Richland County, South Carolina


Richland County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 416,147, making it the second-most populous county in South Carolina, behind only Greenville County. The county seat and largest community is Columbia, the state capital. The county was established on March 12, 1785. Richland County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2020, the center of population of South Carolina was located in Richland County, in the city of Columbia. The county is also the location of the geographic center of South Carolina, southeast of Columbia.
It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.
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History

Richland County was probably named for its "rich land". The county was formed in 1785 as part of the large Camden District. A small part of Richland County was later ceded to adjacent Kershaw County in 1791. The county seat and largest city is Columbia, which is also the state capital. In 1786, the state legislature decided to move the capital from Charleston to a more central location. A site was chosen in Richland County, which is in the geographic center of the state, and a new town was laid out. Richland County's boundaries were formally incorporated on December 18, 1799. Cotton from the surrounding plantations was shipped through Columbia and later manufactured into textiles there. General William T. Sherman captured Columbia during the Civil War and his troops burned the town and parts of the county on February 17, 1865. The U. S. Army returned on friendlier terms in 1917, when Fort Jackson was established, which is now the largest and most active Initial Entry Training Center in the U.S. Army. The South Carolina State House is located in downtown Columbia.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and, or 1.90%, is water. Richland County is situated in the center of South Carolina.

National protected area

State and local protected areas/sites

Major water bodies

Adjacent counties

Demographics

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 416,147 people and 165,679 households, while 90,802 families resided in the county. The median age was 35.7 years, 21.3% of residents were under the age of 18, and 14.4% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 90.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 87.7 males age 18 and over.
The racial makeup of the county was 42.6% White, 45.7% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.7% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 2.8% from some other race, and 5.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 6.3% of the population.
91.4% of residents lived in urban areas, while 8.6% lived in rural areas.
There were 182,408 housing units, of which 9.2% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 59.4% were owner-occupied and 40.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9% and the rental vacancy rate was 10.7%.

2010 census

At the 2010 census, 384,504 people, 145,194 households, and 89,357 families were residing in the county. The population density was. There were 161,725 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the county was 45.3% White, 48.9% African American, 2.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 9.6% were German, 8.6% were English, 7.6% were Irish, and 7.1% were American.
Of the 145,194 households, 32.9% had children under 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.5% were not families, and 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.43, and the average family size was 3.05. The median age was 32.6 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $47,922 and for a family was $61,622. Males had a median income of $42,453 versus $34,012 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,805. About 10.0% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

Law and government

Richland County is governed by a county council, who hold concurrent four-year terms. Richland County is governed under the Council-Administrator form of government, which is very similar to the council–manager form of government. The major difference between the council–manager and council–administrator forms of government is the title of the chief executive.
The South Carolina Department of Corrections, headquartered in Columbia and in Richland County, operates several correctional facilities in Columbia and in Richland County. They include the Broad River Correctional Institution, the Goodman Correctional Institution, the Camille Griffin Graham Correctional Institution, the Stevenson Correctional Institution, and the Campbell Pre-Release Center. Graham houses the state's female death row. The State of South Carolina execution chamber is located at Broad River. From 1990 to 1997 Broad River housed the state's male death row.
In March 2008, the Richland County Sheriff's Department acquired an armored personnel carrier equipped with a .50 caliber machine gun. Reason magazine criticized the acquisition as "overkill".

Politics

Richland County was one of the first areas of South Carolina to break away from a Solid South voting pattern. From 1948 to 1988, it only supported the official Democratic candidate for president once, in 1976. It voted for splinter Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond in 1948, and for unpledged electors in 1956.
Since 1992, Richland County has been one of the stronger Democratic bastions in South Carolina, following the trend of most urban counties across the country.

Economy

In 2022, the GDP was $32 billion, and the real GDP was $27.3 billion in chained 2017 dollars.
RankEmployerEmployees
1Prisma Health16,000
2Blue Cross Blue Shield10,000
3University of South Carolina7,000
4South Carolina Department of Corrections5,000
5Richland County School District One5,000
6South Carolina Department of Transportation5,000
7South Carolina Department of Mental Health5,000
8South Carolina Department of Social Services5,000
9Richland County School District Two4,000
10South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control4,000

IndustryEmployment CountsEmployment Percentage Average Annual Wage
Accommodation and Food Services21,0459.522,100
Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services16,4317.441,652
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting8070.448,776
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation3,9341.822,412
Construction6,9343.169,108
Educational Services19,1608.657,252
Finance and Insurance20,7369.474,516
Health Care and Social Assistance33,97415.371,812
Information2,7691.275,348
Management of Companies and Enterprises1,3750.698,956
Manufacturing12,0695.470,980
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction1220.178,208
Other Services 6,8643.144,876
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services13,7506.288,556
Public Administration24,37611.061,620
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing3,8621.757,252
Retail Trade20,7209.436,920
Transportation and Warehousing4,5672.159,488
Utilities7010.389,076
Wholesale Trade7,3353.386,944
Total221,531100.0%58,839

Transportation

Interstates

  • travels from west to east and connects Columbia to Atlanta and Augusta in the west and Florence in the east. It serves the nearby towns and suburbs of Pelion, Lexington, West Columbia, Sandhill, Pontiac, and Elgin. Interstate 20 is also used by travelers heading to Myrtle Beach, although the interstate's eastern terminus is in Florence.
  • travels from northwest to southeast and connects the Columbia area to the other two major population centers of South Carolina: the Greenville–Spartanburg area in the northwestern part of the state and the North Charleston–Charleston area in the southeastern part of the state.
  • begins in Lexington county and ends in Cleveland, Ohio, and is frequently used by travelers on the east coast heading to or from Florida.
  • branches off from I-26 and leads into downtown Columbia and provides access to Riverbanks Zoo.

U.S. routes

*

State routes

*

Airports

The Jim Hamilton–L.B. Owens Airport operates over 56,000 aircraft annually, but is a smaller airport used mostly for small and private planes. The main airport for the region is the Columbia Metropolitan Airport, which is located in neighboring Lexington County. In 2018, the Columbia Metro Airport served 1,197,603 passengers with 12,324 flights.

Bus systems

Public transportation in Richland County is provided by the COMET, or officially the Central Midlands Regional Transit Authority. The bus system is the main public transit system for the greater Columbia area and services approximately 2,800,000 passengers annually. In Richland County, the bus system runs in the areas of Columbia, Forest Acres, Fort Jackson, Irmo, St. Andrews, Northeast Richland, Lower Richland, and Eastover. Additionally, COMET offers Dial-a-ride transit, which provides personalized service passengers with disabilities.
The University of South Carolina's transit system, which is maintained by COMET, services an additional 1,000,000 passengers annually.

Railway

Columbia has one Amtrak station that serves over 30,000 passengers per year on the Silver Star rail line. Additionally, Richland County has an operating facility for CSX Transportation, a company that transports over one million carloads of freight on South Carolina's rail network.

Major infrastructure

Attractions

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Neighborhoods

  • Boyden Arbor
  • Cedar Creek
  • Eau Claire
  • Fairwold Acres
  • Killian
  • Kingville
  • Leesburg
  • Lykes
  • Mountain Brook
  • Riverside
  • Spring Hill
  • State Park
  • Wateree
  • Windsor Estates

Regions

  • Dutch Fork
  • Fort Jackson
  • Intown/downtown
  • Lower Richland
  • Northeast Richland
  • Upper Richland

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Richland County.
† = county seat
RankNameTypePopulation
1† 'ColumbiaCity136,632
2St. AndrewsCDP20,675
3DentsvilleCDP14,431
4CayceCity13,781
5IrmoTown11,569
6Forest AcresCity10,617
7WoodfieldCDP9,199
8Lake Murray of RichlandCDP8,110
9BlythewoodTown4,772
10Capitol ViewCDP4,653
11ArthurtownCDP2,294
12HopkinsCDP2,514
13ElginTown1,634
14GadsdenCDP1,301
15OlympiaCDP1,087
16Arcadia LakesTown865
17Eastover'Town614

In popular culture

Richland County was one of several counties across the country used as a filming location for the A&E reality documentary series Live PD, which worked in collaboration with the Richland County Sheriff's Department. The show first premiered in 2016 and aired for four years until its cancellation in 2020. In 2022, an unofficial revival of the show, On Patrol: Live, aired on Reelz. It features Curtis Wilson from the Richland County Sheriff's Department as well as the Berkeley County Sheriff's Office.