Solar eclipse of December 14, 2020


A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, December 14, 2020, with a magnitude of 1.0254. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's and the apparent path of the Sun and Moon intersect, blocking all direct sunlight and turning daylight into darkness; the Sun appears to be black with a halo around it. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.8 days after perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.
Totality was visible from parts of southern Chile and Argentina. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of central and southern South America, Southern Africa, and Antarctica. A total solar eclipse crossed a similar region of the Earth about a year and a half earlier on July 2, 2019.

Visibility

Chile

Totality made landfall in Puerto Saavedra, before traversing through portions of Araucanía Region, Los Ríos Region, and a very small part of Bío Bío Region. Cities in the path included Temuco, Villarrica, and Pucón. Totality was also visible on Mocha Island. The eclipse's path was similar to the solar eclipse of February 26, 2017. It occurred just 17 months after the solar eclipse of July 2, 2019 and, like the 2019 eclipse, was also visible from Chile and Argentina. It was also a partial solar eclipse in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay.

Argentina

Totality was visible across the Northern Patagonia, passing through cities including Piedra del Águila, Sierra Colorada, Ministro Ramos Mexía, Junín de los Andes, and partially in San Martín de los Andes and San Carlos de Bariloche.

Scientific observations

The ionospheric effects of the eclipse were expected to be monitored as part of the December 2020 Eclipse Festival of Frequency Measurement, a citizen science experiment organized through the Amateur Radio Science Citizen Investigation. Also, a prediction was made for a group of ionospheric stations in South America, using a numerical model, of the ionospheric response to this event.
Coincidentally, a comet belonging to the Kreutz sungrazer family called C/2020 X3 (SOHO) appeared during the eclipse, which later disintegrated shortly before reaching perihelion around the same day.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.
EventTime
First Penumbral External Contact2020 December 14 at 13:35:04.2 UTC
First Umbral External Contact2020 December 14 at 14:33:44.2 UTC
First Central Line2020 December 14 at 14:34:00.3 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact2020 December 14 at 14:34:16.4 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact2020 December 14 at 15:38:01.7 UTC
Greatest Eclipse2020 December 14 at 16:14:39.4 UTC
Greatest Duration2020 December 14 at 16:14:45.1 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction2020 December 14 at 16:17:44.3 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction2020 December 14 at 16:19:21.9 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact2020 December 14 at 16:51:09.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact2020 December 14 at 17:55:01.7 UTC
Last Central Line2020 December 14 at 17:55:15.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact2020 December 14 at 17:55:29.8 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact2020 December 14 at 18:54:16.8 UTC

ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.02536
Eclipse Obscuration1.05136
Gamma−0.29394
Sun Right Ascension17h30m05.9s
Sun Declination-23°15'32.3"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'14.9"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension17h29m54.3s
Moon Declination-23°32'58.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'23.7"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax1°00'10.4"
ΔT70.2 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
November 30
Ascending node
December 14
Descending node
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 116		Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 142

Related eclipses

This eclipse took place one lunar year after the Solar eclipse of December 26, 2019.

Eclipses in 2020

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 142

Inex

Triad