Siphonaria


Siphonaria is a genus of air-breathing sea snails in the family Siphonariidae. They are globally distributed living in temperate to tropical benthic intertidal zones making up a significant component of invertebrate fauna in those regions. There are many species within this genus although the exact amount is unknown due to their large variety in shell morphology.

Distribution

This genus occurs worldwide in most tropical and temperate seas.

China

The coast of China has many species such as Siphonaria atra, Siphonaria floslamellosa, Siphonaria japonica, Siphonaria petasus and Siphonaria ''sirius''.

Korean Peninsula

Siphonaria acmaeoides is known to inhabit the coast of the Korean Peninsula. Many species in the coastal regions of China can also be found here suck as S. japonica and S. sirius. Some species have questionably reported to live in this region given their documented geographic distribution such as Siphonaria coreensis, Siphonaria javanica, Siphonaria laciniosa and Siphonaria rucuana.

Ecology

This genus is found in benthic and intertidal habitats. It constitutes a significant component of the macrobenthic invertebrate fauna in intertidal habitats across temperate to tropical regions.

Species

Intertidal fluctuations in the environment gives rise to large amounts variations in their shells making it difficult to identify and describe species only using traditional morphological classification methods. The limited study on the shell morphology of this genus also adds to the difficulty. During the late Pliocene to the Pleistocene epochs around 3.46-1.53 million years ago, this genus underwent a rapid diversification event with the climate likely being an important driver of this diversification event.
According to the World Register of Marine Species, the following species are included in the genus Siphonaria Siphonaria acmaeoides Pilsbry, 1894Siphonaria acuta Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria aequilirata Carpenter, 1857Siphonaria aequilorata Reeve, 1856Siphonaria alba Hubendick, 1943Siphonaria albicante Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria alternata Say, 1826Siphonaria alternicosta Potiez & Michaud, 1838Siphonaria asghar Biggs, 1958Siphonaria atra Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria basseinensis Melvill, 1893Siphonaria belcheri Hanley, 1858Siphonaria bifurcata Reeve, 1856
  • † Siphonaria bisiphites Michelin, 1831Siphonaria brannani Stearns, 1872Siphonaria brasiliana Reeve, 1856Siphonaria brunnea Hanley, 1858Siphonaria capensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858Siphonaria characteristica Reeve, 1842Siphonaria chirura Pilsbry, 1920Siphonaria compressa Allanson, 1958Siphonaria concinna Sowerby, 1830Siphonaria corallina Christiaens, 1980Siphonaria corrugata Reeve, 1856Siphonaria corrumbinensis Hubendick, 1955
  • † Siphonaria costaria Siphonaria costata G. B. Sowerby I, 1835
  • † Siphonaria crassicostata Deshayes, 1861Siphonaria crenata de Blainville, 1827Siphonaria dayi Allanson, 1958Siphonaria denticulata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria diemenensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria elatior Schrenck, 1867Siphonaria exulum Hanley, 1858Siphonaria ferruginea Reeve, 1856Siphonaria floslamellosaSiphonaria fuegiensis Güller, Zelaya & Ituarte, 2015Siphonaria funiculata Reeve, 1856Siphonaria gigas Sowerby, 1825 - giant false limpet
  • † Siphonaria glabrata de Raincourt, 1876Siphonaria guamensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria henica Verrill & Bush, 1900Siphonaria hispida Hubendick, 1946Siphonaria incerta Deshayes, 1863Siphonaria innocuus Siphonaria innominata
  • † Siphonaria irregularis Sacco, 1897Siphonaria japonica Siphonaria javanica Siphonaria jeanae Jenkins, 1984Siphonaria kurracheensis Siphonaria laciniosa Siphonaria laeviuscula G. B. Sowerby I, 1835Siphonaria lateralis Gould, 1846
  • † Siphonaria laubrierei Cossmann, 1889Siphonaria lepida Gould, 1848Siphonaria lessonii Blainville, 1824
  • † Siphonaria liancurtensis Cossmann, 1892Siphonaria lineolata G. B. Sowerby I, 1835Siphonaria macgillivrayi Reeve, 1856Siphonaria macquariensis Siphonaria madagascarensis Ohdner, 1919Siphonaria maura Sowerby, 1835Siphonaria naufragum Stearns, 1872Siphonaria normalis Gould, 1846Siphonaria oculus KraussSiphonaria parcicostata Deshayes, 1863Siphonaria parma Hanley, 1858Siphonaria pascua Rehder, 1980
  • † Siphonaria paucidigitata Cossmann, 1907Siphonaria pectinata - striped false limpetSiphonaria percea Siphonaria pica G. B. Sowerby I, 1835Siphonaria petasusSiphonaria pisangensis Hubendick, 1947Siphonaria placentula Menke, 1853Siphonaria plicata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
  • † Siphonaria polygona Siphonaria propria Jenkins, 1983Siphonaria punctata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria raoulensis Oliver, 1915Siphonaria redimiculum Reeve, 1856Siphonaria rosea Hubendick, 1943Siphonaria rucuana Pilsbry, 1904Siphonaria savignyi Krauss, 1848Siphonaria serrata Siphonaria siquijorensis Reeve, 1856Siphonaria sirius Pilsbry, 1894
  • † Siphonaria spectabilis Deshayes, 1861Siphonaria stellata Siphonaria stewartiana Siphonaria subatra Pilsbry, 1904Siphonaria subrugosa G. B. Sowerby I, 1835Siphonaria tasmanica Tenison-Woods, 1876Siphonaria tenuis Philippi, 1860Siphonaria thersites Carpenter, 1864Siphonaria tongensis Hubendick, 1943
  • † Siphonaria tournoueri Vasseur, 1881Siphonaria tristensis
  • † Siphonaria vasconiensis Michelin, 1831Siphonaria venosa Reeve, 1856Siphonaria viridis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
  • † Siphonaria vulcanica Harzhauser, Landau & Breitenberger, 2017Siphonaria williamsi Berry, 1969
  • † Siphonaria xinglongtaiensis Youluo, 1978 Siphonaria zelandica Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
;Taxa inquerenda:Siphonaria adjacens W. H. Turton, 1932
  • † Siphonaria alpinula Mayer, 1870Siphonaria angulata Gray, 1825Siphonaria becki W. H. Turton, 1932Siphonaria conica Blainville, 1827Siphonaria coreensis A. Adams & Reeve, 1848 Siphonaria depressa Pease, 1862Siphonaria depressior Schrenck, 1867Siphonaria fuliginata Reeve, 1856
  • † Siphonaria granicosta Cossmann, 1895Siphonaria kowiensis W. H. Turton, 1932Siphonaria luzonica Reeve, 1856Siphonaria melanozonias Siphonaria nigra Pallary, 1900Siphonaria oblivirgulata Hubendick, 1943Siphonaria opalescens Davis, 1904Siphonaria pallida Allanson, 1958Siphonaria palmata Carpenter, 1857Siphonaria palpebrum Reeve, 1856
  • † Siphonaria penjinae Dall, 1893Siphonaria picta d'Orbigny, 1839Siphonaria plana Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria radiata Gray, 1824Siphonaria scabra Reeve, 1856Siphonaria sowerbyi Michelin, 1832
  • † Siphonaria xinglongtaiensis Youluo, 1978
;Species brought into synonymy:Siphonaria adansonii de Blainville, 1827: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata Siphonaria algesirae Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata Siphonaria amara Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria normalis Gould, 1846Siphonaria amphibia W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria raoulensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915Siphonaria anneae Tomlin, 1944: synonym of Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858Siphonaria aspera Krauss, 1848: synonym of Siphonaria serrata Siphonaria baconi Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria zelandica Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria blainvillei Hanley, 1858: synonym of Siphonaria funiculata Reeve, 1856 Siphonaria cancer Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria cheesemani W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria raoulensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915Siphonaria cochleariformis Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria japonica Siphonaria cookiana Suter, 1909: synonym of Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria cyaneomaculata : synonym of Siphonaria concinna Sowerby I, 1823Siphonaria deflexa : synonym of Siphonaria concinna G. B. Sowerby I, 1823Siphonaria grisea Gmelin: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata Siphonaria inculta Gould, 1846: synonym of Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833Siphonaria intermedia Schrenck, 1867: synonym of Siphonaria sipho G. B. Sowerby I, 1823 accepted as Siphonaria javanica Siphonaria jonasi Dunker, 1853: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata Siphonaria lecanium Philippi, 1846: synonym of Siphonaria maura G. B. Sowerby I, 1835 Siphonaria lineolata d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata Siphonaria macauleyensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria raoulensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915Siphonaria mouret Sowerby G.B. I, 1825: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata Siphonaria mouretus de Blainville, 1824: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata Siphonaria natalensis Krauss, 1848: synonym of Siphonaria serrata Siphonaria naufraga Stearns, 1872: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata Siphonaria nigerrima E. A. Smith, 1903: synonym of Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858Siphonaria nuttallii Hanley, 1858: synonym of Siphonaria normalis Gould, 1846Siphonaria obliquata G. B. Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of Benhamina obliquata Siphonaria palmata Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Siphonaria lecanium var. palmata Carpenter, 1857 Siphonaria redimiculum Reeve, 1856: synonym of Kerguelenella lateralis Siphonaria sipho G.B. Sowerby I, 1830: synonym of Siphonaria javanica Siphonaria stellata Blainville, 1827: synonym of Siphonaria laciniosa Siphonaria stowae Verco, 1906: synonym of Pugillaria stowae Siphonaria striatocostata Dunker, 1846: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata Siphonaria tenuicostulata Smith: synonym of Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858Siphonaria variabilis Krauss, 1848: synonym of Siphonaria concinna Sowerby I, 1823Siphonaria virgulata Hedley, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria funiculata Reeve, 1856Siphonaria zebra Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria zelandica Quoy & Gaimard, 1833