List of Roman external wars and battles

8th century BC

• Wars with the Romans and the Sabines
• Conquest of Cameria
• War with Fidenae and Veii

  7th century BC

• Second war with Fidenae and Veii
• Second Sabine War
• Roman–Latin wars

  6th century BC

• Roman–Sabine wars
• War with the Volsci
• War with Gabii
• War with the Rutuli
• Roman-Etruscan wars
• * 509 BC – Overthrow of the Roman monarchy – According to the traditional account, Roman aristocrats expel Etruscan king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, abolish the Roman Kingdom and establish the Roman Republic. Many details are generally accepted to be fictional, but scholars disagree about the degree to which the legendary narratives may or may not have a foundation in historical fact.
• * 509 BC – Battle of Silva Arsia – The Romans defeated the forces of Tarquinii and Veii led by the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. One of the Roman consuls, Lucius Junius Brutus, is killed in battle.
• * 508 BC – War between Clusium and Aricia – According to Livy, King Lars Porsena of the Etruscan city of Clusium besieged Rome on behalf of Tarquinius Superbus. The outcome is debated, but tradition states that it was a Roman victory. The Clusians then besieged the Latin town of Aricia, which received support from the Latin League as well as the Greek colony of Cumae and destroyed the Clusian army. Livy doesn't say whether the Romans participated as allies of Aricia, but defeated and surviving Etruscan soldiers were given refuge and medical treatment in Rome. He claimed some who stayed behind were given homes in a neighbourhood later known as the 'Tuscan quarter'.
• Pometian Revolt
• * 502 BC – Battle of Pometia – The Romans put down the revolt of Pometia and Cora.

  5th century BC

• First Latin War
• * 496 BC – Battle of Lake Regillus – Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis defeats Tarquinius Superbus.
• 495 BC – Battle of Aricia – consul Publius Servilius Priscus Structus defeats the Aurunci.
• Wars with the Volsci and the Aequi
• * 493 BC – Battle of Corioli – the Volscian army is defeated thanks to the vigilance of Gnaeus Marcius.
• * 482 BC – Battle of Antium – the Volsci defeat consul Lucius Aemilius Mamercus.
• * 482 BC – Battle of Longula – consul Lucius Aemilius Mamercus defeats the Volsci the day after his defeat in the Battle of Antium.
• * 458 BC – Battle of Mount Algidus – Cincinnatus defeats the Aequi.
• * 446 BC – Battle of Corbio – Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus leads Roman troops to defeat the Aequi and the Volsci.
• 480 BC – Battle of Veii – Consuls Marcus Fabius Vibulanus and Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus win a heavy battle against Veians and their Etruscan allies. Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus and former consul Quintus Fabius are slain.
• 477 BC –
• * Battle of the Cremera – All the Fabii except Quintus Fabius Vibulanus are killed in battle with the Veientes.
• * Battle of the Temple of Hope – Consul Gaius Horatius Pulvillus fights indecisive battle with the Etruscans.
• * Battle of Colline Gate – Consul Gaius Horatius Pulvillus has indecisive victory over the Etruscan civilization soon after the Battle of the Temple of Hope.

  4th century BC

• Roman-Etruscan Wars
• * 396 BC – Battle of Veii – Romans complete conquest of Veii.
• 390 BC – Battle of the Allia – Gauls defeat the Romans, then sack Rome.
• First Samnite War
• * 342 BC – Battle of Mount Gaurus – Roman general Marcus Valerius Corvus defeats the Samnites.
• * 342 BC – Battle of Saticula – Roman general Aulus Cornelius Cossus Arvina barely escapes disaster and manages to defeat the Samnites.
• * 341 BC – Battle of Suessula – Roman consul Marcus Valerius Corvus defeats the Samnites once more.
• Latin War
• * 339 BC – Battle of Vesuvius – Romans under P. Decius Mus and T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus defeat the rebellious Latins.
• * 338 BC – Battle of Trifanum – Roman general T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus decisively defeats the Latins.
• Second Samnite War
• * 321 BC – Battle of the Caudine Forks – Romans under Spurius Postumius Albinus and T. Verturius Calvinus are defeated by the Samnites under Gaius Pontius.
• * 315 BC – Battle of Lautulae – Romans are defeated by the Samnites.
• * 310 BC – Battle of Lake Vadimo – Romans, led by dictator Lucius Papirius Cursor, defeat the Etruscans.
• * 305 BC – Battle of Bovianum – Roman consuls M. Fulvius and L. Postumius decisively defeat the Samnites.

  3rd century BC

• Third Samnite War
• * 298 BC – Battle of Camerinum – Samnites defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus.
• * 297 BC – Battle of Tifernum – Romans under Quintus Fabius Maximus and Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus defeat the Samnite army led by Gellius Egnatius.
• * 295 BC – Battle of Sentinum – Romans under Fabius Rullianus and Publius Decimus Mus defeat the Samnites and their Etruscan and Gallic allies, forcing the Etruscans, Gauls, and Umbrians to make peace.
• * 293 BC – Battle of Aquilonia – Romans decisively defeat the Samnites.
• War with Gauls and Etruscans
• * 284 BC – Battle of Arretium – A Roman army under Lucius Caecilius Metellus Denter is defeated by the Gauls.
• * 283 BC – Battle of Lake Vadimo – A Roman army under P. Cornelius Dolabella defeats the Etruscans and Gauls.
• * 282 BC – Battle of Populonia – Etruscan resistance to Roman domination of Italy is finally crushed.
• Pyrrhic War
• * 281 BC – Siege of Tarentum - Roman victory
• * 280 BC – Battle of Heraclea – First engagement of Roman and Greek armies, the latter led by Pyrrhus of Epirus, who is victorious, but at great cost.
• * 279 BC – Battle of Asculum – Pyrrhus again defeats the Romans but once again suffers significant casualties in the process.
• * 275 BC – Battle of Beneventum – Inconclusive encounter between Pyrrhus and the Romans under Manius Curius Dentatus.
• * 272 BC – Annexation of Tarentum
• 266 BC – Rome completed the occupation of the Italian Peninsula
• First Punic War
• * 261 BC – Battle of Agrigentum – Carthaginian forces under Hannibal Gisco and Hanno are defeated by the Romans, who attain control of most of Sicily.
• * 260 BC –
• ** Battle of the Lipari Islands – A Roman naval force is defeated by the Carthaginians.
• ** Battle of Mylae – A Roman naval force under C. Duillius defeats the Carthaginian fleet, giving Rome control of the western Mediterranean.
• * 258 BC – Battle of Sulci – Minor Roman victory against the Carthaginian fleet near Sardinia.
• * 257 BC – Battle of Tyndaris – Naval victory of Rome over Carthage in Sicilian waters.
• * 256 BC –
• ** Battle of Cape Ecnomus – A Carthaginian fleet under Hamilcar and Hanno is defeated in an attempt to stop a Roman invasion of Africa by Marcus Atilius Regulus.
• ** Battle of Adys – Romans under Regulus defeat the Carthaginians in North Africa.
• * 255 BC – Battle of Tunis – Carthaginians under Xanthippus, a Greek mercenary, defeat the Romans under Regulus, who is captured.
• * 251 BC – Battle of Panormus – Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal are defeated by the Romans under L. Caecilius Metellus.
• * 250 BC – Siege of Lilybaeum - Siege on the Carthaginian city of Lilybaeum by Roman army under Gaius Atilius Regulus Serranus and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus. Carthaginian victory.
• * 249 BC – Battle of Drepana – Carthage under Adherbal defeat the fleet of Roman admiral Publius Claudius Pulcher.
• * 241 BC – Battle of the Aegates Islands – Roman sea victory over the Carthaginians.
• 238 BCE – Roman conquest of Sardinia
• 237 BCE - Roman conquest of Corsica
• First Illyrian War
• Roman-Gallic wars
• * 225 BC – Battle of Faesulae – Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy.
• * 225 BC – Battle of Telamon – Romans under Aemilius Papus and Gaius Atilius Regulus defeat the Gauls.
• * 222 BC – Battle of Clastidium – Romans under Marcus Claudius Marcellus defeat the Gauls.
• * 216 BC – Battle of Silva Litana - Roman army under Lucius Postumius Albinus is ambushed by the Boii and crushed under falling trees.
• Gaulish invasion of northern Italy
• * 200 BC – Battle of Cremona – Roman forces defeat the Gauls of Cisalpine Gaul.
• 220–219 BCE Second Illyrian War
• Second Punic War
• * 218 BC –
• ** Battle of Lilybaeum – First naval clash between the navies of Carthage and Rome during the Second Punic War; Roman victory.
• ** Battle of Cissa – Romans defeat Carthaginians near Tarraco and gain control of the territory north of the Ebro River.
• ** Battle of the Ticinus – Hannibal defeats the Romans under Publius Cornelius Scipio the elder in a cavalry fight.
• ** Battle of the Trebia – Hannibal defeats the Romans under Tiberius Sempronius Longus with the use of an ambush.
• * 217 BC –
• ** Battle of Ebro River – In a surprise attack, Romans defeat and capture the Carthaginian fleet in Hispania.
• ** Battle of Lake Trasimene – In another ambush, Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Gaius Flaminius, who is killed.
• ** Battle of Ager Falernus – Avoiding destruction with deceit, Hannibal escapes Fabius' trap in this small skirmish.
• * 216 BC –
• ** Battle of Cannae – Hannibal destroys the main Roman army of Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Publius Terentius Varro in what is considered one of the great masterpieces of the tactical art.
• ** Battle of Silva Litana – The Boii ambushed and destroyed a Roman army of 25,000 men.
• ** First Battle of Nola – Roman general Marcus Claudius Marcellus holds off an attack by Hannibal.
• ** Battle of Cornus –
• ** Battle of Hibera –
• ** Battle of Cumae –
• * 215 BC –
• ** Second Battle of Nola – Marcellus again repulses an attack by Hannibal.
• ** Battle of Dertosa – The brothers Gnaeus and Publius Cornelius Scipio defeat Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal Barca, paving later conquest of Spain.
• * 214 BC – Third Battle of Nola – Marcellus fights an inconclusive battle with Hannibal.
• * 212 BC –
• ** First Battle of Capua – Hannibal defeats the consuls Q. Fulvius Flaccus and Appius Claudius, but the Roman army escapes
• ** Battle of the Silarus – Hannibal destroys the army of the Roman praetor M. Centenius Penula.
• ** Battle of Herdonia – Hannibal destroys the Roman army of the praetor Gnaeus Fulvius.
• * 211 BC –
• ** Battle of the Upper Baetis – Publius and Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio are killed in battle with the Carthaginians under Hasdrubal Barca
• ** Second Battle of Capua – Hannibal is not able to break the Roman siege of the city.
• * 210 BC –
• ** Second Battle of Herdonia – Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Fulvius Centumalus, who is killed.
• ** Battle of Numistro – Hannibal defeats Marcellus once more
• * 209 BC –
• ** Battle of Asculum – Hannibal once again defeats Marcellus, in an indecisive battle
• ** Battle of New Carthage – Scipio Africanus Major defeats a Carthaginian garrison under Mago, paving the way for further Roman expansion into Spain.
• * 208 BC – Battle of Baecula – Romans in Hispania under P. Cornelius Scipio the Younger defeat Hasdrubal Barca.
• * 207 BC –
• ** Battle of Grumentum – Roman general Gaius Claudius Nero fights an indecisive battle with Hannibal.
• ** Battle of the Metaurus – Hasdrubal is defeated and killed by Nero's Roman army.
• ** Battle of Carmona – Romans under Publius Cornelius Scipio besiege the city of Carmona and take it from Hasdrubal Gisco
• * 206 BC –
• ** Battle of Ilipa – Scipio again decisively defeats the remaining Carthaginian forces in Hispania.
• ** Battle of the Guadalquivir – Roman army under Gaius Lucius Marcius Séptimus defeats a Carthaginian army under Hannón at Guadalquivir.
• ** Battle of Carteia – Roman fleet under Gaius Laelius defeats a Carthaginian fleet under Adherbal
• * 204 BC – Battle of Crotona – Hannibal fights a drawn battle against the Roman general Sempronius in Southern Italy.
• * 203 BC – Battle of the Great Plains – Romans under Scipio defeat the Carthaginian army of Hasdrubal Gisco and Syphax. Hannibal is sent to return to Africa.
• * 202 BC, 19 October – Battle of Zama – Scipio Africanus Major decisively defeats Hannibal in North Africa, ending the Second Punic War.
• First Macedonian War