languages that includes Akha and Hani.

Languages

The branches included in Lama, with languages from Bradley, are:
Hanoid in Lama is alternatively called Akoid in Bradley, who recognizes the Hani-Akha and Haoni-Baihong languages as part of the Akoid group.
Other Southern Loloish languages are:
Kato also documents:
Other Southern Loloish language varieties in south-central List of [administrative divisions of Yunnan|Yunnan] include Bukong 布孔, Budu 布都, Asuo 阿梭, Duota 堕塔, Amu 阿木, Lami 腊米, Qiedi 切弟, Kabie 卡别, Woni 窝尼, Duoni 多尼, and Habei 哈备. Habei is unclassified within Southern Loloish.

Hsiu (2016, 2018)

A 2016 computational phylogenetic lexical analysis by Hsiu distinguished the following five branches of Southern Loloish, providing further support for the Hanoid and Bisoid branches in Lama and Bradley. A new Siloid branch was added.
  1. Hanoid
  2. Bisoid
  3. Siloid
  4. Bi-Ka
  5. Jinuo
The Southern Loloish tree above was subsequently revised by Hsiu as follows, with 6 subgroups included.
Hsiu considers the Hani-Akha and Bi-Ka subgroups to be part of a northern linkage in south-central Yunnan, while the Siloid, Bisoid, Jino, and Mpi subgroups are part of a southern linkage in the China-Laos border region.

Innovations

Lama lists the following changes from Proto-Loloish as Hanoish innovations.
  • *m- → zero /__
  • *kh- > x-
  • *N- > NC or C
  • Reversed order of syllables