17th United States Congress
The 17th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of [the United States federal government], consisting of the United States Senate and the United States [House of Representatives]. While its term was officially March 4, 1821, to March 4, 1823, during the fifth and sixth years of James Monroe's presidency, its first session began on December 3, 1821, ending on May 8, 1822, and its second session began on December 2, 1822, to March 3, 1823. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 [United States census]. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
The members William Smith, John Gaillard, Joseph Gist, John Wilson, George McDuffie, Starling Tucker, James Overstreet, Thomas R. Mitchell, William Lowndes, Joel Roberts Poinsett, and James Blair were described as being "outspokenly pro-British" in their outlook. All of whom signed a "letter of brotherhood and solidarity" addressed to British Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool and the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh in 1822. The same letter harshly condemned the actions of France and specifically those of King Louis XVIII.
Major events
- March 5, 1821: Second inauguration of James Monroe as President of the United States.
- July 10, 1821: In accordance with the terms of the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty, sovereignty over Spanish Florida is officially transferred to the United States from Spain.
- December 3–4, 1821: The election for the House speakership takes 12 ballots.
States admitted and territories organized
- August 10, 1821: Missouri was admitted as the 24th U.S. state
- March 30, 1822: Florida Territory was formed from the lands ceded by Spain known by the name East and West Florida
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.Senate
During this congress, two Senate seats were added for the new state of Missouri.House of Representatives
For the beginning of this congress, six seats from Massachusetts were reapportioned to the new state of Maine,. During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Missouri,.Leadership
Senate
- President: Daniel D. Tompkins
- President pro tempore: John Gaillard, elected December 3, 1821
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Philip P. Barbour, elected December 4, 1821, on the 12th ballot
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1826; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1824.Louisiana">List of United States senators from Louisiana">Louisiana
New York">List of United States senators from New York">New York
House of Representatives
The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.Connecticut">List of United States representatives from Connecticut">Connecticut
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Delaware">List of United States representatives from Delaware">Delaware
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Georgia">List of United States representatives from Georgia">Georgia
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Maryland">List of United States representatives from Maryland">Maryland
The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.New Hampshire">List of United States representatives from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.New Jersey">List of United States representatives from New Jersey">New Jersey
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.New York">List of United States representatives from New York">New York
There were five plural districts: the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th & 20th each had two representatives.Pennsylvania">List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania
There were six plural districts: the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, and the 1st had four representatives.Rhode Island">List of United States representatives from Rhode Island">Rhode Island
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.Senate
- Replacements: 5
- * Democratic-Republicans: no net change
- * Federalists: no net change
- Deaths: 2
- Resignations: 6
- Seats of newly admitted states: 2
- Vacancies: 3
- '''Total seats with changes: 12'''
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 13
- * Democratic-Republicans: 1 seat net gain
- * Federalists: 1 seat net loss
- Deaths: 5
- Resignations: 15
- Contested election: 2
- Seats of newly admitted states: 1
- '''Total seats with changes: 23'''
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.Senate
- Amendments to the Constitution
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Claims
- Commerce and Manufactures
- Debt Imprisonment Abolition
- District of Columbia
- Engrossed Bills
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- National Road from Cumberland to Wheeling
- Naval Affairs
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Lands
- Roads and Canals
- Tariff Regulation
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accountability of Public Moneys
- Accounts
- Agriculture
- Arkansas Territorial Limits
- Claims
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Elections
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Naval Affairs
- Pensions and Revolutionary War Claims
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Private Land Claims
- Public Expenditures
- Public Lands
- Revisal and Unfinished Business
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
Employees
Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress">Legislative branch agency directors
Senate
- Chaplain: William Ryland, until December 9, 1822
- * Charles P. McIlvaine, elected December 9, 1822
- Secretary: Charles Cutts
- Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: John Nicholson Campbell, until December 10, 1821
- * Jared Sparks, elected December 10, 1821
- * John Brackenridge, elected December 5, 1822
- Clerk: Thomas Dougherty
- * Matthew St. Clair Clarke, elected December 3, 1822
- Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch, elected December 4, 1821
- Reading Clerks:
- Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn