San Jose del Monte


San Jose del Monte, officially the City of San Jose del Monte, is a component city in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the, it has a population of people, making it the largest local government unit within the province of Bulacan and Central Luzon, and the 18th most populated city in the Philippines.
It was proclaimed as a component city on 10 September 2000, through Republic Act No. 8797. Its conversion into a highly urbanized city was by virtue of Proclamation No. 1057 issued by President Rodrigo Duterte on 4 December 2020; the conversion was rejected on a referendum held on 30 October 2023, by the voters of Bulacan including the concerned city.
San José del Monte derived its name from Saint Joseph, whose statue was found in a veritable forest. The hunters called it as such, which means “Saint Joseph of the Mountain” in Spanish.
WWW Official Site

History

Early accounts of the founding of the city, as gathered from the old people, contend that it was formerly a part of the town of Meycauayan. This is supported by a decree from the Archbishop of Manila dated March 1750 on the creation of new municipalities. The municipality of San Jose del Monte was then officially founded on 2 March 1752.
The decree included the list of families who volunteered to be relocated. These families, most if not all from Lagulo in Meycauayan, brought with them rice, wine, nganga, and salt in exchange for the wild pigs, deer, yantok, and almasigan of the Itas and Dumagats, the native inhabitants of the area. Solares, including intended lots for main roads, were peacefully distributed to the new occupants after being measured and surveyed.
In all probability, the hunters reported their findings to the parish priest of Meycauayan. It was said that the priest built a stone church at the site where the town proper is now located. The statue was installed in the new church. Extant Catholic Church records reveal that the first parish priest was Father Antonio de Moral. He took charge of the parish in 1845.
During the revolt against Spain, the town became a battleground between the Katipuneros and the Spanish forces. The revolutionaries lost and the vengeful Spanish soldiers burned down the settlement. The townspeople fled for their lives to nearby towns. At the advent of American rule, it was made a part of Santa Maria until 1918 when the town was recreated and Ciriaco Gallardo appointed the first municipal president. Public schools were opened at the start of the American regime but due to the scarcity of the population, the highest grade organized was at the fourth grade.
During the Japanese occupation, the town became an ideal hiding place for the locally recognized guerrillas because of the town's hilly and wooden terrain. The Japanese Imperial Army took over the local government of San Jose del Monte from 1942 to 1943. In resistance, the municipality formed its guerrilla unit. San Jose del Monte experienced large casualties when the Americans bombed the town center on 11 January 1945, and again on 14 January 1945. When the combined Filipino and American troops came, peace reigned but not for long.
At the height of the Hukbalahap Rebellion, the town was raided on 10 October 1950. The Huks burned down the town hall. The town was raided for the second time on 21 March 1951. The Huks did not succeed because of the precautionary measures instituted by the town officials after which the Huks were gradually eliminated.
In the 1980s, thousands of informal settlers from Metro Manila were relocated to San Jose del Monte. Due to the large number of residents, Bulacan Governor Roberto Pagdanganan recalled in 1996 that the relocation did not ensure new livelihoods for its informal settlers, thus turning many squatters toward criminality; he noted that the town had the highest crime rate in the province according to police reports.
In 1988, Eduardo Roquero was elected mayor of the municipality by a margin of eight votes against his closest opponent, reelectionist Reynaldo Villano.
On 14 February 2024, Luneta Morales, an 83-year-old choir member was killed due to chest injuries while 63 attendees suffered multiple injuries when the "Vicariate of Saint Joseph" 30-year-old balcony-gallery, weakened by infesting termites collapsed during an Ash Wednesday service past 7 a.m. PHT. Malolos Bishop Dennis Villarojo said "those affected and their families are being assisted by the Diocese of Malolos with parish priest Fr. Rómulo Pérez and his parochial vicar Fr. Divino Cayanan.
On 13 February 2025, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines unveiled the city’s first historical marker on Saint Joseph the Worker Parish at Barangay Población I, recognizing its historical value for the city since its construction first as a visita of Meycauayan before becoming a separate parish on 11 February 1752, more than a month after San José del Monte became a separate municipality. This comes with the groundbreaking event for constructing the San José del Monte Historical Center at the former city hall site before its transfer to Barangay Dulong Bayan. It would be the city’s first museum.

Cityhood

2000 plebiscite and later events

In December 1999, district representative Angelito Sarmiento filed the bill converting the then municipality of San Jose del Monte into a component city. This was approved on July 15, 2000 as Republic Act No. 8797.
A plebiscite was held on September 10, 2000. Despite a low turnout, the cityhood was approved mostly by migrants, mainly from Metro Manila which composed seventy percent of the residents by then; only nine of the 59 villages voted against the bill. The official proclamation was held in the evening. San Jose del Monte became the first city in Bulacan since Malolos failed in the cityhood bid in December 1999. It was also recorded as the country's 86th chartered city.
Through RA No. 9230, amending the city charter and approved on December 18, 2003, the city was granted its own legislative district, the province's first lone district, while barangays were classified into two districts for purposes of representation in the Sangguniang Panlungsod. Officers were to be first elected in 2004.

Highly urbanized city

On 4 December 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte declared San Jose del Monte as a highly urbanized city through Proclamation No. 1057. However, it will have to go through a plebiscite to ratify its city charter. It was supposed to be held four months after the 2022 national and local elections but it was overdue ever since then. Hence, the proclamation remained pending for its HUC status for a long time beyond the national and local elections. On 11 September 2023, COMELEC, released a resolution that synchronized the plebiscite on 30 October 2023, along with the 2023 Philippine [barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections|barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections].
The majority of voters in the Province of Bulacan rejected the conversion, as declared by the COMELEC two days after the plebiscite. Meanwhile, a tenth of those who joined did not vote, leaving blank ballots.

Geography

The elevation of the city ranges from approximately above sea level; the relief transitions from warm lowland to cool upland as one goes eastward. This is because the city is part of the Sierra Madre mountain range. Plains and river valley flats characterize the western and southwestern quadrant. The central portion and much of its eastern section are made up of undulating hills with low relief. High relief areas and moderate slopes best describe its extreme eastern and northwestern quadrant. Slopes of 3%-8% are extensively found in the city, particularly in the western half. Slopes of 30%-50% comprise the smallest portion of the total land area.
The rivers and creeks that flow in San Jose del Monte are from the Sierra Madre montain range. Major natural waterways of San Jose del Monte are the Kipungok, Santo Cristo, and Santa Maria River systems. Kipungok River separates San Jose del Monte from Caloocan and Rodriguez. It is directly connected to the Marilao River, which flows downwards to Manila Bay. Draining to these rivers are creeks and streams, which act as catchment areas for the surface water runoff of the city. Among these are the Bigte, Kantulot, Katinga, and Salamin creeks.
Located in the southeast of the province, it is bordered by the cities of Caloocan and Quezon City in Metro Manila to the south, by the municipality of Rodríguez in Rizal to the east, the municipalities of Santa María and Marilao to the west and Norzagaray to the north. San Jose del Monte is from Malolos and from Manila.
The city is home to some of the biggest resettlement areas in the Philippines like the Sapang Palay resettlement area spread over 36 barangays in second district, Pabahay 2000 in Barangay Muzon South, San Jose Del Monte Heights in Barangay Muzon East, Towerville I-V in Barangay Minuyan Proper, and Towerville VI in Barangay Gaya-Gaya. Most of the city's population come from former informal settlers along the creeks, esteros, riverbanks and railway tracks of Metro Manila. Also, many private residential subdivision have been establish in the city.

General Land Use

Growing commercial, residential, and light industrial areas, are found all over the city at major road intersections and along major thoroughfares. However, the bulk of San Jose del Monte's built-up areas are mostly west of Quirino Highway at the primary level to gently sloping 8% terrain, dividing the city into a heavily built-up western section and the largely agricultural eastern section. Most of the city's schools, government institutions, commercial developments, industries, and other urban amenities are in this section. The largest contiguous built-up area is at Sapang Palay Resettlement Project area, followed by the conurbation in Tungkong Mangga and Muzon.
The developments east of the Quirino Highway are mostly scattered residential areas and agricultural lands. However, there are a few subdivisions that are some distance away from Ciudad Real and take advantage of its secluded and rural atmosphere. These are the Blessed Sacrament Seminary and an Augustinian convent.
In between the built-up clusters are pockets of agricultural lands, which are continuously converted into built-up uses. Planted in these lands are crops such as rice and corn. The clustering pattern for both built-up and agricultural uses is partly due to the decisions made by settlers about the hilly conditions that dominate the topography. Most households in the western half of San Jose del Monte opted to convert their lands to residential uses while others maintained the farms. This left upland uses, such as those about forest use, more common towards the easternmost zones.
Most vegetative outgrowths are in areas that are difficult to build on. But there are instances when these outgrowths are integrated into the built-up areas, usually found in the West: several heavily vegetated areas. Supplementing these are mini forest projects of the city government. The City Agriculture Office maintains a Mini Forest Project in Barangay Muzon along the San Jose del Monte–Marilao Road and a mahogany planting site.

Barangays

San Jose del Monte is politically subdivided into 62 barangays, as shown in the matrix below. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
It was originally made up of only five barangays: Población, Halang, Sapang Palay, Santo Cristo, and Gaya-Gaya. Over time, these five mother barangays were divided to provide better accommodation for the people, particularly in the Sapang Palay Resettlement Area, which stretches to Minuyan.
There is an ongoing land dispute with the municipality of Norzagaray, Bulacan regarding both territories. Such disputes can be located in the upper portion of Assumption, the eastern portion of Santo Niño II, the eastern portion of San Martín de Porres, the eastern portion of Lawang Pari, the eastern portion of Minuyan Proper, Kaybanban, San Roque, Paradise III, San Isidro, the upper portion of Tungkong Mangga, the upper portion of Ciudad Real barangays in San José del Monte and lower portion of Tigbe, the lower portion of Bitungol, the lower portion of Minuyan, lower portion of Bigte, lower portion of San Mateo, mountainous portion of San Lorenzo in Norzagaray.
Historical maps of Bulacan, before the creation of Doña Remedios Trinidad, indicate that both territories of San José del Monte and Norzagaray stretch up to Tayabas province.
These barangays are grouped into two districts, the first with a ZIP Code of 3023, and the second with 3024. Twenty-six barangays comprise the first district while the 36 barangays located in Sapang Palay compose the second district.
The city's former administrative center was located in Población 1, which is now transferred to Dulong Bayan, which is now the city's new seat of government. San Jose del Monte has 4 major urban centers, called nodes: Muzon node, Poblacion node, Sapang Palay node, and Tungkong Mangga node.
The most recently created barangays are Muzon Proper, Muzon East, Muzon West, and Muzon South created by dividing Barangay Muzon. The four barangays were made through the approval of a law on 25 March 2023 through a referendum.
BarangayDistrictPopulationArea Density ZIP Code
Ciudad RealFirst1,826141413023
Dulong BayanFirst11,008407.5273023
Francisco Homes-GuijoFirst6,97244.581563023
Francisco Homes-MulawinFirst11,22682.011373023
Francisco Homes-NarraFirst8,29345.571823023
Francisco Homes-YakalFirst3,72131.661183023
Gaya-GayaFirst56,896511.31113023
GracevilleFirst42,207254.51663023
Gumaoc CentralFirst4,12311.233673023
Gumaoc EastFirst5,37613.73923023
Gumaoc WestFirst8,88531.292843023
KaybanbanFirst3,245401.183023
KaypianFirst46,045464.6993023
MaharlikaFirst3,05724.631243023
Muzon EastFirst127,506959.61333023
Muzon ProperFirst127,506959.61333023
Muzon WestFirst127,506959.61333023
Muzon SouthFirst127,506959.61333023
Paradise IIIFirst5,3181,10853023
PoblaciónFirst2,27362.94363023
Población IFirst5,61783.86673023
San IsidroFirst4,282113443023
San ManuelFirst11,43292.521243023
San RoqueFirst2,492268.493023
Santo CristoFirst49,579769.2643023
Tungkong ManggaFirst16,3241652103023
Sapang Palay ProperSecond5,804432.0133024
Area A - Minuyan ProperSecond46,171810.2573024
Area A - Minuyan ISecond3,33314.522303024
Area A - Minuyan IISecond5,9778.0257453024
Area A - Minuyan IIISecond2,67316.841593024
Area A - Minuyan IVSecond4,76933.821413024
Area A - Minuyan VSecond2,20014.381533024
Area B - Bagong Buhay ISecond7,26442.921693024
Area B - Bagong Buhay IISecond4,17526.811563024
Area B - Bagong Buhay IIISecond5,69820.082843024
Area C - San Martín ISecond4,09520.631983024
Area C - San Martín IISecond3,52710.223453024
Area C - San Martín IIISecond3,69512.143043024
Area C - San Martín IVSecond4,08515.812583024
Area D - Santa Cruz ISecond4,85422.432163024
Area D - Santa Cruz IISecond3,4059.9383423024
Area D - Santa Cruz IIISecond3,02910.202973024
Area D - Santa Cruz IVSecond3,17514.362213024
Area D - Santa Cruz VSecond3,8117.9424803024
Area E - Fátima ISecond3,10910.13083024
Area E - Fátima IISecond1,8906.4232943024
Area E - Fátima IIISecond1,9225.9153253024
Area E - Fátima IVSecond2,1218.3372543024
Area E - Fátima VSecond2,19520.961053024
Area F - San PedroSecond16,43977.152133024
Area G - CitrusSecond22,89389.762553024
Area H - San Rafael ISecond3,36226.271283024
Area H - San Rafael IISecond8,1399.6178463024
Area H - San Rafael IIISecond2,71810.352633024
Area H - San Rafael IVSecond6,44716.503913024
Area H - San Rafael VSecond2,8446.7984183024
Area I - AssumptionSecond4,36224.681773024
Area I - Lawang PariSecond5,07526.821893024
Area I - Santo Niño ISecond2,61024.161083024
Area I - Santo Niño IISecond3,74620.601823024
Area I - San Martín de PorresSecond2,47018.481343024

Demographics

In the 2020 census, the population of San Jose del Monte was 651,813 people, with a density of. This makes it the largest local government unit in Bulacan province. It is also the largest city in Central Luzon.
With the coming of settlers to San Jose del Monte, its population increased tremendously. Its population increased dramatically since the 1950s as the population tended to move from rural areas to towns and cities. Its proximity to Manila allowed it to accommodate its spillover population. This is further hastened by the development of nearby Quezon City and the accompanying increase in population and infrastructure.
The forced relocation of informal settlers and the lure of government to provide them with their own homes allowed the town to continue to grow despite the lack of government facilities. As such, San Jose del Monte exhibited an increasing percentage share of the provincial population from as low as 2% in 1960 to 9% in 1990 and then to 17% in 2015. The town surpassed the population of Meycauayan in the 1980 census and Malolos in the 1990 census, then the largest towns of Bulacan. By 2015, it has more than two times the population of the now second place Santa María town.
If current population growth holds, the population of San Jose del Monte is expected to double and breach one million by the 2030 Census.

Languages

The city, along with the municipalities of San Miguel, Doña Remedios Trinidad, and Norzagaray, is the homeland of the Dumagat Kabuloan or Alta Kabuloan, the first inhabitants of Bulacan, with a language named exactly as their people. Their language is currently endangered and is in dire need of local government intervention. The majority of residents in the town are native speakers of the Tagalog language.

Economy

Agriculture

Major crops are leafy vegetables, root crops, pineapple, mango, and coffee beans.

Livestock and poultry

The major income earner is large- and small-scale swine production. There are 60 commercial livestock and poultry farms in the city. The major poultry producers are RFM Corporation, Vitarich, and FELDAN.

Trade and commerce

The city has three major business district growth areas: Tungkong Mangga, Muzon, and Sapang Palay. They are in wholesale and retail trade.
The minor business districts include Towerville in Minuyan Proper, Palmera in Kaypian, Northgate in Santo Cristo, Citrus, Poblacion 1, Grotto in Graceville, Francisco Homes, Gumaoc, and San Rafael III.
Commercial and thrift banks, pawnshops, and cooperatives provide financial services. There are two major malls: Starmall San Jose del Monte in Palmera and SM City San Jose del Monte in Tungkong Mangga.

Tourism

Mount Balagbag and Kaytitinga Falls are the main tourist attractions in the city. A portion of the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve also extends to San Jose del Monte.VS Orchids Farm is the biggest orchids nursery and ornamental plants farm in Bulacan owned by Rolita Spowart, 3 Manila Seedling Bank Foundation, Quezon City. Hundreds of orchids species are nurtured in this 1.8 hectars flora haven.

Infrastructure

Transportation

The city is serviced by bus routes going to and from Parañaque, Santa Cruz in Manila, Quezon City, and Ninoy Aquino International Airport. Jeepney, modern-jeepney, and minibus routes also ply the roads between the city and neighboring cities and towns in Metro Manila and Bulacan.

Road Network

San Jose del Monte's road network has a total length of. The following are the main arteries of San Jose del Monte's road network which link the 59 barangays with Metro Manila and the rest of Bulacan.Quirino Highway is a national road that stretches from the town of Norzagaray to Quezon City.Bocaue–San Jose Road, also called Gov. Fortunato Halili Avenue, is a provincial road that links the city passing through Tungkong Mangga via Muzon to the town of Santa María, Bocaue and to the North Luzon Expressway.Sapang Palay–Santa Maria Road links the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project to the town of Santa María passing through Barangay Bulac, Barangay Catmon, and Barangay San José Patag in the said town.San Jose–Marilao Road, also referred to as Miguel Villarica Road, and formerly, but still used commonly, Carriedo Street, links the city with the municipality of Marilao and to the North Luzon Expressway. Dr. Eduardo V. Roquero Avenue links the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project to Quirino Highway and in the opposite end to Sapang Palay Proper.Igay Provincial Road connects Quirino Highway to Rodríguez, Rizal, passing through Santo Cristo, Kaybanban, San Roque, Paradise III, and San Isidro.Kaypian Road connects Barangay Dulong Bayan to Starmall–San Jose del Monte via Barangay Kaypian and links to Quirino Highway.Circumferential Road 6 bypasses the city of San Jose del Monte that the project initially would link Metro Manila with the provinces of Bulacan in the north, Rizal in the east, and Cavite in the south via Phase 2, passing through the cities of Pasig, Taguig, and Muntinlupa.North Luzon East Expressway bypasses through the city of San Jose del Monte and connects to Cabanatuan in Nueva Ecija.

Railway Network

The city is also the site of the under-preparation terminus of Manila Metro Rail Transit Line 7. The initial location of the said station, named San Jose del Monte Station, would be located near the area of Colinas Verdes, a subdivision in Tungkong Mangga, San Jose del Monte, passing through Tala, North Caloocan, and barangay Ciudad Real.
However, due to the appeals the residents of Pangarap Village in Tala over years of land dispute and right-of-way issues, in 2021, the railway leading to the station was realigned, now passing through Quirino Highway instead of passing through the said disputed residential community, and the new site of San Jose del Monte station would now be located on a vast vacant lot alongside Skyline Hospital and Medical Center.

Water

The bulk of the city's water requirement is being served by the San José del Monte City Water District, together via Joint Venture Agreement to PrimeWater Corporation.

Power

Power distribution is being undertaken by the Manila Electric Company. The city hosts the biggest National Grid Corporation of the Philippines sub-station in the country in Barangay Dulong Bayan.

Telecommunications/communications

Landline telephone systems are provided by the PLDT and Globe.
Internet service is available through SPC Cable Network, PLDT Home Fiber and DSL, Globe Fiber, Red fiber, Streamtech and Converge Fiber X.
Mobile telephone services are provided by Smart Communications, Globe Telecom, and Dito Telecommunity.

Education

Public Universities

  • Bulacan State University, Sarmiento Campus

Colleges

Public high schools

  • Angelito M. Sarmiento High School
  • Citrus National High School
  • City of San José del Monte National Science High School
  • Graceville National High School
  • Kakawate National High School
  • Kaypian National High School
  • Marangal National High School
  • Minuyan National High School
  • Muzón Harmony Hills High School
  • Paradise Farms National High School
  • San José del Monte Heights High School
  • San José del Monte National High School
  • San José del Monte National Trade School
  • San Manuel National High School
  • San Martín National High School
  • San Rafael National High School
  • Santo Cristo National High School
  • Sapang Palay National High School
  • Towerville National High School

Government

Local government

Like other cities in the Philippines, San Jose del Monte is governed by a mayor and vice mayor elected to three-year terms. The mayor is the executive head and leads the city's departments in executing the city ordinances and improving public services. The vice mayor heads a legislative council consisting of 12 members: 6 from District I and 6 from District II. The council is in charge of creating the city's policies.

Government officials (2025–28)

Elected local officials, such as the representative, mayor, vice mayor, and twelve councilors, are currently serving their terms that last from 2025 to 2028.

Congress representation

The city has a lone legislative district, being represented in the country's House of Representatives.

Notable personalities

Politics

Sports

Music, Film, and Television