Siphonaria


Siphonaria is a genus of air-breathing sea snails in the family Siphonariidae. They are globally distributed living in temperate to tropical benthic intertidal zones making up a significant component of invertebrate fauna in those regions. There are many species within this genus although the exact amount is unknown due to their large variety in shell morphology.

Distribution

This genus occurs worldwide in most tropical and temperate seas.

China

The coast of China has many species such as Siphonaria atra, Siphonaria floslamellosa, Siphonaria japonica, Siphonaria petasus and Siphonaria ''sirius''.

Korean Peninsula

Siphonaria acmaeoides is known to inhabit the coast of the Korean Peninsula. Many species in the coastal regions of China can also be found here suck as S. japonica and S. sirius. Some species have questionably reported to live in this region given their documented geographic distribution such as Siphonaria coreensis, Siphonaria javanica, Siphonaria laciniosa and Siphonaria rucuana.

Ecology

This genus is found in benthic and intertidal habitats. It constitutes a significant component of the macrobenthic invertebrate fauna in intertidal habitats across temperate to tropical regions.

Species

Intertidal fluctuations in the environment gives rise to large amounts variations in their shells making it difficult to identify and describe species only using traditional morphological classification methods. The limited study on the shell morphology of this genus also adds to the difficulty. During the late Pliocene to the Pleistocene epochs around 3.46-1.53 million years ago, this genus underwent a rapid diversification event with the climate likely being an important driver of this diversification event.
According to the World Register of Marine Species, the following species are included in the genus Siphonaria
;Taxa inquerenda:
  • Siphonaria adjacens W. H. Turton, 1932
  • † Siphonaria alpinula Mayer, 1870
  • Siphonaria angulata Gray, 1825
  • Siphonaria becki W. H. Turton, 1932
  • Siphonaria conica Blainville, 1827
  • Siphonaria coreensis A. Adams & Reeve, 1848
  • Siphonaria depressa Pease, 1862
  • Siphonaria depressior Schrenck, 1867
  • Siphonaria fuliginata Reeve, 1856
  • † Siphonaria granicosta Cossmann, 1895
  • Siphonaria kowiensis W. H. Turton, 1932
  • Siphonaria luzonica Reeve, 1856
  • Siphonaria melanozonias
  • Siphonaria nigra Pallary, 1900
  • Siphonaria oblivirgulata Hubendick, 1943
  • Siphonaria opalescens Davis, 1904
  • Siphonaria pallida Allanson, 1958
  • Siphonaria palmata Carpenter, 1857
  • Siphonaria palpebrum Reeve, 1856
  • † Siphonaria penjinae Dall, 1893
  • Siphonaria picta d'Orbigny, 1839
  • Siphonaria plana Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
  • Siphonaria radiata Gray, 1824
  • Siphonaria scabra Reeve, 1856
  • Siphonaria sowerbyi Michelin, 1832
  • † Siphonaria xinglongtaiensis Youluo, 1978
;Species brought into synonymy:
  • Siphonaria adansonii de Blainville, 1827: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata
  • Siphonaria algesirae Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata
  • Siphonaria amara Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria normalis Gould, 1846
  • Siphonaria amphibia W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria raoulensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915
  • Siphonaria anneae Tomlin, 1944: synonym of Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858
  • Siphonaria aspera Krauss, 1848: synonym of Siphonaria serrata
  • Siphonaria baconi Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria zelandica Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
  • Siphonaria blainvillei Hanley, 1858: synonym of Siphonaria funiculata Reeve, 1856
  • Siphonaria cancer Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
  • Siphonaria cheesemani W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria raoulensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915
  • Siphonaria cochleariformis Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria japonica
  • Siphonaria cookiana Suter, 1909: synonym of Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
  • Siphonaria cyaneomaculata : synonym of Siphonaria concinna Sowerby I, 1823
  • Siphonaria deflexa : synonym of Siphonaria concinna G. B. Sowerby I, 1823
  • Siphonaria grisea Gmelin: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata
  • Siphonaria inculta Gould, 1846: synonym of Siphonaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
  • Siphonaria intermedia Schrenck, 1867: synonym of Siphonaria sipho G. B. Sowerby I, 1823 accepted as Siphonaria javanica
  • Siphonaria jonasi Dunker, 1853: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata
  • Siphonaria lecanium Philippi, 1846: synonym of Siphonaria maura G. B. Sowerby I, 1835
  • Siphonaria lineolata d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata
  • Siphonaria macauleyensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria raoulensis W. R. B. Oliver, 1915
  • Siphonaria mouret Sowerby G.B. I, 1825: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata
  • Siphonaria mouretus de Blainville, 1824: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata
  • Siphonaria natalensis Krauss, 1848: synonym of Siphonaria serrata
  • Siphonaria naufraga Stearns, 1872: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata
  • Siphonaria nigerrima E. A. Smith, 1903: synonym of Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858
  • Siphonaria nuttallii Hanley, 1858: synonym of Siphonaria normalis Gould, 1846
  • Siphonaria obliquata G. B. Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of Benhamina obliquata
  • Siphonaria palmata Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Siphonaria lecanium var. palmata Carpenter, 1857
  • Siphonaria redimiculum Reeve, 1856: synonym of Kerguelenella lateralis
  • Siphonaria sipho G.B. Sowerby I, 1830: synonym of Siphonaria javanica
  • Siphonaria stellata Blainville, 1827: synonym of Siphonaria laciniosa
  • Siphonaria stowae Verco, 1906: synonym of Pugillaria stowae
  • Siphonaria striatocostata Dunker, 1846: synonym of Siphonaria pectinata
  • Siphonaria tenuicostulata Smith: synonym of Siphonaria carbo Hanley, 1858
  • Siphonaria variabilis Krauss, 1848: synonym of Siphonaria concinna Sowerby I, 1823
  • Siphonaria virgulata Hedley, 1915: synonym of Siphonaria funiculata Reeve, 1856
  • Siphonaria zebra Reeve, 1856: synonym of Siphonaria zelandica Quoy & Gaimard, 1833