Secure access module
A Secure Access Module, also known as a Secure Application Module, is a piece of cryptographic hardware typically used by smart card card readers to perform mutual key authentication. SAMs can be used to manage access in a variety of contexts, such as public transport fare collection and point of sale devices.
Formats
- Removable SAM: This form factor resembles a standard Subscriber Identification Module card. It plugs into a dedicated SAM slot within the smart card reader.
- Embedded SAM: This form factor integrates the SAM functionality directly onto the printed circuit board of the reader system. The SAM component is typically housed within a secure enclosure soldered onto the PCB.
Components
- Microcontroller : This acts as the central processing unit of the reader system. It manages various tasks such as protocol handling, data flow control, and data interpretation.
- Reader Integrated Circuit : This specialized chip facilitates communication between the SAM and the contactless smart card using radio frequency interface protocols.
Integration and functionality
- Key Management: Secure storage and management of cryptographic keys, including master keys and application keys derived from them.
- Cryptography: Performing various cryptographic operations such as encryption, decryption, and digital signing to ensure data confidentiality and integrity.
- Mutual Authentication: Facilitating a two-way authentication process between the smart card and the reader system to verify the legitimacy of both parties before allowing any communication to proceed.
- Secure Messaging: Enabling secure communication between the SAM and the host system by encrypting and authenticating data packets.