Scutiger (frog)
Scutiger is a genus of toads in the family Megophryidae. Common name lazy toads has been coined for them. They occur in China, Burma, Nepal, and northern India in high-altitude habitats. Most are endemic to China.
Evolution
A 2017 molecular phylogenetic study found that Scutiger originated in Paleo-Tibet during the Oligocene.Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Scutiger:Scutiger adungensis Dubois, 1979 - Adung lazy toadScutiger bhutanensis Delorme and Dubois, 2001Scutiger boulengeri - Boulenger's lazy toad, Xizang alpine toad, Himalayan stream frog Scutiger brevipes Scutiger chintingensis Liu and Hu, 1960 - Chinting lazy toad, Chinting alpine toadScutiger ghunsa Khatiwada, Shu, Subedi, Wang, Ohler, Cannatella, Xie, and Jiang, 2019 - Ghunsa high altitude toadScutiger glandulatus - Hopachai lazy toad, chest gland cat-eyed toad Scutiger gongshanensis Yang and Su, 1979 - Gongshan lazy toad, Gongshan cat-eyed toad Scutiger jiulongensis Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 1995 - Jiulong cat-eyed toadScutiger liupanensis Huang, 1985 - Liupan lazy toad, Liupan alpine toadScutiger maculatus - spotted lazy toad, piebald alpine toad Scutiger mammatus - Tungsolo lazy toad Scutiger muliensis Fei and Ye, 1986 - Muli cat-eyed toad Scutiger nepalensis Dubois, 1974 - Nepal lazy toad, mountain pelobatid toad, Asiatic spadefoot toad Scutiger ningshanensis Fang, 1985 - Ningshan lazy toad, Ningshan alpine toadScutiger nyingchiensis Fei, 1977 - Nyingchi lazy toad, Ladakh pelobatid toad, Nyingshi alpine toadScutiger occidentalis Dubois, 1978 - Ladakh high altitude toadScutiger pingwuensis Liu and Tian, 1978 - Pingwu lazy toad, Pingwu alpine toad Scutiger sikimmensis - Sikkim lazy toad, Sikkim high altitude toad, Blyth's short-limbed frogScutiger spinosus Jiang, Wang, Li, and Che, 2016 - spiny lazy toadScutiger tengchongensis Yang & Huang, 2019Scutiger tuberculatus Liu and Fei, 1979 - bumpy lazy toad, round-tubercled cat-eyed toad Scutiger wanglangensis Ye and Fei, 2007 - Wanglang alpine toadScutiger wuguanfui Jiang, Rao, Yuan, Wang, Li, Hou, Che, and Che, 2012 - Wu's lazy toad, Medog lazy toadEndemic ranges
Many Scutiger species are endemic to highly restricted geographical areas in the Eastern Himalayas. The ranges often overlap with those of Oreolalax species.- Ningxia, China
- * Scutiger liupanensis: Liupanshan National Nature Reserve, Jingyuan County, Ningxia Hui [Autonomous Region], China
- Shaanxi, China
- * Scutiger ningshanensis: Ningshan County, Shaanxi
- Sichuan, China
- * Scutiger brevipes: Dawu County, Sichuan
- * Scutiger chintingensis: Mount Emei area, Sichuan
- * Scutiger jiulongensis: Jiulong County, Sichuan
- * Scutiger maculatus: Garze, Sichuan and Jiangda, Tibet
- * Scutiger muliensis: Muli County, Sichuan
- * Scutiger pingwuensis: Pingwu County, Sichuan
- * Scutiger wanglangensis: Sichuan
- Yunnan, China
- * Scutiger gongshanensis: Gongshan County, Yunnan
- Tibet
- * Scutiger maculatus: Garze, Sichuan and Jiangda, Tibet
- * Scutiger nyingchiensis: Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet
- * Scutiger spinosus: Medog County, Tibet and Tawang District, Arunachal Pradesh
- * Scutiger wuguanfui: Medog County, Tibet
- Bhutan
- * Scutiger bhutanensis: Bhutan
- Sikkim, India
- * Scutiger sikimmensis: Sikkim, India