Siphula


Siphula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Icmadophilaceae. The widespread genus was circumscribed by the Swedish mycologist Elias Fries in 1831.

Description

The genus Siphula includes lichens with a shrubby, upright thallus that is sparsely branched and has a whitish appearance. The outer surface, or, is, meaning it consists of densely packed cells resembling plant parenchyma. Siphula species partner with algae, a type of green algae that supplies the lichen with energy through photosynthesis.
Inside the thallus, the medulla is compact and has fungal filaments that are generally aligned in a longitudinal direction. No reproductive structures, such as apothecia or conidiomata, have been observed to occur in this genus.
Chemically, Siphula lichens contain various compounds including p- and m-depsides, dibenzofurans, and chromones, such as the compound siphulin.

Habitat and distribution

Siphula species are found growing on peaty soils and on acid-leached bark in temperate rainforests as well as in wet alpine environments. This genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring across various regions worldwide.

Species

, Species Fungorum accepts 22 species of Siphula:
  • Siphula australiensis
  • Siphula capensis
  • Siphula ceratites
  • Siphula chimantensis
  • Siphula coriacea
  • Siphula crittendenii
  • Siphula decumbens
  • Siphula dissoluta
  • Siphula fastigiata
  • Siphula flavovirens
  • Siphula gracilis
  • Siphula paramensis
  • Siphula parhamii
  • Siphula pteruloides
  • Siphula subpteruloides
  • Siphula subsimplex
  • ''Siphula verrucigera''