San Mateo County, California


San Mateo County, officially the County of San Mateo, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 764,442. Redwood City is the county seat, the third-most populated city in the county after Daly City and San Mateo.
San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA MSA, Silicon Valley, and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area, the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay. As of 2020, it has a median household income of $128,091, the fourth-highest household income of any county in the nation behind Loudoun County, Virginia, Falls Church, Virginia, and Santa Clara County, California.
The county covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula. The county is predominantly suburban and is home to many corporate campuses.
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History

San Mateo County was formed in 1856 upon the division of San Francisco County, one of the state's 18 original counties established at California statehood in 1850. Until 1856, San Francisco's city limits extended west to Divisadero Street and Castro Street, and south to 20th Street. In 1856, the California state government divided the county. A straight line was then drawn across the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula just north of San Bruno Mountain. Everything south of the line became the new San Mateo County while everything north of the line became the new consolidated City and County of San Francisco.
San Mateo County was officially organized on April 18, 1857, under a bill introduced by Senator T.G. Phelps. The 1857 bill defined the southern boundary of San Mateo County as following the south branch of San Francisquito Creek to its source in the Santa Cruz Mountains and thence due west to the Pacific Ocean, and named Redwood City as the county seat. San Mateo County then annexed part of northern Santa Cruz County in March 1868, including Pescadero and Pigeon Point.
Although the formation bill named Redwood City the county seat, a May 1856 election marked by "unblushing frauds perpetuated on an unorganized and wholly unprotected community by thugs and ballot stuffers from San Francisco" named Belmont the county seat. The election results were declared illegal and the county government was moved to Redwood City, with land being donated from the original Pulgas Grant for the county government on February 27, 1858. Redwood City's status as county seat was upheld in two successive elections in May 1861 and December 9, 1873, defeating San Mateo and Belmont. Another election in May 1874 named San Mateo the county seat, but the state supreme court overturned that election on February 24, 1875, and the county seat has remained at Redwood City ever since.
San Mateo County bears the Spanish name for Saint Matthew. As a place name, San Mateo appears as early as 1776 in the diaries of Anza and Font. Several local geographic features were also designated San Mateo on early maps including variously: a settlement, an arroyo, a headland jutting into the Pacific, and a large land holding. Until about 1850, the name appeared as San Matheo.

Japanese Americans in San Mateo

The Japanese first arrived in San Mateo County and were part of a group guided by Ambassador Tomomi Iwakura in 1872. A number of male Japanese students came to San Mateo to learn English and many other helpful skills to bring back to Japan. These students were also some of the first Japanese to join American students in the Belmont School for Boys. These students had to work for their housing and food before classes and in the evenings. Many of the first Japanese immigrants were able to find jobs as gardeners and landscapers in San Mateo. Most of them had a good educational background from their homelands, but their lack of knowledge of the English language made it difficult for them to find other jobs in the beginning.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and is water. It is the third-smallest county in California by land area. A number of bayside watercourses drain the eastern part of the county including San Bruno Creek and Colma Creek. Streams draining the western county include Frenchmans Creek, Pilarcitos Creek, Naples Creek, Arroyo de en Medio, and Denniston Creek. These streams originate along the northern spur of the Santa Cruz Mountains that run through the county. The northern and eastern parts of the county are very heavy densely populated with largely urban and suburban areas, with many of its cities as edge-cities for the Bay Area, while the deep south and the west-central parts of the county are less densely populated with more rural environment and coastal beaches areas.

Features

San Mateo County straddles the San Francisco Peninsula, with the Santa Cruz Mountains running its entire length. The county encompasses a variety of habitats, including estuarine, marine, oak woodland, redwood forest, coastal scrub and oak savannah. There are numerous species of wildlife present, especially along the San Francisco Bay estuarine shoreline, San Bruno Mountain, Fitzgerald Marine Reserve and the forests on the Montara Mountain block. Several creeks discharge to the San Francisco Bay, including San Mateo Creek and Laurel Creek, and several coastal streams discharge to the Pacific Ocean, such as Frenchmans Creek and San Vicente Creek.
Año Nuevo State Marine Conservation Area and Greyhound Rock State Marine Conservation Area are two adjoining marine protected areas off the coast of San Mateo County. Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems.

Flora and fauna

The county is home to several endangered species including the San Francisco garter snake and the San Bruno elfin butterfly, both of which are endemic to San Mateo County. The endangered Ridgway's Rail is also found on the shores of San Francisco Bay, in the cities of Belmont and San Mateo. The endangered wildflower Hickman's potentilla is found near the Pacific Ocean on the lower slopes of Montara Mountain. The endangered wildflowers White-rayed pentachaeta, Pentachaeta bellidiflora, San Mateo Woolly Sunflower, Eriophyllum latilobum, Marin Dwarf Flax, Hesperolinon congestum and the San Mateo Thornmint, Acanthomintha duttonii, are found in the vicinity of the Crystal Springs Reservoir.
In May 2014, a California condor was spotted near Pescadero, a coastal community south of San Francisco—it was the first California condor spotted in San Mateo County since 1904. The condor, tagged with the number "597", and also known as "Lupine", is one of 439 condors living in the wild or captivity in California, Baja California and Arizona. The three-year-old female flew more than north from Pinnacles National Park, in San Benito County, on May 30, and landed on a private, forested property near Pescadero, on the San Mateo County Coast, where it was photographed by a motion-activated wildlife camera. Harold Heath, professor emeritus, of Stanford University was responsible for the 1904 sighting, west of the university campus.
Pumas, also known as cougars or mountain lions, roam the county.
Tule elk were native to San Mateo County and among the "favored foods" of the Ohlone people based on ethnohistoric and archeological evidence there. The discovery of two elk specimens made news in 1962, one a royal elk from a peat bog excavated in Pacifica's historic Laguna Alta, and now in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology collection. These may date from the time of Spanish settlement. Laguna Alta lay just south of the Interstate 280 and Skyline Boulevard intersection, east of Mussel Rock. The California Academy of Sciences also has an elk skull fragment collected one mile inland from the mouth of Purisima Creek in 1951. Additional coastal elk remains dating from the Middle and Late Periods in Northern California were found in at least five more late Holocene archeological sites in San Mateo County: SMA-115, SMA-118, SMA-244, SMA-97 and SMA-218. On the eastern side of the San Francisco Peninsula, elk remains were also unearthed at multiple archaeological sites along San Francisquito Creek.

National protected areas

Marine protected area

County parks

The County of San Mateo Parks Department operates 22 parks, trails, and historic sites spread throughout the county; the first, Memorial Park, was dedicated on July 4, 1924. The County Superintendent of Schools, Roy Cloud, had visited a one-room schoolhouse in Harrison Canyon as part of his duties; at the time, it was thickly forested with old-growth redwoods and he was alarmed when he learned they were scheduled to be logged. He petitioned the County Board of Supervisors to purchase the land instead. The Recreation Commission was not created until 1932, and the park was improved as part of the Works Progress Administration efforts starting in 1935.
No.NameImageEst.SizeCityRef.
1Coyote Point1963San Mateo/Burlingame
2Crystal SpringsBurlingame
3Devil's SlidePacifica/Montara
4Edgewood1980Redwood City
5Fitzgerald1969Moss Beach
6FloodMenlo Park
7Friendship<Redwood City
8Huddart1948Woodside
9Junipero Serra1960San Bruno
10Memorial1924Loma Mar
11Mirada SurfEl Granada
12Moss Beach2014Moss Beach
13Pescadero Creek1968Loma Mar
14Pillar Point2011Moss Beach
15QuarryEl Granada
16Sam McDonald1970Loma Mar
17San Bruno Mountain1978Brisbane
18San Pedro Valley1970sPacifica
19Sanchez Adobe1953Pacifica
20Tunitas Creek BeachHalf Moon Bay
21Woodside Store1940—Woodside
22Wunderlich1974Woodside

;Notes
Prior to the rebuilding of the San Mateo Bridge that began in 1996, the county had also operated Werder Pier for fishermen; it had been the western segment of the original 1929 vertical-lift bridge.
In addition to the county-operated parks, San Mateo County voters created the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District in 1972, administered by the Peninsula Open Space Trust, which owns several protected spaces within San Mateo County. San Mateo County protected spaces administered by POST include:

State parks

State beaches

Demographics

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 764,442 and a median age of 39.9 years. 20.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older; for every 100 females there were 97.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 95.6 males age 18 and over.
The racial makeup of the county was 39.3% White, 2.1% Black or African American, 0.9% American Indian and Alaska Native, 30.1% Asian, 1.2% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 14.1% from some other race, and 12.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 25.0% of the population.
98.3% of residents lived in urban areas, while 1.7% lived in rural areas.
There were 269,417 households in the county, of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 24.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
There were 283,693 housing units, of which 5.0% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 56.5% were owner-occupied and 43.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.6% and the rental vacancy rate was 4.9%.

2012

As of 2012, San Mateo County had one of the largest Tongan communities outside of Tonga, with an estimated 13,000 Tongan Americans.

2010

The 2010 United States census reported that San Mateo County had a population of 718,451. The racial makeup of San Mateo County was 383,535 White, 20,436 African American, 3,306 Native American, 178,118 Asian, 10,317 Pacific Islander, 84,529 from other races, and 38,210 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 182,502 persons ; 15.7% of San Mateo County is Mexican, 2.7% Salvadoran, 1.2% Guatemalan, 1.2% Nicaraguan, 0.7% Peruvian, 0.6% Puerto Rican, 0.2% Colombian, and 0.2% Cuban.
Demographic profile2010
Total Population718,451 - 100.0%
One Race680,241 - 94.7%
Not Hispanic or Latino535,949 - 74.6%
White alone303,609 - 42.3%
Black or African American alone18,763 - 2.6%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone1,125 - 0.2%
Asian alone175,934 - 24.5%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone9,884 - 1.4%
Some other race alone2,709 - 0.4%
Two or more races alone23,925 - 3.3%
Hispanic or Latino 182,502 - 25.4%

2000

As of the census of 2009, there were 714,936 people, 258,648 households, and 174,582 families residing in the county. The population density was. There were 284,471 housing units at an average density of. 7.4% were of Italian, 7.1% Irish, 7.0% German and 5.3% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 46.9% spoke English, 28.4% Spanish, 6.2% Tagalog, 4.0% Chinese or Mandarin and 1.1% Cantonese, and other language 4.2%, as their first language from estimate census 2009.
There were 258,648 households, out of which 30% had children under the age of 18, 48.6% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.7% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.79 and the average family size was 4.44.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 15.9% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 21% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $69,306, and the median income for a family was $77,737. Males had a median income of $48,342 versus $45,383 for females. The per capita income for the county was $36,045. About 6.42% of families and 9.51% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.01% of those under age 18 and 8.52% of those age 65 or over.

Government

San Mateo County has a five-member Board of Supervisors, representing five geographic districts. The Board of Supervisors were formerly elected at-large until November 2012. On November 6, 2012, Measure B passed to amend the San Mateo County Charter so that each member of the Board of Supervisors would be elected by voters in his or her district.
  • District 1 is represented by Jackie Speier.
  • District 2 is represented by Noelia Corzo.
  • District 3 is represented by Ray Mueller.
  • District 4 is represented by Warren Slocum.
  • District 5 is represented by David Canepa.
The other county elected officials are:
Elected OfficeName
Assessor–County Clerk–RecorderMark Church
ControllerJuan Raizoga
CoronerRobert Foucrault
District AttorneyStephen M. Wagstaffe
SheriffVacant
Treasurer–Tax CollectorSandie Arnott

San Mateo County is split between California's 15th and 16th congressional districts, represented by and, respectively.
In the California State Assembly, San Mateo County is split between three legislative districts:
  • ,
  • , and
  • .
In the California State Senate, San Mateo is split between the 11th and 13th districts, represented by and, respectively.

Politics

Presidential election results and voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration

CityPopulationRegistered voters
DemocraticRepublicanD-R spreadOtherNo party preference
Atherton7,13769.4%34.7%31.1%+3.6%3.9%30.3%
Belmont26,94158.7%48.5%16.0%+32.5%3.9%31.6%
Brisbane4,67159.8%52.1%10.4%+41.7%5.1%32.4%
Burlingame30,88957.5%47.5%17.2%+30.3%4.0%31.3%
Colma1,48947.1%55.5%11.0%+44.5%3.7%29.8%
Daly City106,28043.9%51.8%9.6%+42.2%3.3%35.3%
East Palo Alto29,31435.9%57.4%6.1%+51.3%4.4%32.1%
Foster City33,90148.9%44.3%16.6%+27.7%2.9%36.2%
Half Moon Bay12,93258.4%47.7%18.3%+29.4%5.6%28.4%
Hillsborough11,38768.5%33.8%30.0%+3.8%3.9%32.3%
Menlo Park34,69855.7%51.6%15.5%+36.1%3.5%29.4%
Millbrae22,39457.4%44.6%15.9%+28.7%3.8%35.7%
Pacifica38,54664.9%53.6%13.1%+40.5%4.7%28.6%
Portola Valley4,56874.7%46.3%22.4%+23.9%3.8%27.5%
Redwood City85,92548.7%50.7%14.9%+35.8%5.9%30.5%
San Bruno42,80753.3%52.0%13.4%+38.6%3.9%30.7%
San Carlos30,18565.3%48.7%18.6%+30.1%3.8%28.9%
San Mateo104,43052.6%50.1%15.5%+34.6%3.9%30.5%
South San Francisco67,78948.6%53.5%10.9%+42.6%3.5%32.1%
Woodside5,45875.2%40.4%26.6%+13.8%4.5%28.5%

Overview

The California Secretary of State, as of February 2019, reports that San Mateo County has 404,958 registered voters. Of those voters, 202,341 are registered Democratic, 60,045 are registered Republican, 15,834 are registered with other political parties, and 126,738 declined to state a political party preference. Every city, town, and unincorporated area of San Mateo County has more registered Democrats than Republicans.
On November 4, 2008, San Mateo County voted 61.8% against Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

CityPopulationViolent crimesViolent crime rate
per 1,000 persons		Property crimesProperty crime rate
per 1,000 persons
Atherton7,06060.8512417.56
Belmont26,389240.9140815.46
Brisbane4,37461.3714232.46
Broadmoor4,264133.056214.54
Burlingame29,427612.0770724.03
Colma1,83273.82287156.66
Daly City103,3112162.091,80317.45
East Palo Alto28,76633311.5858720.41
Foster City31,230180.5834511.05
Hillsborough11,06010.09867.78
Menlo Park32,713531.6262519.11
Pacifica38,041421.1057815.19
Redwood City78,4662082.651,80022.94
San Bruno42,002852.0296122.88
San Mateo99,3032612.631,87618.89
South San Francisco65,0061111.711,32120.32
Overall603,2441,4452.4011,71219.42

Economy

A July 2013 Wall Street Journal article identified the Facebook initial public offering as the cause of a change in the U.S.' national economic statistics, as San Mateo County—the home of the company—became the top wage-earning county in the country after the fourth quarter of 2012. The article revealed that the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the average weekly wage in the county was $3,240, which is 107% higher than the previous year: "That's the equivalent of $168,000 a year, and more than 50% higher than the next highest county, New York County, which came in at $2,107 a week, or roughly $110,000 a year."
As of the fourth quarter of 2021, the median value of homes in San Mateo County was $1,247,070, an increase of 11% from the prior year. It ranked fourth in the U.S. for counties with highest median home value, behind Nantucket, Manhattan, and Santa Clara.
Additionally, San Mateo County hosts the headquarters of Visa Inc, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Electronic Arts, YouTube, Genentech, GoPro, and Gilead Sciences, as well as a hub of venture capital firms in Menlo Park and several other technology-related companies.
In 2016, Peninsula Clean Energy began providing electricity to 20 percent of residential customers, all municipalities, and all small- to mid-size businesses in the county, as a Community Choice Aggregation program, an alternative to Pacific Gas and Electric.

Education

The people of San Mateo County may use the services of San Mateo County Libraries along with the Peninsula Library System and its dozens of branches, bookmobile and Library-a-Go-Go machine at the Millbrae BART/Caltrain station.
The county is divided into several public school districts and is also served by the local Catholic diocese and many other private parochial and secular schools. The San Mateo County Board of Education oversees early education, special education, and the court and community schools program in the county, as well as serves as an appeal board for the adjudication of expulsion appeals, interdistrict attendance appeals, and charter schools.
Some students in San Mateo County's public schools attend outdoor education in La Honda. San Mateo Outdoor Education is a residential school that teaches major concepts of ecology via exploration of forest, pond, garden, tidepool, wetland, and sandy shore habitats. The center's mascot is the banana slug, a large yellow gastropod. The school uses songs from the famous Banana Slug String Band.

K-12 school districts

They include:
; Unified
; Secondary
; Elementary

Private schools

Offering secondary education:

Higher education

There are three community colleges in San Mateo County, all of which belong to the San Mateo County Community College District:

Transportation

Major highways

Public transportation

Rail

Caltrain, the commuter rail system, connects ten cities in the county with San Francisco and San Jose / Gilroy, running between the Highway 101 and El Camino Real corridors for most of the way. There are 13 stations in San Mateo County, of which 12 have daily service; the ten cities with stations stretch from Brisbane on the north to Menlo Park on the south.
;Caltrain stations in San Mateo County, from north to south:
Bay Area Rapid Transit trains serve San Francisco International Airport and the northern portion of the county, paralleling El Camino Real / Mission Boulevard at six stations between Daly City and Millbrae, including the station at SFO.
;BART stations in San Mateo County, from north to south:
The only direct connection between Caltrain and BART is at Millbrae station.

Bus

SamTrans provides local bus service within San Mateo County with some routes connecting to the Palo Alto Transit Center in Santa Clara County and Salesforce Transit Center in San Francisco. Approximately of all SamTrans bus routes travel along El Camino Real, and route ECR, the primary bus route on El Camino, carries approximately 25% of SamTrans ridership.
Each Caltrain and BART station has connections to SamTrans routes. In addition, Daly City station is served by SF Muni bus routes. There are many free shuttles that operate from Caltrain, BART, and Ferry stations along fixed routes to local employers during weekday commuting hours.
Overnight rail service is substituted by All Nighter bus service, split between SamTrans routes 397 and ECR Owl.

Airports

San Francisco International Airport is geographically located in San Mateo County, east of Highway 101 near San Bruno and Millbrae, but it is owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco.
San Mateo County owns two general aviation airports: Half Moon Bay Airport and San Carlos Airport.

Marine transport

The only deepwater port in South San Francisco Bay is the Port of Redwood City, situated along Redwood Creek, originally created as a lumber embarcadero in 1850. The San Mateo Harbor Harbor District manages the Pillar Point Harbor and Oyster Point Marina.
The San Francisco Bay Ferry operates routes connecting the South San Francisco Ferry Terminal in Oyster Point to the Oakland Ferry Terminal in Jack London Square and the Alameda Ferry Terminal in Alameda. A free shuttle is provided to connect ferry passengers to the South San Francisco Caltrain station, via several business parks on Oyster Point.

Notable structures

There are a number of well-known structures within San Mateo County:

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 United States census of San Mateo County.
† county seat
RankLocationMunicipal typePopulation
1San MateoCharter city105,661
2Daly CityGeneral-law city104,901
3† 'Redwood CityCharter city84,292
4South San FranciscoGeneral-law city66,105
5San BrunoGeneral-law city43,908
6PacificaGeneral-law city38,640
7Foster CityGeneral-law city33,805
8Menlo ParkGeneral-law city33,780
9BurlingameGeneral-law city31,386
10San CarlosGeneral-law city30,722
11East Palo AltoGeneral-law city30,034
12BelmontGeneral-law city28,335
13MillbraeGeneral-law city23,216
14North Fair OaksCensus-designated place14,027
15Half Moon BayGeneral-law city11,795
16HillsboroughGeneral-law city11,387
17AthertonGeneral-law city7,188
18El GranadaCensus-designated place5,481
19WoodsideGeneral-law city5,309
20BrisbaneGeneral-law city4,851
21Portola ValleyGeneral-law city4,456
22BroadmoorCensus-designated place4,411
23Emerald Lake HillsCensus-designated place4,406
24West Menlo ParkCensus-designated place3,930
25Moss BeachCensus-designated place3,214
26MontaraCensus-designated place2,833
27HighlandsCensus-designated place2,359
28Baywood ParkCensus-designated place1,693
29LaderaCensus-designated place1,557
30ColmaGeneral-law city1,507
31La HondaCensus-designated place979
32PescaderoCensus-designated place595
33Loma Mar'Census-designated place134