Regnal lists of Ethiopia

Regnal lists of Ethiopia are recorded lists of monarchs who are claimed by tradition to have ruled Ethiopia. These lists are often recorded on manuscripts or orally by monasteries and have been passed down over the centuries.
Many surviving physical regnal lists, as well as recorded oral lists, chronicle the line of kings beginning with Menelik I to the Solomonic dynasty. In Ethiopian tradition, Menelik is believed to be the son of queen Makeda and king Solomon. The rulers that followed Menelik were the kings of Axum, the Zagwe dynasty and the Solomonic dynasty. Some monarchs who ruled before Menelik are recorded in different Ethiopian traditions. These regnal lists were used to prove the longevity of the Ethiopian monarchy and to provide legitimacy for the Solomonic dynasty until its fall from power in 1974.

Traditions

Ethiopian traditions record a range of different monarchs from earlier times whose existence has not been verified by modern-day archeology. Their stories and legends may have elements of truth but it is unclear to what extent this is the case. Numerous king lists have been recorded either on manuscripts or via oral tradition. However, surviving information on the kings prior to the reign of emperor Yekuno Amlak is often scattered, incomplete or contradictory. The king lists that do refer to pre-1270 Ethiopia rarely match completely with one another. This variation is likely because the lists were compiled over a long time period across several different monasteries. It is also possible that the variations in succession order could be due to tampering with the lists after the 13th century that resulted from "dynastic quarrels" and "ideological re-readings" of the Axumite regnal lists.
Carlo Conti Rossini suggested the lists were compiled in the fourteenth or fifteenth centuries following the restoration of the Solomonic dynasty and were compiled from Arabic documents, inscriptions on coins and monuments, and, in the case of some names, from South Arabian mythology.
Notable legendary Ethiopian monarchs include:Arwe - Mythical serpent king who ruled for 400 years before being killed by Angabo.Angabo - A king of non-royal birth who killed the evil serpent Arwe, and was the father or ancestor of Makeda, the Queen of Sheba. Ethiopis - A king who was said to have inspired the name of the country of Ethiopia.Makeda - The biblical queen of Sheba who, according to Ethiopian tradition, is believed to be the mother of Menelik I.Menelik I - Son of the queen of Sheba and king Solomon of [Kingdom of Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Israel (united monarchy)|Israel] and founder of the Solomonic dynasty in the 10th century BC. Much information on this king comes from the 14th century text Kebra Nagast, however he remains historically unverified. In reality, the Solomonic dynasty began in 1270 AD with the reign of Yekuno Amlak.Abreha and Atsbeha - Two brothers who supposedly brought Christianity to Ethiopia, however their existence is doubted by some historians. Some scholars believe that the story of Abreha and Atsbeha may in fact be based on the Axumite kings Ezana and Saizana.Gudit - Legendary queen who supposedly laid waste to the Kingdom of Axum. Her deeds are recorded in oral tradition, but the various stories about her occasionally have differing or conflicting details.

Regnal list variations

Historian Manfred Kropp noted that numerous regnal lists exist that date back to the 13th century and these are reliable documents. However, for the period before this there are only legendary memories of the Axumite rulers. Regnal lists were created to provide a connection between the Solomonic dynasty and the legendary Axumite kings while skipping the Zagwe dynasty. Such lists were written for the purpose of proving the legitimacy of the ruling Solomonic emperors and had information drawn from chronicles held in monasteries. Kropp believed that Ethiopian regnal lists were intended to fill in the gaps between major events, such as the meeting of Makeda and Solomon, the arrival of Frumentius and the beginning of the Zagwe dynasty. The great variation in names and order between regnal lists was likely because this process took place across several different monasteries and were also passed on orally.
Not all names on the regnal lists are Abyssinian in origin. Some names originate from South Arabian mythology, the religious language of Alexandria, and Greco-Roman sources, and transformed into local Abyssinian/Ethiopian forms.
E. A. Wallis Budge commented that any written information on the period of Ethiopian history before the 13th century was "incomplete" and "untrustworthy". However, he felt that this was because any regnal lists or chronological works held in Axum were likely burned or destroyed before Yekuno Amlak ascended the throne in 1270. Budge noted that numerous regnal lists were known to exist in which the number and order of kings were rarely the same. He felt that it was clear that the chronographers of Abyssinia from the 13th and 14th centuries "did not know how many kings had reigned over from the time of Makeda or the exact order of succession". Budge theorized that while the regnal lists showed evidence that they were based on legend and tradition, some parts of the list suggested that the scribes did indeed " access to chronological and historical documents of some kind", including Coptic and Arabic texts which were possibly brought over by monks fleeing Egypt and Nubia during the time of the Arab conquests. Some lists began with Adam or David.
Two European missionaries in the 16th and 17th centuries, Pedro Páez and Manuel de Almeida, visited Ethiopia and personally saw two different regnal lists on which they based their respective writings on the history of Ethiopia. The manuscripts likely dated to before 1620. Both Páez and de Almeida stated that the Ethiopian emperor lent them books from the church of Axum containing the regnal lists. European travellers James Bruce, Henry Salt and Carlo Conti Rossini all published different regnal lists in Europe between the late 18th and early 20th centuries. The lists were written based on information gathered from local Ethiopian scribes. These regnal lists contain a list of names from Menelik I to Dil Na'od, but both the names and order of kings only occasionally overlap between the different lists, and there are numerous kings who appear on one list but are omitted from another. There are also at least two manuscripts held in the British Museum that contain differing regnal lists covering the same lineage of monarchs. Budge theorised that the existence of multiple regnal lists were due to rival claimants to the throne.

Studies and comparisons of the regnal lists

August Dillmann wrote an article comparing Ethiopian regnal lists in 1853. Dillman compared three lists and simply named them as A, B and C. Dillmann believed that list A was the longest because it included all rulers, regents, co-regents, pretenders and even heads of individual parts of the empire, while lists B and C only had the most important names.
Carlo Conti Rossini attempted to co-ordinate and compare the large number of different Ethiopian regnal lists, bringing together 86 different lists from libraries in Ethiopia and Italian Eritrea. The lists were divided into eight groups based on similarities and number of kings, and they were categorized by the letters A to H. Rossini's list A, B and C match Dillmann's C, B and A respectively.
Across Rossini's different lists, no name appears on all lists and no individual list contains all recorded names. The most common names to appear on the lists are Menelik I, Bazen, Abreha and Atsbeha and Gebre Meskel.
Rossini categorised the lists as follows:

Monarchs who reigned before Menelik I

The reign of Menelik I is traditionally dated to the 10th century BC, due to being the son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, as stated in the Kebra Nagast. Multiple lists exist that chronicle Menelik's lineage through both his mother and father. While Solomon's descent is recorded in the Bible, traditions around Makeda's ancestry are more varied. She is usually assumed to be a descendant of Angabo, who saved Ethiopia from a mythical serpent king named Arwe. Another tradition attempts to link Ethiopia with an even more remote past by claiming the monarchy descended from Ham.

Arwe Dynasty

According to Ethiopian tradition, an evil serpent named Arwe ruled Ethiopia before he was defeated by Angabo, ancestor of Menelik I. Most traditions state that Arwe ruled for 400 years. However, a different tradition recorded by E. A. Wallis Budge instead claimed that "20 or 30 kings" descended from Arwe ruled in Tigray for 400 years.

Angabo Dynasty

After killing Arwe, Angabo became the new king of Ethiopia. Some traditions relate that he reigned for 200 years and was followed by three further kings before Makeda ascended the throne.
All rulers of this dynasty were included on the 1922 regnal list as part of the "Agdazyan" or "Ag'azyan" dynasty. In most cases their reign lengths were shortened to be more realistic.

Order	Name	Relation to predecessor	Length of reign	Notes
1	Angabo / Za Besi Angabo	-	200	Slayer of Arwe. French historian theorised the name "Angabo" was the name of a tribe or dynasty instead of only one person.
2	Gedur or Zagdur	-	100
3	Sebado or Zazebass Besedo	-	50
4	Kawnasya or Zakawasya b'Axum	-	1
5	Makeda, Za Makeda or Azeb	Daughter of Kawnasya/Zakawasya	50	Went to Jerusalem in the fourth year of her reign and returned to Ethiopia in her 25th regnal year. According to the second list quoted by Pedro Páez, this queen began her reign in Axum in the thirty-seventh year of Saul's reign. A list quoted by August Dillman stated that Makeda travelled in the thirty-sixth year of Saul's reign and went to Jerusalem in the fourth year of Solomon's reign. After returning to Ethiopia, she reigned for twenty-five years.

Biblical List from Adam to Solomon

This regnal list chronicles kings who ruled before Menelik I, but relies on Biblical chronology, particularly from the Book of Genesis. This list essentially serves as a document of the lineage of Menelik through his father Solomon.
The following list was included in E. A. Wallis Budge's book A History of Ethiopia and was quoted from two manuscripts; One held in the British Museum and another held in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, which was published in René Basset's 1882 book Études sur l'histoire d'Éthiopie. The names of these kings also appear in the 14th-century text Kebra Nagast. Budge believed this list had "no historical value" and was only intended to fill the gap from Adam to Solomon.
The last king, 'Ebna Hakim, does not appear in the Bible and is meant to be Menelik I, the son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. The name Ebna Hakim translates to "Son of the Wise Man" in Arabic.

Order	Ethiopian name	Biblical figure
1	'Adam	Adam
2	Set	Seth
3	Henos	Enos
4	Kaynan	Kenan
5	Malalel	Mahalalel
6	Yared	Jared
7	Henok	Enoch
8	Matusala	Methuselah
9	Lameh	Lamech
10	Noh	Noah
11	Shem	Shem
12	Alfasked	Arphaxad
13	Kaynan	Cainan
14	Sala	Selah
15	'Ebor	Eber
16	Falek	Peleg
17	Ragwe	Reu
18	Seruh	Serug
19	Nakor	Nahor
20	Tara	Terah
21	Abreham	Abram
22	Yeshak	Isaac
23	Ya'kob	Jacob
24	Yehuda	Judah
25	Fares	Pharez
26	'Esrom	Hezron
27	'Eram	Aram
28	'Aminadab	Amminadab
29	Na'ason	Nahshon
30	Salmon	Salmon
31	Bo'ez	Boaz
32	Iyobed	Obed
33	'Eshey	Jesse
34	Dawit	David
35	Saloman	Solomon
36	'Ebna Hakim	-

The Kebra Nagast lists an additional king named 'Orni between Hezron and Aram, who was the son of Hezron and father of Aram. Budge believed this king to be Oren, son of Jerahmeel.

Biblical Hamitic List

Another Ethiopian tradition claims that the Ethiopian monarchy was descended from Ham, son of the Biblical prophet Noah. While Ham is not included in the Biblical regnal list mentioned above, a claimed genealogy from Ham to the founders of Axum does exist. According to this tradition, Axum was founded within a century after the Great Flood. This genealogy chronicles kings descending from Ham who represent Ethiopia and Axum. E. A. Wallis Budge called this dynasty the "Dynasty of Kush" and referred to the Angabo dynasty as the "Native African dynasty".
Enno Littmann recorded a tradition from an Ethiopian priest named Gabra Wahad, who stated the following:

Order	Name	Relation to predecessor	Notes
1	Ham	-	-
2	Kush	Son of Ham	-
3	Aethiopis	Son of Kush	The king whose name inspired the name "Ethiopia".
4	'Aksumawi	Son of Aethiopis	Traditional founder of Axum.
5	Malayka Aksum	Son of 'Aksumawi	-
-	Sum	Son of 'Aksumawi	The six sons of 'Aksumawi were the "fathers" of Aksum but were not kings of Ethiopia. Budge believed that they may have " the dynasty of the serpent which was destroyed by Angabo".
-	Nafaz	Son of 'Aksumawi	The six sons of 'Aksumawi were the "fathers" of Aksum but were not kings of Ethiopia. Budge believed that they may have " the dynasty of the serpent which was destroyed by Angabo".
-	Bagi'o	Son of 'Aksumawi	The six sons of 'Aksumawi were the "fathers" of Aksum but were not kings of Ethiopia. Budge believed that they may have " the dynasty of the serpent which was destroyed by Angabo".
-	Kuduki	Son of 'Aksumawi	The six sons of 'Aksumawi were the "fathers" of Aksum but were not kings of Ethiopia. Budge believed that they may have " the dynasty of the serpent which was destroyed by Angabo".
-	Akhoro	Son of 'Aksumawi	The six sons of 'Aksumawi were the "fathers" of Aksum but were not kings of Ethiopia. Budge believed that they may have " the dynasty of the serpent which was destroyed by Angabo".
-	Farheba	Son of 'Aksumawi	The six sons of 'Aksumawi were the "fathers" of Aksum but were not kings of Ethiopia. Budge believed that they may have " the dynasty of the serpent which was destroyed by Angabo".

Monarchs from Menelik I to Bazen

Beginning with Menelik I, Ethiopian regnal lists begin to diverge on the exact order of succession. Only a few rulers' names are consistently recorded across all lists. This section looks at rulers who are named as reigning between Menelik I and Bazen, who began his reign eight years before the birth of Jesus. Despite tradition claiming that Menelik ruled in the 10th century BC, the reign lengths provided on most lists do not allow for a sufficient number of monarchs to have reigned over a span of ten centuries.
Spanish Missionary Pedro Páez believed that the reason for the differences in names on various lists was because the Ethiopian emperors used different names prior to their accession to the throne, and some lists used their regnal names while others listed their birth names. This was supposedly done in imitation of Menelik I, who was named David when he was crowned. E. A. Wallis Budge theorised that the existence of multiple king lists suggest that these represent rival claimants to the throne.
Lists recorded by Páez, James Bruce, August Dillmann and Carlo Conti Rossini, as well as the 1922 regnal list, are all in agreement that Christ was born in the eighth year of Bazen's reign, a statement that is also clear on one of the British Museum manuscripts recorded by E. A. Wallis Budge. If one was to calculate backwards from the Bazen's reign, then Henry Salt's list would date Menelik I's reign to 128-99 BC, over 9 centuries after the traditional 10th century BC dating of Menelik's reign. If the same was done for Bruce's list, then Menelik's reign would be pushed back nearly a century earlier but would still fall far short of the 10th century BC dating. The 1922 regnal list attempted to correct this by combining various monarchs into a longer list that allows Menelik to be firmly dated to the 10th century BC.

Variation 1

This table contains names from the following recorded lists:

The second regnal list recorded by Spanish missionary Pedro Páez in 1620. He believed this list contained the regnal names for the kings. This list omits the kings named Wazeha and Hazer that appear on the other lists in this table.
A list recorded by Scottish traveller James Bruce in his book Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile. He had gathered information for his regnal list from local scribes, though did not believe they were trustworthy or that his regnal list was complete.
The first regnal list recorded by English Egyptologist Henry Salt in his book A Voyage to Abyssinia. Most kings have the "Za" prefix in front of their names on this list. This list omits the kings named Kalaz, Satiyo, Filiya and Aglebu that appear on the other lists in this table.
Two regnal lists recorded by French travellers Edmond Combes and Maurice Tamisier in their 1838 book Voyage en Abyssinie. The lists appear to be an amalgamation of other previously published lists. The first list is similar to James Bruce's list, but adds the prefix "Za" to most names, and adds the name "Awseyo" which is missing from Bruce's list, as well as omitting the names "Birwas" and "Mahasi", who both appear on Bruce's list. The second list omits the names from "Kalaz" to "Aglebu" that appear on most other lists in this table.
August Dillmann's List A, which he compiled from multiple sources. On this list, Menelik is preceded by Arwe and the dynasty of Angabo.
The first of two manuscripts held in the British Museum published in E. A. Wallis Budge's A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia Volume I. This manuscript was filed under Oriental No. 821, fol. 28b. Most kings have the "Za" prefix in front of their names on this list.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Reign Length	Notes
1	Menelik I Ebna El-Hakim David I	Páez 2	Ebnâ Elehaquim	29 years
1	Menelik I Ebna El-Hakim David I	Bruce	Menilek, or David I	4 years	Bruce dated Menelik's reign to 986-982 BC.
1	Menelik I Ebna El-Hakim David I	Salt	Menilek, or Ibn' Hakim	29 years
1	Menelik I Ebna El-Hakim David I	Combes and Tamisier 1	Menilek	29 years
1	Menelik I Ebna El-Hakim David I	Combes and Tamisier 2	Menilek ou David I	29 years
1	Menelik I Ebna El-Hakim David I	Dillmann A	Ibn-al-Hakim	25 years
1	Menelik I Ebna El-Hakim David I	B.M. Manuscript 1	'Ebna 'Ĕl-Hakīm	24 years
2	Handadyu	Páez 2	Handodeâ	1 year
2	Handadyu	Bruce	Hendedya, or Zagdur	1 year	August Dillmann believed the name "Hendedya, or Zagdur" was simply an opinion expressed by Bruce based on supposition.
2	Handadyu	Salt	Za Hendedyu	1 year
2	Handadyu	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Heudeida	1 year
2	Handadyu	Dillmann A	Handadjó	1 year
2	Handadyu	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Handadyū	8 years
–	—	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Gdur II	1 year	Likely originating from Bruce's list, which added "Zagdur" as an alternate name for Handadyu.
3	Aweda	Bruce	Awida	11 years
3	Aweda	Salt	Awda	11 years
3	Aweda	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Aouda	11 years
3	Aweda	Combes and Tamisier 2	Aouida	11 years
3	Aweda	Dillmann A	'Auda–'Âmat	11 years
3	Aweda	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za 'Āweda	11 years
4	Awseyo	Páez 2	Auceô	3 years
4	Awseyo	Salt	Za Awsyu	3 years
4	Awseyo	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Aousiou	3 years
4	Awseyo	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Aousiou	3 years
4	Awseyo	Dillmann A	Ausejó	3 years
4	Awseyo	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za 'Awesyō	3 years
5	Sawe	Páez 2	Zaoê	34 years
5	Sawe	Bruce	Sawé	31 years
5	Sawe	Salt	Za Tsawe	3 years and 10 months	The reign length could be an error.
5	Sawe	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Tsaouai	31 years
5	Sawe	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Tsaoué	3 years	Possibly an error copied from Bruce.
5	Sawe	Dillmann A	Tzauě	31 years
5	Sawe	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Şawě'	31 years	Could be the same king as "Tahawasya" in variation 2.
6	Gasyo	Páez 2	Gaceô	½ a day
6	Gasyo	Bruce	Gefaya	15 years	Dillmann believed the name and reign length of this king was a corruption on Bruce's list.
6	Gasyo	Salt	Zagesyu	½ a day
6	Gasyo	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Gesaoiou	15 years
6	Gasyo	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Gesiou	4 months
6	Gasyo	Dillmann A	Gasjó	½ a day	Reigned until noon.
6	Gasyo	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Gasyō	½ a day
–	—	Bruce	Katar	15 years	Dillmann believed the name and reign length of this king was a corruption on Bruce's list.
–	—	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Katar	15 years
7	Mawat or Mawta	Páez 2	Maoât	8 years and 1 month	The differences in reign lengths for this king could be explained by the similarities of the Geʽez numbers 8 and 20 for the years and the numbers 1 and 4 for the months.
7	Mawat or Mawta	Bruce	Mouta	20 years	The differences in reign lengths for this king could be explained by the similarities of the Geʽez numbers 8 and 20 for the years and the numbers 1 and 4 for the months.
7	Mawat or Mawta	Salt	Za Maute	8 years and 4 months	The differences in reign lengths for this king could be explained by the similarities of the Geʽez numbers 8 and 20 for the years and the numbers 1 and 4 for the months.
7	Mawat or Mawta	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Moute	20 years	The differences in reign lengths for this king could be explained by the similarities of the Geʽez numbers 8 and 20 for the years and the numbers 1 and 4 for the months.
7	Mawat or Mawta	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Moute	8 years	The differences in reign lengths for this king could be explained by the similarities of the Geʽez numbers 8 and 20 for the years and the numbers 1 and 4 for the months.
7	Mawat or Mawta	Dillmann A	Mawat	8 years and 4 months	The differences in reign lengths for this king could be explained by the similarities of the Geʽez numbers 8 and 20 for the years and the numbers 1 and 4 for the months.
7	Mawat or Mawta	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Mawaṭ	20 years and 1 month	The differences in reign lengths for this king could be explained by the similarities of the Geʽez numbers 8 and 20 for the years and the numbers 1 and 4 for the months.
8	Bahas	Páez 2	Bahâz	9 years
8	Bahas	Bruce	Bahas	9 years
8	Bahas	Salt	Za Bahse	9 years
8	Bahas	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Bahaz	9 years
8	Bahas	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Bache	9 years
8	Bahas	Dillmann A	Báhas	9 years
8	Bahas	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Baḥas	9 years	Possibly the same king as "Bassyo" in variation 2.
9	Kawida	Páez 2	Caudâ	2 years
9	Kawida	Bruce	Kawida	2 years
9	Kawida	Salt	Kāwuda	2 years
9	Kawida	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Kaoouda	2 years
9	Kawida	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Kaouda	2 years
9	Kawida	Dillmann A	Qâwdâ	2 years
9	Kawida	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Tāwedā	2 years
10	Kanaz	Páez 2	Canêz	10 years
10	Kanaz	Bruce	Kanaza	10 years
10	Kanaz	Salt	Kanazi	10 years
10	Kanaz	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Kanaza	10 years
10	Kanaz	Combes and Tamisier 2	Kanasi	10 years
10	Kanaz	Dillmann A	Qánaz	10 years
10	Kanaz	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ḳanaz	10 years
11	Hadena	Páez 2	Hadenâ	9 years
11	Hadena	Bruce	Katzina	9 years
11	Hadena	Salt	Haduna	9 years
11	Hadena	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Katzani	9 years
11	Hadena	Combes and Tamisier 2	Hadouna	9 years
11	Hadena	Dillmann A	Hadûnâ	9 years
11	Hadena	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ḥadēnā	9 years
12	Wazeha	Bruce	Wazeha	1 year
12	Wazeha	Salt	Za–Wasih	1 year
12	Wazeha	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Ouazcha	1 year
12	Wazeha	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Ouasih	1 year
12	Wazeha	Dillmann A	Wázha	1 year
12	Wazeha	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ẇanẖā	1 year
13	Hazer or Hadir	Bruce	Hazer	2 years
13	Hazer or Hadir	Salt	Za–dir	2 years
13	Hazer or Hadir	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Hazer	2 years
13	Hazer or Hadir	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Hedir	2 years
13	Hazer or Hadir	Dillmann A	Hadîr	2 years
13	Hazer or Hadir	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ḥadēnā	2 years
14	Kalaz	Páez 2	Calâz	6 years
14	Kalaz	Bruce	Kalas	6 years
14	Kalaz	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Kanaz	6 years
14	Kalaz	Dillmann A	Káḷ'as	7 years	Dillmann noted some lists give this king 6 years of rule. The similarities of the Geʽez numbers 6 and 7 could explain the different reign lengths.
14	Kalaz	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Kal'ākū	6 years
15	Satyo	Páez 2	Çateô	17 years
15	Satyo	Bruce	Solaya	16 years
15	Satyo	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Solaia	16 years
15	Satyo	Dillmann A	Satjô	17 years	Dillmann noted some lists give this king 16 years of rule. The similarities of the Geʽez numbers 16 and 17 could explain the different reign lengths.
15	Satyo	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Satyō	16 years
16	Filiya	Páez 2	Fileâ	27 years
16	Filiya	Bruce	Falaya	26 years
16	Filiya	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Galaia	26 years
16	Filiya	Dillmann A	Fîljâ	26 years	Dillmann noted some lists give this king 27 years of rule. The similarities of the Geʽez numbers 26 and 27 could explain the different reign lengths.
16	Filiya	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Fīlyā	26 years
17	Aglebu	Páez 2	Aguelbû	3 years
17	Aglebu	Bruce	Aglebu	3 years
17	Aglebu	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Aglibou	3 years
17	Aglebu	Dillmann A	Aglebû	3 years
17	Aglebu	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za 'Aglebū	3 years
18	Awsina	Páez 2	Aucinâ	1 year
18	Awsina	Bruce	Awsisena	1 year
18	Awsina	Salt	Za Awzena	1 year
18	Awsina	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Azonena	1 year
18	Awsina	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Aouzena	1 year
18	Awsina	Dillmann A	Ausênâ	1 year
18	Awsina	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za 'Awsīnā	1 year
19	Birwas	Páez 2	Zebuôas	29 years
19	Birwas	Bruce	Brus	29 years
19	Birwas	Salt	Za Ber–was	29 years
19	Birwas	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Berouas	29 years
19	Birwas	Dillmann A	Berîwâs	29 years
19	Birwas	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Birwās	29 years
20	Mahasi	Páez 2	Maheci	1 year
20	Mahasi	Bruce	Mohesa	1 year
20	Mahasi	Salt	Za Mahasi	1 year
20	Mahasi	Combes and Tamisier 2	Za Magassi	1 year
20	Mahasi	Dillmann A	Mâhsî	1 year
20	Mahasi	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Māhelē	1 year
21	Bazen	Páez 2	Bacên	17 years
21	Bazen	Bruce	Bazen	16 years
21	Bazen	Salt	Zabesi Bazen	16 years
21	Bazen	Combes and Tamisier 1	Za Bazen	16 years
21	Bazen	Combes and Tamisier 2	Bazen	16 years
21	Bazen	Dillmann A	Bésê–Bâzên	17 years	Dillmann noted some lists give this king 16 years of rule. The similarities of the Geʽez numbers 16 and 17 could explain the different reign lengths.
21	Bazen	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za B'esī Bāzēn	16 years

Variation 2

This version of the line of succession does not contain reign lengths.
This table contains names from the following recorded lists:

The second regnal list recorded by English Egyptologist Henry Salt in his book A Voyage to Abyssinia, which he considered to be a "corrupt" list. This list does not include the king named Awseyo and mistakenly combines Tomai and Zagdur into one king.
August Dillmann's List B. This list claims that each king was the father of the next.
A list recorded by French Orientalist René Basset in his book Études sur l'histoire d'Éthiopie. This list claimed that each king was the son of the previous king.
A translation of The Life of Takla Haymanot by E. A. Wallis Budge. Each king is the son of the previous king on this list.
The second of two manuscripts held in the British Museum published in E. A. Wallis Budge's A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia Volume I. This manuscript was filed under Oriental No. 821, fol. 36a. Budge regarded this manuscript to be the most authoritative.

Variation 3

This variation does not include reign lengths. Many names appear on variations 1 and 2, but some names are unique to this version.
The following list is included in this table:

The first regnal list recorded by Pedro Páez in 1620. He believed this list contained the birth names of the kings. Some kings have the prefix "Za" placed in front of their names.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1	Menelik I	Páez 1	Menilehêc
2	Gedur or Zagdur	Páez 1	Zagdûr
3	Basyo I	Páez 1	Zabaceô
4	Tawasya	Páez 1	Taoceâ	Likely the same king as Tahawasya in variation 2.
5	Aderiya	Páez 1	Aderia	Possibly Abralyus from variation 2.
6	Warada	Páez 1	Vareçâ	Possibly Warada Dahay or Warada Nagash from variation 2.
7	Awseyo	Páez 1	Auceô
8	Maseyo	Páez 1	Maceô	Possibly Gasyo from variation 1.
9	Wa or Zaua	Páez 1	Zaûa	Possibly Mawat from variation 1.
10	Basyo II	Páez 1	Baceô
11	Awtet	Páez 1	Autêt
12	Bahasya	Páez 1	Bahaçâ	Possibly Bahas from variation 1.
13	Aweda	Páez 1	Zaoadâ	Possibly Aweda from variation 1 or Zaware Nebrat from variation 2.
14	Adena	Páez 1	Adenâ	Possibly Hadina from variation 1 or Hande from variation 2.
15	Kalaz	Páez 1	Calêz	Unique to this variation.
16	Gotoba	Páez 1	Gotobâ	Unique to this variation.
17	Feliya or Safelya	Páez 1	Zafeleâ
18	Aglebul	Páez 1	Elguebûl
19	Bawawel	Páez 1	Baoaûl
20	Bawaris	Páez 1	Baoarêz
21	Awena	Páez 1	Aoenâ	Possibly Awsena from variation 1.
22	Mahase	Páez 1	Mahacê
23	Malke	Páez 1	Malcuê	Likely Nalke from variation 2.
24	Bazen	Páez 1	Bacên

Variation 4

This variation does not include reign lengths for most kings. Many names on this version can be found on variation 2, but some names are unique and some names from variation 2 have been omitted completely. The names and order is similar to variation 2, but it does not include Warada Nagash, swaps the order of Bawaris and Bawawel, and moves Hande further down the succession order.
The following list is included in this table:

One regnal list included in a book titled History of the Kings of Dabra Yahanes, edited by Italian orientalist Carlo Conti Rossini.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1	Menelik I	Rossini	Menīlek	Reigned for 15 years.
2	Tomai or Abd-Rakid	Rossini	Tōmāy or 'Abd–Rākīd	Reigned for 15 years.
3	Gedur or Zagdur	Rossini	Zagdūru
4	Aksumay	Rossini	'Aksūmāy
5	Awseyo	Rossini	'Awsābyōs
6	Handar	Rossini	Ḥandar	Probably the same king as Handadyu from variation 2.
7	Tahawasya	Rossini	Tā'āsyā
8	Walda Mehrat	Rossini	Walda Meḥrat	Unique to this variation or possibly the king named Warada Nagash from variation 2.
9	Warada Dahay	Rossini	Warada Ḍaḥāy
10	Awseya	Rossini	'Asānyā
11	Elaliyon	Rossini	Īlālyōs
12	Toma Seyon	Rossini	Tōma Seyōn
13	Bawas	Rossini	Bā'ōs	Probably the same king as Basyo from variation 2.
14	Awtet	Rossini	'Awesteṭ
15	Zaware Nebrat	Rossini	Zawārē Nebrat
16	Safay	Rossini	Safāy
17	Ramhay	Rossini	Ramḥay
18	Safelya	Rossini	Safalyā
19	Engeleb	Rossini	'Ěngēleb	Possibly the same king as Aglebul from variation 2.
20	Gawras	Rossini	Gawras	Possibly the same as Bawaris from variation 2.
21	Bawawel	Rossini	Bāwel
22	Hande	Rossini	Hendēn
23	Mahase	Rossini	Māḥasī
24	Laka	Rossini	Lākā	Unique to this variation.
25	Bazen	Rossini	Bāzēn

Variation 5

This variation does not include reign lengths and has only been attested on one known list dated to the 16th century. This variation has a notably smaller number of rulers between Menelik I and Bazen compared to other versions.
The table includes names from Carlo Conti Rossini's "List F".

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1	Ebna El-Hakim	Rossini List F	Ebna Elḥakim
2	Abrakid	Rossini List F	Abrākid	Unique to this variation. No. 2 on list G under the name "Barakid".
3	Ataram	Rossini List F	Atārām	Unique to this variation.
4	Abralyus	Rossini List F	Abrālyus
5	Warada Sahay	Rossini List F	Warada Ṣahay	No. 7 on list G.
6	Warada Nagash	Rossini List F	Warada Nagāš
7	Bazen	Rossini List F	Bāzēn

Monarchs who reigned between Bazen and Abreha and Atsbeha

These lists name the monarchs who ruled after Bazen up to Abreha and Atsbeha, brothers who are credited in Ethiopian tradition with being the first rulers to convert to Christianity. Tradition recorded that Bazen's reign began in 8 BC and Ethiopia converted to Christianity in the 4th century. However, the reign lengths on some king lists push Abeha and Atsbeha's reign into the 5th century instead.

Variation 1

This table compares the following regnal lists:

The second regnal list recorded by Pedro Páez in 1620, which he believed listed regnal names.
One regnal list recorded by English Egyptologist Henry Salt in his book A Voyage to Abyssinia. Most rulers have the "Za" prefix in front of their names on this list except for Herka and all rulers after Hadus, who instead have the "El" prefix. Asgwagwa has a combination of both and is styled as "Za Elasguaga".
A regnal list recorded by French travellers Edmond Combes and Maurice Tamisier in their 1838 book Voyage en Abyssinie. This list is heavily drawn from Henry Salt's list, and even moves Abreha and Atsbeha to after the reign of "Semera" as Salt had suggested doing in order to align their reign with the traditional date of Axum's conversion to Christianity.
A regnal list recorded by German explorer Eduard Rüppell in his book Reise in Abyssinien.
August Dillmann's List A, which was compiled from multiple sources.
The first of two manuscripts from the British Museum published by E. A. Wallis Budge in 1928. This manuscript was filed under Oriental No. 821, fol. 28b. The names on this list have the "Za" prefix, with all names from Asgwagwa to Ahywa additionally being preceded by the "Ela" prefix.

A noticeable problem with these lists is that over 400 years pass between the end of Bazen's reign and the beginning of Abreha and Atsbeha's reign. This pushes their joint reign to the early 5th century, a whole century after the traditional early 4th century date for the Christianisation of Ethiopia. Because of this, Henry Salt deliberately altered the placement of Abreha and Atsbeha on his list so that the thirteenth year of their joint reign would fall correctly on the date when Christianity was introduced to Ethiopia instead of contradicting this tradition. His suggested alteration placed Abreha and Atsbeha after king El Semera. Salt noted that one chronicle explicitly stated that 330 years had passed between the birth of Christ and the thirteenth year of Abreha's reign, when Christianity was introduced. This is the same period of time which is quoted in other Ethiopian chronicles. However the same chronicle makes a "very striking error" by placing Abreha after El Ahiawya and thus suggesting that his thirteenth year of rule took place 465 years after the birth of Christ. As a result, Salt's personal king list alters the order slightly by placing Abreha and Atsbeha much further up the king list. Salt believed that the five rulers of his list from El Ahiawya to Seladoba "should be also removed" altogether, which is why E. A. Wallis Budge did not name them when quoting Salt's king list. Salt additionally believed that there should only be one king named Ameda, though his list names two kings of this name.
Salt theorised that the change of prefix from "Za" to "El" after the reign of Za Elasguaga reflected a change of dynasty. He believed that this theory could be confirmed by the short reigns of Za Baesi Tsawesa, Za Wakena and Za Hadus, who all reigned for a combined total of 1 year, 4 months and 2 days after the first "El" king, El Herka. He believed that the "Za" kings were the "shepherd kings" or "original Ethiopians" before being replaced by a new "race" of kings. Salt suggested that this change may have been caused by colony of Syrians who were placed by Alexander the Great near the mouth of the Red Sea according to an account written by Philostorgius.
An unpublished history of the kings of Axum states that a queen named "Ahiyewa" was the mother of Abreha and Atsbeha and she ruled for three years during the minority of her sons. This confirms that the ruler named "Ahywa" who preceded Abreha and Atsbeha in this line of succession was a queen who ruled as regent during their minority. If Abreha and Atsbeha can be identified with the historical Ezana and Saizana, as Henry Salt did in his list, then this suggests that "Ahywa" is another name for Sofya, wife of Ousanas. A book titled Gedle Abreha and Asbeha from the Church of Abreha wa-Atsbeha confirms that "Sofya" was one of the names for the mother of Abreha and Atsbeha. The first British Museum manuscript published by Budge however stated that "'Eguālā 'Anbasā" was the name of their mother despite also listing "Ahywa" as their predecessor.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Reign Length	Notes
1	Sartu	Páez 2	Certû	27 years
1	Sartu	Salt	Za–Senatu	26 years
1	Sartu	Combes and Tamisier	Za Senatou	26 years
1	Sartu	Rüppell	Seretu	27 years
1	Sartu	Dillmann A	Sarṭú	27 years	Dillmann noted at least one list gives 26 years of rule for this ruler. The similarities of the Geʽez numbers 26 and 27 could explain the different reign lengths.
1	Sartu	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Sarṭu	26 years
2	Les or Las	Páez 2	Leâz	10 years
2	Les or Las	Salt	Za Les	10 years
2	Les or Las	Combes and Tamisier	Za Les	10 years
2	Les or Las	Rüppell	Lekas	10 years
2	Les or Las	Dillmann A	La'as	10 years
2	Les or Las	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za L'as	10 years
3	Masenh	Páez 2	Macenêh	7 years
3	Masenh	Salt	Za Masenh	7 years
3	Masenh	Combes and Tamisier	Za Masénéh	6 years
3	Masenh	Rüppell	Masenqo	7 years
3	Masenh	Dillmann A	Masênḥ	7 years	Dillmann noted at least one list gives 6 years of rule for this ruler. The similarities of the Geʽez numbers 6 and 7 could explain the different reign lengths.
3	Masenh	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Mūsēnḥ	6 years
4	Sutuwa or Setwa	Páez 2	Ceteio	12 years
4	Sutuwa or Setwa	Salt	Za Sutuwa	9 years
4	Sutuwa or Setwa	Combes and Tamisier	Za Soutoua	9 years
4	Sutuwa or Setwa	Rüppell	Satuwa	9 years
4	Sutuwa or Setwa	Dillmann A	Seṭwâ	9 years
4	Sutuwa or Setwa	B.M. Manuscript 1	Sheṭeṭ	9 years
5	Adgala	Páez 2	Adguelâ	10 years and 2 months
5	Adgala	Salt	Za–Adgaba	10 years and 6 months
5	Adgala	Combes and Tamisier	Za Adgaba	10 years
5	Adgala	Rüppell	Adegela	10 years and 10 months
5	Adgala	Dillmann A	Adgalâ	10 years and 7 months
5	Adgala	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za 'Adgasā	16 years and 6 months
6	Agba	Páez 2	Agueba	7 months
6	Agba	Salt	Za Agba	6 months
6	Agba	Combes and Tamisier	Za Agba	6 months
6	Agba	Rüppell	Agba	2 years and 2 months	This reign length could be an error.
6	Agba	Dillmann A	Agbâ	6 months
6	Agba	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za 'Agābōs	6 months
7	Malik or Malis	Páez 2	Meliz	4 years
7	Malik or Malis	Salt	Za–Malis	6 years
7	Malik or Malis	Combes and Tamisier	Za Malis	6 years
7	Malik or Malis	Rüppell	Malis	4 years
7	Malik or Malis	Dillmann A	Masìs	7 years	Dillmann noted some lists give 6 years of rule for this ruler. The similarities of the Geʽez numbers 6 and 7 could explain the different reign lengths.
7	Malik or Malis	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Malīk	4 years
8	Hakali	Páez 2	Haquelê	13 years
8	Hakali	Salt	Za–Hakale	13 years
8	Hakali	Combes and Tamisier	Za Hacali	13 years
8	Hakali	Rüppell	Hakeli	13 years	Rüppell agreed with Salt's theory that this king was Zoskales, and dated his reign to c. 83 AD.
8	Hakali	Dillmann A	Heqlé	13 years
8	Hakali	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ḥaḳlī	13 years
9	Demahe	Páez 2	Demahê	10 years
9	Demahe	Salt	Za Demahé	10 years
9	Demahe	Combes and Tamisier	Za Demati	10 years
9	Demahe	Rüppell	Demahé	10 years
9	Demahe	Dillmann A	Demáhé	10 years
9	Demahe	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Demāḥē	10 years
10	Awtet	Páez 2	Autêt	2 years
10	Awtet	Salt	Za Awtet	2 years
10	Awtet	Combes and Tamisier	Za Aoutet	2 years
10	Awtet	Rüppell	Autet	2 years
10	Awtet	Dillmann A	Auṭeṭ	2 years
10	Awtet	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za 'Awṭeṭ	2 years
11	Aweda	Páez 2	Elaudâ	30 years
11	Aweda	Salt	Za Elawda	30 years
11	Aweda	Combes and Tamisier	Za Elaouada	30 years
11	Aweda	Rüppell	Elalad	30 years
11	Aweda	Dillmann A	Ela–Auda	30 years	Known as "Alda" on at least one list.
11	Aweda	B.M. Manuscript	Za El–'Āwedā	30 years
12 and 13	Zigen and Rema	Páez 2	Zeguên e Zarema	8 years
12 and 13	Zigen and Rema	Salt	Za Zigen and Rema	40 years
12 and 13	Zigen and Rema	Combes and Tamisier	Za Gizen	40 years	The name "Rema" is missing from this list.
12 and 13	Zigen and Rema	Rüppell	Rema or Za–Zigen	4 years	Rüppell believed both names referred to one king instead of two separate kings like other sources. He also believed that the 40-year reign length given by Salt was an error.
12 and 13	Zigen and Rema	Dillmann A	Zégen und Rêmâ	8 years	Dillmann noted at least one list gives 4 years of rule for this joint reign.
12 and 13	Zigen and Rema	B.M. Manuscript 1	Bezṭā and Zemārē	20 years	Notably different names to other lists.
14	Gafale	Páez 2	Gafalê	1 year
14	Gafale	Salt	Za Gafale	1 year
14	Gafale	Combes and Tamisier	Za Kafal	1 year
14	Gafale	Rüppell	Geralé	1 year
14	Gafale	Dillmann A	Gafalé	1 year
14	Gafale	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Gafalī	1 year
15	Besi Sark	Páez 2	Becêçarê	4 years
15	Besi Sark	Salt	Za Baesi serk	4 years
15	Besi Sark	Combes and Tamisier	Za Beezi	4 years
15	Besi Sark	Rüppell	Basi Serk	4 years
15	Besi Sark	Dillmann A	Be'sê–Sarq	4 years
15	Besi Sark	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Be'sī Sarḳ	4 years
16	Asgwagwa	Páez 2	Azguaguâ	77 years
16	Asgwagwa	Salt	Za Elasguaga	76 years
16	Asgwagwa	Combes and Tamisier	Za Elasguaga	76 years
16	Asgwagwa	Rüppell	El Guak	77 years	Rüppell believed that these 77 years belonged to a new dynasty instead of a single ruler. He believed that regnal lists combined all the rulers' reigns into a single 77-year period before the old dynasty returned to power for a brief period.
16	Asgwagwa	Dillmann A	Ela–Azguâguâ	77 years
16	Asgwagwa	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ela–Azgwāgwā	76 years
17	Herka	Páez 2	Hercâ	21 years	Peter Truhart believed this king is the name as "Bagamay" in variation 2.
17	Herka	Salt	El Herka	21 years
17	Herka	Combes and Tamisier	El Heika	21 years
17	Herka	Rüppell	El Haris	21 years
17	Herka	Dillmann A	Ela–Herkâ	21 years
17	Herka	B.M. Manuscript 1	Ela–Ḥerkā	21 years
18	Sawesa	Páez 2	Beecê Zaueçà	1 year
18	Sawesa	Salt	Za Baesi tsawesa	1 year
18	Sawesa	Combes and Tamisier	Za Baesi	1 year
18	Sawesa	Rüppell	Tzawira	1 month	Possibly an erroneous reign length.
18	Sawesa	Dillmann A	Be'sê–Tzawêtzâ	1 year	At least one list gives 6 months of rule for this king.
18	Sawesa	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Be'sī Ṣāwēzā	1 year
19	Wakana	Páez 2	Oecanâ	2 days
19	Wakana	Salt	Za Wakena	2 days
19	Wakana	Combes and Tamisier	Za Ouakena	2 days
19	Wakana	Rüppell	Wakena	24 days	"1/15th" of a year.
19	Wakana	Dillmann A	Wạkậnâ	1 day	Known as "Wakena" on at least one list. Dillmann noted that at least one list gave 2 days of reign for this monarch, and at least one other list gave one month.
19	Wakana	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Waknā	2 days
20	Hadus	Páez 2	Hadaûz	4 months
20	Hadus	Salt	Za Hadus	4 months
20	Hadus	Combes and Tamisier	Za Godous	4 months
20	Hadus	Rüppell	Hades	1 month	The reign length be an erroneous reading based on the similarity of the Geʽez numbers for 1 and 4.
20	Hadus	Dillmann A	Haḍaús	4 months	Known as "Hadas" on at least one list.
20	Hadus	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ḥadāwesā	2 months
21	Sagal	Páez 2	Zaguêl	3 years
21	Sagal	Salt	El Segel	2 years
21	Sagal	Combes and Tamisier	El Sejel	2 years
21	Sagal	Rüppell	Asgel	2 years
21	Sagal	Dillmann A	Ela–Sagal	3 years
21	Sagal	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ela–Sagal	3 years
22	Asfeha	Páez 2	Azfahâ	14 years
22	Asfeha	Salt	El Asfeh	14 years
22	Asfeha	Combes and Tamisier	El Asfa I	14 years
22	Asfeha	Rüppell	Alabech	14 years
22	Asfeha	Dillmann A	Ela–A'sfeha	14 years
22	Asfeha	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ela 'Asfeḥā	10 years
23	Segab	Páez 2	Zegâb	23 years
23	Segab	Salt	El Tsegaba	23 years
23	Segab	Combes and Tamisier	El Segaba	23 years
23	Segab	Rüppell	Askabu	23 years
23	Segab	Dillmann A	Ela–Tzegâb	23 years
23	Segab	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ela Ṣegāb	23 years
24	Samera	Páez 2	Çamerâ	3 years
24	Samera	Salt	El Semera	3 years
24	Samera	Combes and Tamisier	El Semera	3 years
24	Samera	Rüppell	Samura	3 years	Rüppell dated the end of this king's reign to 282 AD/5782 AM, based on the Abyssinian dating of the creation of the world to 5500 BC.
24	Samera	Dillmann A	Ela–Samarâ	3 years
24	Samera	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ela Samrā	3 years	E. A. Wallis Budge theorised that this king could be equated with Sembrouthes, although this king ruled for at least 24 years according to an inscription found at Dekemhare.
25	Aiba	Páez 2	Aibâ	16 years
25	Aiba	Salt	El Aiba	16 years
25	Aiba	Combes and Tamisier	El Aïba	16 years	Placed after Abreha and Atsbeha following Henry Salt's suggestion.
25	Aiba	Rüppell	Atiba	16 years
25	Aiba	Dillmann A	Ela–Aibâ	16 years	Dillmann noted that at least one list gave 17 years of rule for this monarch. The similarities of the Geʽez numbers 16 and 17 could explain the different reign lengths.
25	Aiba	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ela	16 years
26	Eskandi	Páez 2	Escandi	37 years
26	Eskandi	Salt	El Iskandi	36 years
26	Eskandi	Combes and Tamisier	Iscander I	36 years	Placed after Abreha and Atsbeha following Henry Salt's suggestion.
26	Eskandi	Rüppell	Sara Din	36 years	Rüppell theorised this king could have been Abreha, based on the traditional dating for the Christianisation of Axum in 333 AD/5833 AM.
26	Eskandi	Dillmann A	Ela–Eskendí	37 years	Known as "Sthenden" on at least one list.
26	Eskandi	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ela Eskendī	36 years
27	Saham I	Páez 2	Zahâm	9 years
27	Saham I	Salt	El Tshemo	9 years
27	Saham I	Combes and Tamisier	El Chemo	9 years	Placed after Abreha and Atsbeha following Henry Salt's suggestion.
27	Saham I	Rüppell	Tzahem	9 years
27	Saham I	Dillmann A	Ela–Tzaham	9 years
27	Saham I	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ela Ṣaḥam	9 years
28	San	Páez 2	Zan	13 years
28	San	Salt	El San	13 years
28	San	Combes and Tamisier	El San	13 years	Placed after Abreha and Atsbeha following Henry Salt's suggestion.
28	San	Rüppell	La San	13 years	Rüppell believed this king was Ezana because the date 356 AD/5856 AM would fall during this king's reign if all reign lengths were correct. This was the year that Constantius II sent a letter to Ezana asking him to replace Frumentius with Theophilos the Indian because the latter supported Arianism.
28	San	Dillmann A	Ela–Sân	13 years
28	San	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ela Sān	13 years
29	Ayga	Páez 2	Aigâ	18 years
29	Ayga	Salt	El Aiga	18 years
29	Ayga	Combes and Tamisier	El Aïga	18 years	Placed after Abreha and Atsbeha following Henry Salt's suggestion.
29	Ayga	Rüppell	Adaga	18 years
29	Ayga	Dillmann A	Ela–Aigâ	18 years
29	Ayga	B.M. Manuscript 1	Za Ela 'Aygā	18 years
30	Ameda I	Páez 2	Alamida	30 years and 8 months	Peter Truhart identified this king as Ousanas.
30	Ameda I	Salt	El Ameda	40 years and 8 months
30	Ameda I	Combes and Ramisier	Amda I	40 years and 8 months	Placed after Abreha and Atsbeha following Henry Salt's suggestion.
30	Ameda I	Rüppell	Ameda	30 years
30	Ameda I	Dillmann A	El–Amídá	30 years and 8 months
30	Ameda I	B.M. Manuscript	Za Ela 'Amīdā	30 years and 8 months
–	Wochen	Rüppell	Wochen	10 years
31	Ahywa	Páez 2	Aheyeô	3 years
31	Ahywa	Salt	El Ahiawya	3 years
31	Ahywa	Combes and Ramisier	El Haouïaia	3 years
31	Ahywa	Rüppell	Acheot	3 years
31	Ahywa	Dillmann A	Ela–Ahjawá	3 years
31	Ahywa	B.M. Manuscript	Za Ela 'Aḥyawā	3 years

Variation 2

This version of the line of succession does not contain reign lengths.
The following lists are compared in this table:

The first and third regnal lists recorded by Spanish missionary Pedro Páez in 1620. The third list was treated by Páez as another list of regnal names and is placed directly after the second list in his book.
The regnal list recorded by Scottish traveller James Bruce in his book Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile. This list was kept in the monastery of Debre Libanos in Shewa. The list omits the kings named Bahar Asgad and Zaray who are named on the other lists in this table.
August Dillmann's List C. This list originates from a manuscript which did not name the kings of Axum who reigned between Arwe and Bazen.

According to some chronicles, the father of Abreha and Atsbeha was a king named Seifa Arad. Páez's first list and Bruce's list place this king before Abreha and Atsbeha, but not as their direct predecessor, and the second British Museum manuscript places a similarly named king "Senfa Arad" as their immediate predecessor.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1	Senfa Asgad	Páez 1	Zenfâ Azguêd
1	Senfa Asgad	Páez 3	Zenfa Azguêd
1	Senfa Asgad	Bruce	Tzenaf Segued
1	Senfa Asgad	Dillmann C	Tzénfa–Asgad
2	Bahar Asgad	Páez 1	Bahar Azguêd
2	Bahar Asgad	Páez 3	Bahâr Azguêd
2	Bahar Asgad	Dillmann C	Bâhr–Sagad
–	Germa Kalaz	Páez 1	Guermâ Calez	Possibly an erroneous duplicate and combination of Germa Asfare or Kalez.
3	Germa Asfare I	Páez 1	Guermâ Azferê
3	Germa Asfare I	Páez 3	Guermâ Azfarê
3	Germa Asfare I	Bruce	Garima Asfari
3	Germa Asfare I	Dillmann C	Germâ–Asfar
4	Sarada	Páez 1	Zaradô	Omitted from Páez's third list.
4	Sarada	Bruce	Saraada
4	Sarada	Dillmann C	Ser'âdâ	Known as "Salaaiuba" on at least one regnal list.
5	Kulu Seyon	Páez 1	Cululeaceôn
5	Kulu Seyon	Páez 3	Culule Ceôn
5	Kulu Seyon	Bruce	Tzion
5	Kulu Seyon	Dillmann C	Kuelû–la–Zion
6	Sharguay	Páez 1	Zarguaê
6	Sharguay	Páez 3	Cergoû
6	Sharguay	Bruce	Sargai
6	Sharguay	Dillmann C	Sarguai
7	Zaray	Páez 1	Zarai
7	Zaray	Páez 3	Zeroû
7	Zaray	Dillmann C	Zarái
8	Bagamay	Páez 3	Begamâi	Omitted from Páez's first list.
8	Bagamay	Bruce	Bagamai
8	Bagamay	Dillmann C	Bagâmâi
9	Jan Asgad	Páez 3	Jan Azguêd	Omitted from Páez's first list.
9	Jan Asgad	Bruce	Jan Segued
9	Jan Asgad	Dillmann C	Djân–Asgad
–	?	Páez 1	Zarrâ Azguêd	Possibly an erroneous duplication of Zaray combined with Jan Asgad.
10	Seyon Hegez	Páez 1	Zeôn Haguêz
10	Seyon Hegez	Páez 3	Zeôn Hegz
10	Seyon Hegez	Bruce	Tzion Heges
10	Seyon Hegez	Dillmann C	Zion–Hegez
11	Moal Genha	Páez 1	Mala Agnâ
11	Moal Genha	Páez 3	Moaêlguehâ
11	Moal Genha	Bruce	Moal Genha
11	Moal Genha	Dillmann C	Mawàal–Genh	Known as "Malghene" and "Moal–Genha" on at least one other list each.
12	Saifa Arad	Páez 1	Zaf Arâd
12	Saifa Arad	Páez 3	Zaf Arâd
12	Saifa Arad	Bruce	Saif Araad
12	Saifa Arad	Dillmann C	Sâf–Ar'ad
13	Agdur	Páez 1	Agdêr
13	Agdur	Páez 3	Agdêr
13	Agdur	Bruce	Agedar
13	Agdur	Dillmann C	Agdôr

Variation 3

This variation does not include reign lengths. The kings named Bahar Asgad, Germa Asfare, Sharguay, Zaray and Agdur appear in variation 2 lists, but other kings do not.
The following lists are compared in this table:

August Dillmann's List B. This list claimed that each king was the son of the previous one.
A list recorded by French Orientalist René Basset in his book Études sur l'histoire d'Éthiopie. This list claimed that each king was the son of the previous king, except for Saba Asgad, who is listed as a brother of his predecessor Zaray and both of them were sons of Sharguay.
A translation of The Life of Takla Haymanot by E. A. Wallis Budge. Each king is the son of the previous king on this list and continues from variation 2 of the list of kings from Menelik I to Bazen.
The second of two manuscripts held in the British Museum which were published by British archeologist E. A. Wallis Budge in 1928.

The final king, Senfa Arad, is named as the father of Abreha and Atsbeha in some sources.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1	Senfa Ared	Dillmann B	Tzénfa–A'rěd
1	Senfa Ared	Basset	Sēnfa–Ar'ēd
1	Senfa Ared	Budge	Ṣenfa 'Ar'ad
1	Senfa Ared	B.M. Manuscript 2	Ṣenfa 'Ar'ad
2	Bahar Asgad	Dillmann B	Bâhr–Asgad
2	Bahar Asgad	Basset	Bâḥr–Asgēd
2	Bahar Asgad	Budge	Bâhar 'Asgad
2	Bahar Asgad	B.M. Manuscript 2	Bāḥer sgad
3	Germa Sor	Dillmann B	Germâ–Sôr	Omitted from other lists in this table. Budge however believed this king was identical with Germa Asfare.
3	Germa Sor	Budge	Germâ Sôr	Omitted from other lists in this table. Budge however believed this king was identical with Germa Asfare.
4	Germa Asfare	Dillmann B	Germâ–Asfarê
4	Germa Asfare	Basset	Gērmâ–Asfaré
4	Germa Asfare	Budge	Germâ Sôfar
4	Germa Asfare	B.M. Manuscript 2	Germā 'Asfarē
5	Sharguay	Dillmann B	Sarguai
5	Sharguay	Basset	Charguâï
5	Sharguay	Budge	Shargâya
5	Sharguay	B.M. Manuscript 2	Sharguāy
6	Zaray	Dillmann B	Zar'ái
6	Zaray	Basset	Zarëaï
6	Zaray	Budge	Zar'aya
6	Zaray	B.M. Manuscript 2	Zar'ay
7	Saba Asgad	Dillmann B	Sáb'a–Asgad
7	Saba Asgad	Basset	Sabëa–Asgēd
7	Saba Asgad	Budge	Saba 'Asgad
7	Saba Asgad	B.M. Manuscript 2	Sabe' 'Asgad
8	Seyon Geza	Dillmann B	Zion–Gezâ
8	Seyon Geza	Basset	Ṣyon–Gēza
8	Seyon Geza	Budge	Ṣeyôn Gaza
8	Seyon Geza	B.M. Manuscript 2	Ṣeyōn Gezā
9	Agdur	Dillmann B	Agdûr
9	Agdur	Basset	Agdour
9	Agdur	Budge	'Asgad	"Seventy generations" since the time of Adam according to this list.
9	Agdur	B.M. Manuscript 2	'Agdūr
10	Senfa Arad	Dillmann B	Saifa–A'rêd
10	Senfa Arad	Basset	Ṣēnfa–Ar'ēd
10	Senfa Arad	Budge	Sayafa 'Ar'âd
10	Senfa Arad	B.M. Manuscript 2	Ṣenfa 'Ar'ad

Variation 4

The following list is included in this table:

One regnal list included in a book titled History of the Kings of Dabra Yahanes, edited by Italian orientalist Carlo Conti Rossini.

This line of succession is a condensed version of variations 2 and 3 with the addition of two names, "Ahendir" and "Tazer", and does not list any reign lengths.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1	Germa Sor	Rossini	Germā Sōr	Rossini's list specified this king's throne name was "Kaleb".
2	Sharguay	Rossini	Sharguāy
3	Zaray	Rossini	Zarāy
4	Seyon Geza	Rossini	Ṣeyōn Gezā
5	Saba Asgad	Rossini	Sabe' 'Asgad
6	Ahendir	Rossini	'Ahendīr
7	Tazer	Rossini	Tāzēr	Rossini's list specified this king's throne name was "Safya 'Ar'ad", the name used in some sources for the father of Abreha and Atsbeha. According to a book titled Gedle Abreha and Asbeha from the Church of Abreha wa-Atsbeha, Tazer was the father of Abreha and Atsbeha and his wife was Sofya.

Variation 5

This variation does not include reign lengths and has only been attested on one known list dated to the 16th century.
The table includes names from Carlo Conti Rossini's "List F".

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1	Palez	Rossini List F	Pālēz	Unique to this variation.
2	Fazel	Rossini List F	Fāzēl	Unique to this variation.
3	Kalem	Rossini List F	Kālēm	Unique to this variation. Rossini theorised this name referred to Kaleb.
4	Talem	Rossini List F	Tālēm	Unique to this variation.
5	Tazer	Rossini List F	Tāzēr

Monarchs from Abreha and Atsbeha to the end of the Axumite kingdom

The following lists chronicle the kings who reigned from Abreha and Atsbeha, the first kings of Axum to convert to Christianity in the 4th century, to the last kings who ruled the kingdom before it fell in the 10th century. Dil Na'od is usually considered the last king of the kingdom, but some lists name monarchs who reigned after him.
The 1922 regnal list attempted to combine the different variations into one line succession dating from 306 to 920 E.C., and did this by placing most of the kings in variation 1 directly after Abreha and Atsbeha and then continuing the line with the kings of variations 2 and 3. This allowed a sufficient number of kings to reign between Abreha and Atsbeha in the early 4th century and Alla Amidas in the late 5th century, and also continue the line of kings into the early 10th century.

Variation 1

This version of the line of succession after Abreha and Atsbeha contains lesser known rulers, and is quoted by writers more rarely. These lists do not go up to the reign of Dil Na'od, but do contain reign lengths for individual monarchs. The approximate time span of these rulers goes from the early 4th century when Abreha and Atsbeha converted to Christianity to the reign of Gebre Meskel in the early or mid-6th century. The reign lengths on Páez's and Dillmann's lists add up to 265–280 years, which may be slightly too long for the gap between the historical reigns of Ezana and Gebre Meskel.
The following lists are compared in this table:

The second regnal list recorded by Spanish missionary Pedro Páez in 1620. A manuscript from Debre Libanos of unknown age has a similar line of succession to this list.
A regnal list recorded by German explorer Eduard Rüppell in his book Reise in Abyssinien. Rüppell dated the time period of the kings from Abreha and Atsbeha to Gabra Maskal as 417–714 due to his belief that the Christianisation of Ethiopia had occuried much earlier than the reign of Abreha and Atsbeha.
August Dillmann's List A, which was compiled from multiple sources.
A manuscript quoted by E. A. Wallis Budge, who did not specify the origin. He believed these monarchs were "kinglets" who ruled parts of Ethiopia separate from other lines of kings between 360 and 480.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Reign Length	Notes
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Páez 2	Abraha e Azebehâ	27 years and 7 months	Known as the "Guides of Clarity" on this list.
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Rüppell	Asfoha und Mahan Abreha	27 years	Rüppell noted these rulers were brothers and Abreha died in 430 AD/5930 AM according to the Lik Aktum's chronicle.
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Dillmann A	Ela–Abreha und Atzbeha	27 years and 6 months
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Budge	'Ella 'Abrehā and 'Ella 'Aṣbehā	14 years	Joint co-ruler with Sahel I according to this list. According to Budge, the three kings divided each day into three parts, so that each king was absolute during a different time of day.
—	?	Rüppell	Tesmul Ukal Amed	27 years	Dillmann believed this name was an erroneous misreading by Rüppell.
2	Abreha I or Atsbeha I	Páez 2	Azbehâ	12 years
2	Abreha I or Atsbeha I	Rüppell	Abreha der Zweite	9 years	"Abreha the second". Rüppell believed this king was a separate individual from Abreha and Atsbeha and dated the end of his reign to 5980 AM/480 AD.
2	Abreha I or Atsbeha I	Dillmann A	Atzbeha–ela–Abreha	12 years	Dillmann noted that some lists instead claim that "Ela–Abreha" ruled by himself after the joint reign for 14 years.
3	Asfeh I	Páez 2	Azfahâ	7 years
3	Asfeh I	Rüppell	Asfaha der Zweite	5 years	"Asfaha the second".
3	Asfeh I	Dillmann A	Ela–Asfeha	7 years	Dillmann noted that some lists give 6 years of reign.
4	Sahel I	Páez 2	Çahêl	14 years
4	Sahel I	Rüppell	Sahel	14 years
4	Sahel I	Dillmann A	Ela–Saḥl	14 years
4	Sahel I	Budge	'Ella Shāhel	14 years	Joint co-ruler with Abreha and Atsbeha according to this list. According to Budge, the three kings divided each day into three parts, so that each king was absolute during a different time of day.
5	Adhana I	Páez 2	Adehena	14 years
5	Adhana I	Rüppell	Athana	14 years
5	Adhana I	Dillmann A	Ela–Adḥanầ	14 years
5	Adhana I	Budge	'Ella 'Adẖānā	14 years
6	Riti	Páez 2	Rête	1 year
6	Riti	Rüppell	Eretana	1 year
6	Riti	Dillmann A	Ela–Reté	1 year
6	Riti	Budge	'Ella Rete'a	1 year
7	Asfeh II	Páez 2	Azfehê	1 year
7	Asfeh II	Rüppell	Asfaha der Dritte	5 years	"Asfaha the third". Possibly a mismatch with the reign length of the next king.
7	Asfeh II	Dillmann A	A'sfeh	1 year
7	Asfeh II	Budge	'Ella 'Asfeḥ	1 year
8	Atsbeha II	Páez 2	Azbahâ	5 years
8	Atsbeha II	Rüppell	Asfaha der Vierte	17 years	"Asfaha the fourth". Possibly a mismatch with the reign length of the next king.
8	Atsbeha II	Dillmann A	Ela–A'tzbeha	5 years
8	Atsbeha II	Budge	'Ella 'Abrehā	5 years
9	Ameda II	Páez 2	Amidâ	17 years
9	Ameda II	Rüppell	El Ameda	6 years	Rüppell believed this king was Aphilas and his reign ended in 542 AD/6042 AM. He also believed this king was the one fought against the Himyarite Kingdom in the fifthteenth year of the reign of Justinian I according to some sources. Most historians believed this king was actually Kaleb, but Rüppell rejected this idea because of Kaleb's reign being placed much later on the regnal lists. Rüppell believed this ruler was the king named Hellesthaeus mentioned in the works of Procopius, though this was actually Kaleb.
9	Ameda II	Dillmann A	Ela–Amêdâ	16 years	Dillmann noted that at least a couple of lists give 6 or 7 years of rule for this king.
9	Ameda II	Budge	'Ella 'Amīdā	16 years
10	Abreha II	Páez 2	Abrahâ	7 months
10	Abreha II	Rüppell	Abreha der Dritte	2 months	"Abreha the fourth". Rüppell believed this king was a usurper who took the throne either during a war which Ameda was fighting in, or after Ameda's death. Rüppell believed this ruler was the king named Abramus mentioned in the works of Procopius, who stated this king was a contemporary of Hellesthaeus.
10	Abreha II	Dillmann A	Ela–Abreha	6 months	Dillmann noted that at least a couple of lists give 2 months of rule for this king.
10	Abreha II	Budge	'Ella 'Abrehā	6 months
11	Sahel II	Páez 2	Çahêl	2 months
11	Sahel II	Rüppell	Esahel	2 months	Rüppell believed this ruler was the king named Angane who, according to Procopius, succeeded his uncle Hellesthaenus on the throne of Axum.
11	Sahel II	Dillmann A	Ela–Saḥl	2 months
11	Sahel II	Budge	'Ella Shāhel	2 months
12	Gabaz I	Páez 2	Gabêz	2 years
12	Gabaz I	Rüppell	Egabes	12 years	Rüppell believed this ruler was the king named Abreha who, according to Procopius, was a slave who displaced Angane from the throne.
12	Gabaz I	Dillmann A	Ela–Gabaz	2 years	Dillmann noted that at least one list gives 14 years of rule for this king.
12	Gabaz I	Budge	'Ella Gabōz or 'Ella Gōbāz	2 years	According to Budge, this king murdered his predecessor Sahel II, and then married the previous king's daughter 'Admās. He later fell in love with a pagan queen named Lāb, and married her. A brother of 'Admās rose up and killed both 'Ella Gōbāz and Lāb, and then became king as 'Ella Shāhel. Budge dated this king's reign to c. 392.
13	Sahel III	Páez 2	Zehûl	1 year
13	Sahel III	Rüppell	Esahel	1 year	Rüppell believed this king was possibly the same as the previous king of this name.
13	Sahel III	Dillmann A	Ela–Sehúl	1 year	Known as "Sekul" on at least one list.
13	Sahel III	Budge	'Ella Shāhel or Sēhal	Not specified	Budge dated this king's reign to c. 394.
14	Atzbah	Páez 2	Izbah	3 years
14	Atzbah	Rüppell	Asfaha	2 years
14	Atzbah	Dillmann A	Ela–Atzbâḥ	3 years
15 and 16	Abreha III and Adhana II	Páez 2	Abrê e Adahanâ	16 years
15 and 16	Abreha III and Adhana II	Dillmann A	Ela–Abreh und Ela–Adhanâ	16 years
15 and 16	Abreha III and Adhana II	Budge	'Ella 'Arbeḥa and 'Ella 'Adẖānā	16 years
17	Saham II	Páez 2	Zahâm	28 years
17	Saham II	Dillmann A	Ela–Tzaham	28 years
17	Saham II	Budge	'Ella Ṣaḥam	28 years
18	Ameda III	Páez 2	Amidâ	12 years
18	Ameda III	Dillmann A	Ela–Amídá	12 years
18	Ameda III	Budge	'Ella 'Āmīdā	12 years
19	Sahel IV	Páez 2	Zahêl	2 years
19	Sahel IV	Dillmann A	Ela–Saḥl	2 years
19	Sahel IV	Budge	'Ella Shāhel	2 years
20	Sebah	Páez 2	Zebâh	2 years
20	Sebah	Dillmann A	Ela–Tzebâh	2 years
20	Sebah	Budge	'Ella Ṣebāḥ	2 years
21	Saham III	Páez 2	Zahâm	15 years
21	Saham III	Rüppell	Sa Ghemo	15 years
21	Saham III	Dillmann A	Ela–Tzaham	15 years
21	Saham III	Budge	'Ella Ṣaḥam	15 years
22	Gabaz II	Páez 2	Gabêz	21 years
22	Gabaz II	Rüppell	Gabes	21 years
22	Gabaz II	Dillmann A	Ela–Gabaz	21 years
22	Gabaz II	Budge	'Ella Gōbāz	21 years
23 and 24	Agabi and Lewi	Páez 2	Agabê e Levi	2 years
23 and 24	Agabi and Lewi	Rüppell	Gale Welewi	2 years	Rüppell listed this reign as belong to a single monarch instead of co-regents.
23 and 24	Agabi and Lewi	Dillmann A	Agâbê und Levi	4 years
23 and 24	Agabi and Lewi	Budge	'Agābē and Lēwī	2 years	Budge dated this joint reign to c. 474–475.
25	Ameda IV	Páez 2	Amidâ	11 years
25	Ameda IV	Rüppell	Ameda	11 years
25	Ameda IV	Dillmann A	Ela–Amídâ	11 years
25	Ameda IV	Budge	'Ella 'Amīdā or 'Al-'Āmēdā	11 or 14 years	Budge believed this king was Alla Amidas, during whose reign the Nine Saints came to Axum.
26 and 27	Yakob I and Dawit II	Páez 2	Iacob e David	3 years
26 and 27	Yakob I and Dawit II	Rüppell	Jakob Oeled Dauit	30 years	Rüppell listed this reign as belong to a single monarch instead of co-regents. The 30-year reign length is likely a misreading or error.
26 and 27	Yakob I and Dawit II	Dillmann A	Jacob und David	3 years
26 and 27	Yakob I and Dawit II	Budge	Yā'ḳōb and Dāwīt	3 years	Budge dated this joint reign to 486-489.
28	Armah	Páez 2	Armâ	14 years, 6 months and 8 days
28	Armah	Rüppell	Armah	14 years
28	Armah	Dillmann A	Armâh	14 years, 7 months and 8 days
28	Armah	Budge	'Armāh	14 years, 6 months and 10 days	Budge dated this king's reign to 489–503.
29	Zitana	Páez 2	Zitanâ	2 years	Father of Kaleb according to some Ethiopian sources. This could make him the same person as Tazena in variation 2.
29	Zitana	Rüppell	Seza Sinka	12 years	Reign length could be an error.
29	Zitana	Dillmann A	Zitânâ	2 years
29	Zitana	Budge	Zītānā	2 years	Budge dated this king's reign to 504–505.
30	Yakob II	Páez 2	Iacob	9 years
30	Yakob II	Rüppell	Jakob	9 years
30	Yakob II	Dillmann A	Jacob	9 years
30	Yakob II	Budge	Yā'ḳōb	9 years	According to Budge, this king was called "Arwe" due to his shocking cruelties and wickedness. He was defeated by 'Ella 'Aṣbehā, likely the same person as Kaleb, otherwise known as "Elesbaan".
31	Constantinos	Páez 2	Constantinôs	28 years	Budge noted that Constantine was one of the alternate names of Kaleb.
31	Constantinos	Rüppell	Kaleb oder Kustantinos	29 years	"Kaleb or Constantinos".
31	Constantinos	Dillmann A	Constantinos	28 years
32	Beta Israel	Rüppell	Bed Israel	8 months	Rüppell dated the end of this king's reign to 6200 AM/700 AD.
32	Beta Israel	Dillmann A	Beta Israel	8 months	While the 8-month reign is certainly recorded on at least a couple of lists, Dillmann found that most lists he looked at were missing the number of months this king reigned.
33	Gabra Maskal	Páez 2	Gabrâ Mazcâl	14 years
33	Gabra Maskal	Rüppell	Gebra Masgal	14 years	Rüppell dated the end of this king's reign to 6214 AM/714 AD due to Lik Atkum's chronicle, which stated that 700 years passed between the birth of Christ and reign of Gabra Maskal.
33	Gabra Maskal	Dillmann	Gábra–Másqal	14 years
34 and 35	Nalke and Bazen II	Páez 2	Nacuê e Bacên	16 years	This list states that it was during this joint reign that the Church of Axum was founded. It possible that these names are a repetition of the last two kings to reign before the Nativity of Jesus. Dillmann noted that one list he saw claimed that king "Nalek" reigned after Gabra Maskal for 11 years, but he personally doubted the accuracy of this list.

Variation 2

This version of the line of succession after Abreha and Atsbeha includes many notable rulers such as Alla Amidas, Kaleb, Gebre Meskel and Dil Na'od, but does not include reign lengths for most rulers. The time span of these rulers should go from the early 4th century with Abreha and Atsbeha to the 10th century with the end of Dil Na'od's reign. However, only five kings are named between Abreha and Atsbeha and Alla Amidas, an approximate period of over 150 years. The 1922 regnal list resolved this by placing most kings of variation 1 between Abreha and Atsbeha and Amsi.
The following lists are compared in this table:

The regnal list recorded by English Egyptologist Henry Salt in his book A Voyage to Abyssinia.
A regnal list recorded by French travellers Edmond Combes and Maurice Tamisier in their book Voyage en Abyssinie. This list is heavily influenced by Salt's list, but adds a couple of reign lengths from other lists and has some variation in spelling of names. They claim the total length of time from Gebra Maskal to Del Naad was 350 years and that Del Naad ascended the throne as a minor in 900.
A regnal list recorded by German explorer Eduard Rüppell in his book Reise in Abyssinien. He treated the line of kings from Constantinos to Dil Na'od as a continuation of the line of kings from variation 1.
August Dillmann's List B. This list claimed that each king was the son of the previous king.
A list published by René Basset in 1882. This list claimed that each king was the son of the previous king.
A translation of The Life of Takla Haymanot by E. A. Wallis Budge. Each king is the son of the previous king on this list.
A manuscript held in the British Museum published by British archaeologist E. A. Wallis Budge in 1928. French Orientalist René Basset recorded a list of kings that was nearly identical to this manuscript, except that a king named "Geda Jan" reigned between Degna Djan and Anbase Wedem. This additional name is also found on the Paris Chronicle, which otherwise has a similar line of succession to Salt's list. Some historians believe that this king's name was an alternate name for Degna Jan.

The four kings Asfah, Arfad, Amosi and Seladoba reigned for a total of 32 years according to Salt's list, though he personally felt that it was more likely they reigned for a total of 70 years. Salt noted that the kings from Ameda to Dil Na'od did not have reign lengths assigned to them in the chronicles but may have reigned for a total of 354 years. Pedro Páez stated that the next three kings after Abreha and Atsbeha on his regnal list were brothers who reigned together and divided each day into three parts between themselves. A similar story is recorded elsewhere in reference to Abreha, Atsbeha and Shahel.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Salt	El-Abreha and El-Aizbeha	Salt listed "Aizana and Saizana" as alternate names for these kings. He suggested placing their reigns after "El Semera" so that their reign can be better aligned with the traditional date of Christianisation in Axum.
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Combes and Tamisier	El Abréha et Atzbéha	Reigned 26 years according to this list.
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Dillmann B	A'breha und A'tzbeha
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Basset	Abrëhâ et Aṣbēḥâ
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Budge	'Arbeha and 'Aṣbeḥa	This list dates their conversion to Christianity to the year 340.
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	B.M. Manuscript	'Abrehā and 'Aṣbeḥa
2	Abreha	B.M. Manuscript	'Abrehā
2	Abreha	Dillmann B	Abreha
2	Abreha	Basset	Abrëhâ
2	Abreha	Budge	'Arbeha
3	Asfeh I	Salt	Asfah	Salt noted that this king, Arfad, Amosi and Seladoba reigned for a total of 32 years.
3	Asfeh I	Combes and Tamisier	Asfa II	Reigned 3 years according to this list.
3	Asfeh I	Dillmann B	Asfeha
3	Asfeh I	Basset	Asfēḥ
3	Asfeh I	Budge	'Asfěḥa
3	Asfeh I	B.M. Manuscript	'Aṣfeḥ
4	Arfed	Salt	Arfad	Salt noted that this king, Asfah, Amosi and Seladoba reigned for a total of 32 years.
4	Arfed	Combes and Tamisier	Arfoud
4	Arfed	Dillmann B	'Arfed
4	Arfed	Basset	Arfâd
4	Arfed	Budge	'Arfěd
4	Arfed	B.M. Manuscript	'Arfed
5	Amsi	Salt	Amosi	Salt noted that this Asfah, Arfad and Seladoba reigned for a total of 32 years.
5	Amsi	Combes and Tamisier	Amosi
5	Amsi	Dillmann B	Amsî
5	Amsi	Basset	Amsi
5	Amsi	Budge	Khâmsî
5	Amsi	B.M. Manuscript	'Amsē
6	Saladoba	Salt	Seladoba	Salt noted that this king, Asfah, Arfad and Amosi reigned for a total of 32 years.
6	Saladoba	Combes and Tamisier	Séla–Doba
6	Saladoba	Dillmann B	Salâdôbâ	Dillmann noted that one list claimed the Nine Saints came to Ethiopia during this king's reign instead of Al-Ameda's reign.
6	Saladoba	Basset	Saladobâ
6	Saladoba	Budge	Sa'al Dôbâ	Also known as Ela–Adobâ.
6	Saladoba	B.M. Manuscript	Saladōbā
7	Amida	Salt	Ameda
7	Amida	Combes and Tamisier	Amda II
7	Amida	Dillmann B	Al–Amêdâ	Dillmann noted that one list he saw stated that the Nine Saints came during this king's reign.
7	Amida	Basset	Al–Amédà	This list noted that the Nine Saints came to Ethiopia during this king's reign. René Basset believed this king was Alla Amidas, during whose reign the Nine Saints came to Axum.
7	Amida	Budge	'Al 'Amêdâ	"in whose reign there went forth nine saints from Rome and Egypt, who reformed the faith".
7	Amida	B.M. Manuscript	'Al–'Āmēdā
8	Tazena	Salt	Tazena
8	Tazena	Combes and Tamisier	Tazena
8	Tazena	Dillmann B	Tazênâ
8	Tazena	Basset	Tàzénâ
8	Tazena	Budge	Tâzênâ
8	Tazena	B.M. Manuscript	Tāzēnā
9	Kaleb	Salt	Caleb
9	Kaleb	Combes and Tamisier	Kaleb
9	Kaleb	Dillmann B	Kaleb	This list called this king the one "who tore the land".
9	Kaleb	Basset	Kâlèb
9	Kaleb	Budge	Kâlêb	"who rent the earth".
9	Kaleb	B.M. Manuscript	Kālēb	E. A. Wallis Budge dated this king's reign to 514-542 and listed "Ella Asbeha" as an alternate name for this king.
10	Gabra Maskal	Salt	Guebra Mascal
10	Gabra Maskal	Combes and Tamisier	Guèbra–Mascal	This list added the epithet "Peace to you, glorious king, who triumphs in the power of the Lord, Guebra-Mascal, victor and ruler of enemies".
10	Gabra Maskal	Dillmann B	Gábra–Másqal	This list adds the note "in whose day Jared wrote the hymn book".
10	Gabra Maskal	Basset	Gabra Masqal
10	Gabra Maskal	Budge	Gabra Masḳal	"in whose reign Yared wrote a commentary on the Book of Psalms" and "who Damo, which is the place of Aragawi, our father". "Eighty generations" since the time of Adam according to this list.
10	Gabra Maskal	B.M. Manuscript	Gabra Maskal
11	Constantinos	Salt	Constantinus
11	Constantinos	Combes and Tamisier	Constantinios
11	Constantinos	Rüppell	Kustantinos
11	Constantinos	Dillmann B	Constantinos
11	Constantinos	Basset	Quasṭanṭinos
11	Constantinos	Budge	Constantine
11	Constantinos	B.M. Manuscript	Kuostantīnōs
12	Wasan Sagad	Salt	Wusen Segued
12	Wasan Sagad	Combes and Tamisier	Ouassan–Seggued
12	Wasan Sagad	Rüppell	Wasan Saged
12	Wasan Sagad	Dillmann B	Wasan–Asgad	Dillmann noted that one list stated this king was a son of Gebre Meskel.
12	Wasan Sagad	Basset	Ouasan–Sagad
12	Wasan Sagad	Budge	Wasna Sagad
12	Wasan Sagad	B.M. Manuscript	Wasan Sagad
13	Fere Sanay	Salt	Fré Sennai
13	Fere Sanay	Combes and Tamisier	Fra–Sennaï
13	Fere Sanay	Rüppell	Fare Sanai
13	Fere Sanay	Dillmann B	Ferê–Sanâi
13	Fere Sanay	Basset	Fëré–Chanâï
13	Fere Sanay	Budge	Fěrě Shanâya
13	Fere Sanay	B.M. Manuscript	Ferē Shanāy
14	Aderaz	Salt	Adieraz	According to Alaqa Taye, this king was Najashi, the Axumite king who reigned at the time of the Muslim Migration to Abyssinia.
14	Aderaz	Combes and Tamisier	Addiaraé
14	Aderaz	Rüppell	Deras
14	Aderaz	Dillmann B	Ader'âzar	Dillmann suggested that this is alternate version of the name "Andreas".
14	Aderaz	Basset	Adrëaz
14	Aderaz	Budge	Dar'az
14	Aderaz	B.M. Manuscript	'Ader'az
15	Akala Wedem	Salt	Akul Woodem
15	Akala Wedem	Combes and Tamisier	Akoul–Ouedem
15	Akala Wedem	Rüppell	Ekele Wedem
15	Akala Wedem	Dillmann B	Ekla–Udem
15	Akala Wedem	Basset	Akala–Ouëdëm
15	Akala Wedem	Budge	'Ekla Wedem
15	Akala Wedem	B.M. Manuscript	Akla Ẇedem
16	Germa Asfare II	Salt	Grim Sofer
16	Germa Asfare II	Combes and Tamisier	Grim–Sofer
16	Germa Asfare II	Rüppell	Gherma Safer
16	Germa Asfare II	Dillmann B	Germâ–Safar
16	Germa Asfare II	Basset	Garmâ–Safar
16	Germa Asfare II	Budge	Germâ Sâfar
16	Germa Asfare II	B.M. Manuscript	Germā Safar
17	Zergaz	Salt	Zer gāz
17	Zergaz	Combes and Tamisier	Zer–gas
17	Zergaz	Rüppell	Sergas
17	Zergaz	Dillmann B	Gergâz	Dillmann suggested that this king's name was alternate version of "Cyriacus".
17	Zergaz	Basset	Zërgâz
17	Zergaz	Budge	Zergâz
17	Zergaz	B.M. Manuscript	Zergāz
18	Degna Mikael	Salt	Degna Michael
18	Degna Mikael	Combes and Tamisier	Dégna–Mikael
18	Degna Mikael	Rüppell	Degena Mikael
18	Degna Mikael	Dillmann B	Degnâ–Michael
18	Degna Mikael	Basset	Dëgnâ–Mikâël
18	Degna Mikael	Budge	Degnâ Mîkâ'êl
18	Degna Mikael	B.M. Manuscript	Degnā Mīkāēl
19	Bahr Ekla	Salt	Bakr-Akla
19	Bahr Ekla	Combes and Tamisier	Begr–Agla
19	Bahr Ekla	Rüppell	Baher Ikela
19	Bahr Ekla	Dillmann B	Bâhr–Ikla
19	Bahr Ekla	Basset	Bâḥr–Iklâ
19	Bahr Ekla	Budge	Bâḥar 'Eklâ
19	Bahr Ekla	B.M. Manuscript	Bāḥer Īklā
20	Gum	Salt	Gouma
20	Gum	Combes and Tamisier	Gouma
20	Gum	Rüppell	Gum
20	Gum	Dillmann B	Gum
20	Gum	Basset	Goum
20	Gum	Budge	Gûm	"Ninety generations" since the time of Adam according to this list.
20	Gum	B.M. Manuscript	Gūm
21	Asguagum	Salt	Asgoungūm
21	Asguagum	Combes and Tamisier	Asgoungoun
21	Asguagum	Rüppell	Asegum
21	Asguagum	Dillmann B	Aguamgûm
21	Asguagum	Basset	Asguamgoum
21	Asguagum	Budge	'Asguômguěm
21	Asguagum	B.M. Manuscript	'Asguōmgūm
22	Letem	Salt	Let-um
22	Letem	Combes and Tamisier	Letoum
22	Letem	Rüppell	Letim
22	Letem	Dillmann B	Létem
22	Letem	Basset	Lëtëm
22	Letem	Budge	Letem
22	Letem	B.M. Manuscript	Letem
23	Talatem	Salt	Thala-tum
23	Talatem	Combes and Tamisier	Thalatoum
23	Talatem	Rüppell	Talatim
23	Talatem	Dillmann B	Talâtem
23	Talatem	Basset	Talâtëm
23	Talatem	Budge	Talâtem
23	Talatem	B.M. Manuscript	Talātem
24	Oda Gosh or Oda Sasa	Salt	Woddo Gúsh
24	Oda Gosh or Oda Sasa	Combes and Tamisier	Ouddo–Gouech
24	Oda Gosh or Oda Sasa	Rüppell	Ode Gosch
24	Oda Gosh or Oda Sasa	Dillmann B	Ôda–Gôsh
24	Oda Gosh or Oda Sasa	Basset	'Odâ–Sâsa
24	Oda Gosh or Oda Sasa	Budge	'Oda Gôsha
24	Oda Gosh or Oda Sasa	B.M. Manuscript	'Odā Sāsa
25	Ayzur	Salt	I zoor
25	Ayzur	Combes and Tamisier	Izour
25	Ayzur	Rüppell	Aiser	Reigned for one day and was overwhelmed by a large crowd of people who gathered around him on the day of his coronation.
25	Ayzur	Dillmann B	Aizúr	This list stated he reigned for half a day. Dillmann noted that one list explained that the king was crushed by a crowd of people who gathered around him and since then a barrier has been erected in front of kings to prevent this from happening again.
25	Ayzur	Basset	Aïzour	This list noted the king reigned for half a day and was suffocated by a crowd of people in the capital, with many men dying of suffocation also. Since then, a barrier has been placed in front the king.
25	Ayzur	Budge	'Ayzûr	"who ruled half a day". According to Budge "he was suffocated, as were many of his nobles with him".
25	Ayzur	B.M. Manuscript	'Ayzūr
26	Dedem	Salt	Didum
26	Dedem	Combes and Tamisier	Didoun
26	Dedem	Rüppell	Dedem
26	Dedem	Dillmann B	Dédem
26	Dedem	Basset	Dëdëm
26	Dedem	Budge	Deddem
26	Dedem	B.M. Manuscript	Dedem
27	Wededem	Rüppell	Wededem
27	Wededem	Dillmann B	Udédem
27	Wededem	Basset	Ouëdëdëm
27	Wededem	Budge	Weddem
27	Wededem	B.M. Manuscript	Wededem
28	Wedem Asfare	Salt	Woodm asfar
28	Wedem Asfare	Combes and Tamisier	Ouedem–Asfari I
28	Wedem Asfare	Rüppell	Wedem Asfare
28	Wedem Asfare	Dillmann B	Udem–Asfaré
28	Wedem Asfare	Basset	Ouëdëm–Asfaré	This list claimed this king lived for 150 years.
28	Wedem Asfare	Budge	Weddem 'Asfarê
28	Wedem Asfare	B.M. Manuscript	Wedem 'Asfarē
29	Armah	Salt	Armah
29	Armah	Combes and Tamisier	Armagh
29	Armah	Rüppell	Armah
29	Armah	Dillmann B	Armáh
29	Armah	Basset	Armâkh
29	Armah	Budge	'Armâkha
29	Armah	B.M. Manuscript	Armāẖ
30	Degna Djan	Salt	Degna Jan
30	Degna Djan	Combes and Tamisier	Degna–Jan
30	Degna Djan	Rüppell	Degena Schan
30	Degna Djan	Dillmann B	Degnâ–Djân
30	Degna Djan	Basset	Dëgnâ–Jân
30	Degna Djan	Budge	Degnâzân	"One hundred generations" since the time of Adam according to this list.
30	Degna Djan	B.M. Manuscript	Degnā Jān
31	Geda Djan	Rüppell	Degea Schan
31	Geda Djan	Dillmann B	Ged'â–Djân
31	Geda Djan	Budge	Deg'azan
31	Geda Djan	Basset	Gëd'â–Jân
32	Anbase Wedem	Salt	Ambasa Woodim
32	Anbase Wedem	Combes and Tamisier	Ambassa–Ouedem
32	Anbase Wedem	Rüppell	Anbasa Wedem
32	Anbase Wedem	Dillmann B	Anbasâ–Udem
32	Anbase Wedem	Basset	Anbase–Ouëdëm
32	Anbase Wedem	Budge	'Anbasa Weddem	"One hundred and two generations from Adam, and sixty-eight generations from Ebni Hakim".
32	Anbase Wedem	B.M. Manuscript	'Anbasa Wedem
33	Dil Na'od	Salt	Dilnaad
33	Dil Na'od	Combes and Tamisier	Del–Naad
33	Dil Na'od	Rüppell	Delnad	Rüppell noted this king was driven out by a Jewish woman named "Sague" and took refuge in Shewa. The name "Sague" refers to the Zagwe dynasty, who Rüppell believed were related to this queen.
33	Dil Na'od	Dillmann B	Delnoâd	This list noted that after this king the throne passed the Zagwe dynasty, who were "not Israelites".
33	Dil Na'od	Basset	Dël–Na'àd	This list noted that after this king the throne passed the Zagwe dynasty, who were "not Israelites".
33	Dil Na'od	Budge	Delna'âd	"and from Delna'ad the kingdom departed, and it was given unto others who were not of the people of Israel, that is to say they belonged to the Zague, and these reigned for three hundred and forty years".
33	Dil Na'od	B.M. Manuscript	Delna'ad
34	Gudit	Salt	Gudit or Assaat	Not included in Salt's list, but mentioned afterwards as a queen who overthrew the Axumite dynasty and moved the capital to Lasta in c. 925. The alternate name "Assaat" is probably meant to reference Esato.

Variation 3

These lists continue the line of kings after Dil Na'od. The kings from Anbase Wedem to Armah are usually placed before Dil Na'od on other lists, but are placed chronologically after him on these lists. Degna Djan is completely omitted from this variation. Bruce believed the short reign of Ayzur followed by the accession of Dil Na'od as an infant, as well as an epidemic disease spreading around Axum, all aided Judith in her conquest and usurption of the throne.
Three regnal lists are compared below:

The first and third regnal lists quoted by Pedro Páez in 1620.
The regnal list recorded by Scottish traveller James Bruce in his book Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile. His list of kings came from a manuscript held in the Debre Libanos in Shewa. His list ends with Dil Na'od.
August Dillmann's List C.

These lists are similar in most parts, but have notable differences:

Asfeh I is co-ruler with Arfed and Amsi on Páez's first list, but the other three lists do not state that all three ruled together.
Páez's third list includes an additional king named "Amiamid" between Alameda and Tazena, whose name could be a duplication of Alameda.
Armah I and Jan Asfeh are missing from Páez's third list, but appear on the other three lists in this table.
The queens named Esato and Gudit are considered to be separate individuals on Páez's third list who ruled different areas of Ethiopia, but Dillmann's list C instead considers both of these names to refer to the same queen.
No women are mentioned on Páez's first list.
On Páez's first list, Anbase Wedem and Dil Na'od are moved to the end of the list and are placed after Degna Djan and Hezba Nan, neither of whom are found on the other lists in this table. Páez's first list essentially keeps the order of the succession the same as his third list, but alters the order of a few names to match with the order found in the variation two lists mentioned above.
Dillmann's list mentions a woman named Terdai Gabaz, through whom the Zagwe dynasty was able to rise to power.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Páez 1	Abrâ e Azbâ
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Páez 3	Abrahâ e Azbahã
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Bruce	Abreha and Atzbeha	Bruce dated the conversion of Axum to Christianity to the year 333. Bruce suspected that Abreha and Atsbeha were in fact a single person known, with "Atsbeha" simply meaning "the blessed", an alternate name for the same king as was common with other Axumite king.
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Dillmann C	Abreha und Atzbeha
3	Asfeh I	Páez 1	Azfâ	Co-ruler with Arfed and Amsi according to this list. They were brothers and divided each day into three parts to rule. Manuel de Almeida also reported a similar tradition regarding kings called Azfa, Azfed and Amey.
3	Asfeh I	Páez 3	Azfehê
3	Asfeh I	Bruce	Asfeha
3	Asfeh I	Dillmann C	Asfeḥ
4 and 5	Arfed and Amsi	Páez 1	Arfêd e Amçî	Co-rulers with Asfeh according to this list. They were brothers and divided each day into three parts to rule.
4 and 5	Arfed and Amsi	Páez 3	Arfêd e Amci	Brothers according to this list.
4 and 5	Arfed and Amsi	Bruce	Arphad and Amzi
4 and 5	Arfed and Amsi	Dillmann C	Arfed und Amsî	Brothers according to this list.
6	Arad	Páez 1	Aradô
6	Arad	Páez 3	Arâd
6	Arad	Bruce	Araad
6	Arad	Dillmann C	Ar'ad
7	Saladoba	Páez 1	Aladobâ
7	Saladoba	Páez 3	Cel Adobâ
7	Saladoba	Bruce	Saladoba
7	Saladoba	Dillmann C	Sal'adôbâ
8	Alamida	Páez 1	Amiamid	During this king's reign the Nine Saints came to Axum.
8	Alamida	Páez 3	Alamidâ
8	Alamida	Bruce	Alameda
8	Alamida	Dillmann C	Alamîdâ
—	—	Páez 3	Amiamid	Possibly a duplicate of the previous king.
9	Tazena	Páez 1	Tacenâ
9	Tazena	Páez 3	Tacenâ
9	Tazena	Bruce	Tezhana
9	Tazena	Dillmann C	Tazênâ
10	Kaleb	Páez 1	Calêb
10	Kaleb	Páez 3	Calêb
10	Kaleb	Bruce	Caleb	Bruce dated this king's reign to 522.
10	Kaleb	Dillmann C	Caleb
11	Gebre Meskel	Páez 1	Grabrâ Mazcâl
11	Gebre Meskel	Páez 3	Gabra Mazcâl
11	Gebre Meskel	Bruce	Guebra Mascal
11	Gebre Meskel	Dillmann C	Gábra–Másqal
12	Constantinos	Páez 1	Constantinôs
12	Constantinos	Páez 3	Constantinôs
12	Constantinos	Bruce	Constantine
12	Constantinos	Dillmann C	Constantinos
13	Bazgar	Páez 1	Bazgâr	Budge suggested this king was the same person as Wasan Sagad.
13	Bazgar	Páez 3	Bezgâr
13	Bazgar	Bruce	Bazzer
13	Bazgar	Dillmann C	Bazgar
14	Asfeh II	Páez 1	Azfê
14	Asfeh II	Páez 3	Azfêh
14	Asfeh II	Bruce	Azbeha
14	Asfeh II	Dillmann C	Asfeḥ
15	Armah I	Páez 3	Armâh	Omitted from Páez's first list.
15	Armah I	Bruce	Armaha
15	Armah I	Dillmann C	Armâḥ
16	Jan Asfeh	Páez 3	Jan Azfêh	Omitted from Páez's first list.
16	Jan Asfeh	Bruce	Jan Asfeha
16	Jan Asfeh	Dillmann C	Djân–Asfeh
17	Jan Asgad	Páez 1	Jan Azguêd
17	Jan Asgad	Páez 3	Jan Azguêd
17	Jan Asgad	Bruce	Jan Segued
17	Jan Asgad	Dillmann C	Djân–Asgad
18	Fere Sanai	Páez 1	Freçanâi
18	Fere Sanai	Páez 3	Freçanâi
18	Fere Sanai	Bruce	Fere Sanai
18	Fere Sanai	Dillmann C	Ferê–Sanâi
19	Aderaz	Páez 1	Adoraâz
19	Aderaz	Páez 3	Aderaz
19	Aderaz	Bruce	Aderaaz
19	Aderaz	Dillmann C	Adarâz
20	Ayzur	Páez 1	Oaiçâr
20	Ayzur	Páez 3	Aiçôr
20	Ayzur	Bruce	Aizor
20	Ayzur	Dillmann C	Aizôr
21	Dil Na'od	Páez 1	Delnaôd	According to this list, the throne passed to the Zagwe dynasty after the end of this king's reign.
21	Dil Na'od	Páez 3	Delnaôd
21	Dil Na'od	Bruce	Del Naad	Bruce dated this king's reign to 960.
21	Dil Na'od	Dillmann C	Delnaod
22	Maiday	Páez 1	Madâi
22	Maiday	Páez 3	Maadâi
22	Maiday	Dillmann C	Madâi
23	Esato	Páez 3	Eçabô	A Jewish queen who reigned in Amhara.
23	Esato	Dillmann C	Esâtô	This list described this queen as a "vile and godless woman" and an "unbelieving brood" who lived in Amhara and destroyed churches. This list also claimed that she was known as Gudit in Tigray, unlike Páez's third list when named Esato and Gudit as separate rulers. Dillmann's list C specifies that this queen reigned for 40 years.
24	Gudit	Páez 3	Gudit	A queen who reigned for 40 years in Tigray and destroyed all the churches.
24	Gudit	Bruce	Judith	Not named on the list, but mentioned in his book as the ruler who came after Dil Na'od.
24	Gudit	Dillmann C	Guedîth	This list claimed Esato and Gudit were the same woman and that she was known as Esato in Amhara and Gudit in Tigray.
25	Anbase Wedem	Páez 1	Ambaçâ Udm
25	Anbase Wedem	Páez 3	Ambaçâ Udm
25	Anbase Wedem	Dillmann C	Anbasâ–Udem
26	Akala Wedem	Páez 1	Calaudên
26	Akala Wedem	Páez 3	Hualâ Udêm
26	Akala Wedem	Dillmann C	Kualâ–Udem
27	Germa Asfare II	Páez 1	Guermâ Azfarê
27	Germa Asfare II	Páez 3	Guerma Azfarê
27	Germa Asfare II	Dillmann C	Germâ–Asfarê
28	Zergaz	Páez 1	Zargâz
28	Zergaz	Páez 3	Zergâz
28	Zergaz	Dillmann C	Zergaz
29	Degna Mikael	Páez 1	Degnâ Michael
29	Degna Mikael	Páez 3	Degnâ Michael
29	Degna Mikael	Dillmann C	Degnâ–Michael
30	Badagaz	Páez 1	Badagâz
30	Badagaz	Páez 3	Badgâz
30	Badagaz	Dillmann C	Badagaz
31	Armah II	Páez 1	Armâ
31	Armah II	Páez 3	Armâh	The Zagwe dynasty reigned after this king according to this list.
31	Armah II	Dillmann C	Armâḥ
–	Hezba Nan	Páez 1	Ezbinani	The Debre Libanos manuscript, which otherwise follows the third list recorded by Paez, names this king as the successor of Armah and the last king before the Zagwe dynasty.
–	Hezba Nan	Dillmann C	Shinahanni	While Dillmann placed this king after Armah II, he noted that he only found this king on one list.
–	Degna Djan	Páez 1	Degnaxân
–	Terdai Gabaz	Dillmann C	Terdâe'–Gabaz	Some sources claim this was an alternate name for Gudit. However Gudit is already named earlier in this list. This list states that the throne was taken by a family who were not "of the family of David" and mentions after naming Terdai Gabaz. This suggests that she can be equated with Masoba Warq, a daughter of Dil Na'od, who, according to tradition was the wife of Mara Takla Haymanot, the founder of the Zagwe dynasty.

Variation 4

This variation does not include reign lengths for most names.
The following list is included in this table:

A regnal list included in a book titled History of the Kings of Dabra Yahanes, edited by Italian orientalist Carlo Conti Rossini and quoted by E. A. Wallis Budge. The list is similar to the lists in variation 2 until the reign of Constantinos, after whom the order slightly varies. The kings named Aderaz, Dedem and Geda Jan are not included in this list.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Rossini	'Abrehā and 'Aṣbeḥa
2	Atsbeha	Rossini	'Aṣbeḥa
3	Asfeh	Rossini	'Aṣfeḥ
4	Arfed	Rossini	'Arfăsked
5	Amsi	Rossini	'Amsē
6	Saladoba	Rossini	'Alādeb
7	Alameda	Rossini	'Almēdā
8	Tazena	Rossini	Tāzēnā
9	Kaleb	Rossini	Kālēb	Reigned for 40 years.
10	Gabra Maskal	Rossini	Gabra Maskal	Reigned for 40 years.
11	Yeshak	Rossini	Yeṣhaḳ	"Constantine" is listed as an alternate name for this king by Rossini.
12	Fere Sanay	Rossini	Ferē Shanāya
13	Wasan Sagad	Rossini	Wasan Sagad
14	Dagena Mikael	Rossini	Degnā Mīkāēl
15	Zergaz	Rossini	Derāz
16	Degjan	Rossini	Degzān	Unique to this variation. Possibly a duplicate of Degna Djan.
17	Germa Asfare	Rossini	Germā Sōr
18	Akala Wedem	Rossini	'Akāla Wedem
19	Bahr Ekla	Rossini	Bāḥra 'Ēkālā
20	Gum	Rossini	Gūm
21	Asguagum	Rossini	'Ashāgūm
22	Latem	Rossini	Latem
23	Talatem	Rossini	Talātem
24	Oda Gosh	Rossini	'Adẖsha
25	Ayzur	Rossini	'Ayzūr	Reigned for half a day.
26	Wededem	Rossini	'Awdamdem
27	Wedem Asfare	Rossini	Wedem Masferē	This list claimed this king lived for 150 years.
28	Armah	Rossini	'Armāh
29	Degna Djan	Rossini	Degjān
30	Anbasa Wedem	Rossini	'Anbasā Wedem
31	Dil Na'od	Rossini	Delnā'ād	Reigned for 40 years.

Variation 5

This variation does not include reign lengths and has only been attested on one known list dated to the 16th century.
The table includes names from Carlo Conti Rossini's "List F".
This list is a condensed version of variation 2, with some additional names and changes in regnal order. Notably, Kaleb is missing from this variation.
Rossini's "List G" includes these kings before Gebre Meskel instead: Asfā Sāhel, Asged, Mesēr, Ar'adu, Elā Adobā, Alāmēd, Tāzēnā and Kālēb. The kings from Asfa Sahel to Gabra Maskal are numbered 47 to 55 on list G.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1 and 2	Abreha and Atsbeha	Rossini List F	Abrehā et Aṣbeḥa
3	Dalez	Rossini List F	Dālēz	Unique to this variation. No. 11 on list G.
4	Sahel Ekla	Rossini List F	Sǎhel Iyekal'a	Unique to this variation.
5	Gabra Maskal	Rossini List F	Gabra Masqal
6	Baher Ekla	Rossini List F	Bāḥra Iyekal'a
7	Gum	Rossini List F	Gwem	No. 12 on list G.
8	Asguagum	Rossini List F	Asgwamgwem	No. 13 on list G.
9	Letem	Rossini List F	Letem	No. 14 on list G.
10	Talatem	Rossini List F	Telātem	No. 15 on list G.
11	Zergaz	Rossini List F	Zergāz
12	Badagaz	Rossini List F	Badāgoš
13	Ayzur	Rossini List F	Ayzur
14	Maiday Kala	Rossini List F	Māeda Kalā
15	Medemdem	Rossini List F	Medemdem	Probably the same king as Wededem from variation 2.
16	Wedem	Rossini List F	Wedem	Probably the same king as Dedem from variation 2.
17	Germa Asfare	Rossini List F	Germā Asfarē
18 and 19	Leb Dahare and Engede Kare	Rossini List F	Lebb Dahāri et Engedē Qarē	Unique to this variation.
20	Dil Na'od	Rossini List F	Delna'ad

Zagwe dynasty lists

Ethiopian traditions are in agreement that the Zagwe dynasty ruled at some point after the fall of Axum and directly preceded the Solomonic dynasty, but differ regarding when this dynasty first came to power, how long it remained in power and even the number of kings who ruled.
Ethiopian historian Sergew Hable Selassie noted that there are three main lists of Zagwe kings, known as the short, long and longer lists. He felt that the longer list was probably the most accurate.

Short List

Recorded in Carlo Conti Rossini's work Storia d'Etiopia. Pedro Páez recorded a version with reign lengths and noted this list was likely incomplete. Manuel de Almeida also quoted a list that claimed this dynasty only had 5 kings who ruled for 143 years. A manuscript held in Paris claimed the Zagwe dynasty had 5 kings whose rule began in either 1145 or 1147 and ended in either 1268 or 1270.

Long list

Variation 1

Recorded in Carlo Conti Rossini's work Storia d'Etiopia, Eduard Rüppell's Reise in Abyssinien and René Basset's Études sur l'histoire d'Éthiopie. Also recorded in the Paris Chronicle and a manuscript held in the British Museum. The 1922 regnal list of Ethiopia uses a similar list of kings for the Zagwe dynasty, but with some differences in reign length, giving the dynasty a total of 333 years of rule.
James Bruce used this version of this list in his book Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, though considered Tatadim, Jan Seyum, Germa Seyum, Harbai and Mairari to be descendants of Gudit who ruled at Lasta, while the other six kings were theorised to be Christian according to Bruce.

Variation 2

Recorded in Eduard Rüppell's Reise in Abyssinien and Carlo Conti Rossini's "La caduta della dinastia Zague". Rüppell's list originated from the Chronicle of Berhan Sagad and stated these kings reigned for a total of 333 years.

Variation 3

Recorded by Carlo Conti Rossini from a text from Dabra Libanos.

Descendants of the Axumite line during the Zagwe period

Some regnal lists include names of monarchs who were descended from Dil Na'od and preceded the restoration of the line under Yekuno Amlak. According to Henry Salt, these kings were based in Shewa after the family fled there following the destruction of Axum by Gudit.
The following lists are included in this table:

A list published in Henry Salt's A Voyage to Abyssinia. Salt dated their period of rule to 925–1255.
A list published by René Basset in 1882. This list stated that each king was the son of the previous king, with these kings representing eight generations directly from Dil Na'od to Yekuno Amlak.
A list published by E. A. Wallis Budge in 1928 in his book A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia.

No.	Common name	List and Position	Name on List	Notes
1	Mahbara Wedem	Salt	Maimersa Woodim
1	Mahbara Wedem	Basset	Mâkhbara-Ouēdēm
1	Mahbara Wedem	Budge	Māhbara Wedem
2	Agba Seyon	Salt	Agva Sion
2	Agba Seyon	Basset	Agbēa-Ṣyon
2	Agba Seyon	Budge	Agbēa Seyōn
3	Senfa Arad	Salt	Sin Fārat
3	Senfa Arad	Basset	Ṣēnfa-Ar'ēd	Numbered the third king of this name by Basset.
3	Senfa Arad	Budge	Ṣenfa 'Ar'ad
4	Nagash Zare	Salt	Negush Záree
4	Nagash Zare	Basset	Nagâch-Zâré
4	Nagash Zare	Budge	Nagāsha Zārē
5	Asfeh	Salt	Atzfé
5	Asfeh	Basset	Asfēḥ	Numbered the second king of this name by Basset.
5	Asfeh	Budge	'Asfeḥ
6	Yakob	Salt	Yakoob
6	Yakob	Basset	Yâ'qob
6	Yakob	Budge	Yā'akōb
7	Bahr Asgad	Salt	Birasgud
7	Bahr Asgad	Basset	Bâhr-Asgēd
7	Bahr Asgad	Budge	Bāhr 'Asgād
–	Asgad	Salt	Asgúd	Possibly a duplicate of the previous king.
8	Edem Asgad	Salt	Woodem Asgúd
8	Edem Asgad	Basset	Ēdēm-Asgēd
8	Edem Asgad	Budge	'Edēm 'Asgād

Alternate variations of the Solomonic line

Beginning with the reign of Yekuno Amlak, the line of rulers becomes more consistently noted and dated across various regnal lists. However, some emperors have been excluded from certain lists:

The first regnal list quoted by Pedro Páez omitted two of the sons of Yagbe'u Seyon.
The second regnal list quoted by Pedro Páez omitted Andreyas, who reigned for 6 months in 1429 and 1430. The same regnal list did not name directly the ephemeral sons of Yagbe'u Seyon, but simply stated that two of his sons ruled for three years followed by three grandsons who reigned for two years.
The 1922 regnal list of Ethiopia omitted Susenyos II, perhaps due to doubts over his legitimacy.

A manuscript from the Debre Damo church provided a slightly altered line of succession from Yekuno Amlak to Lebna Dengel:

Debre Damo List	Conventional List
Yekuno-Amlak	Yekuno Amlak
Wedema-Ar'ed	Wedem Arad
Qedema-Asgad, Hezba-Asgad, Senfa-Ar'ed	Qedma Asgad Hezba Asgad Senfa Ared
Bahara-Asgad	Saba Asgad
Yagba-Asgad	Yagbe'u Seyon
Amda-Seyon	Amda Seyon I
Sayfa-Ar'ed	Newaya Krestos
Germa Asfare	Newaya Maryam
Dawit	Dawit I
Tewodros	Tewodros I
Yeshaq	Yeshaq I
Endreyas	Andreyas
Hezba-Nan, Amda Iyasus, Badel-Nan	Takla Maryam Amda Iyasus Sarwe Iyasus
Zar'a Ya'qob	Zara Yaqob
Ba'eda Mariam	Baeda Maryam I
Eskender	Eskender
Na'od	Na'od
Amda Seyon	Amda Seyon II
Lebna Dengel	Lebna Dengel

The above list omits at least one of the sons of Yagbe'u Seyon. The second Amda Seyon is credited with having "fought ten kings and killed all of them", but this is likely a confusion with Amda Seyon I.

1922 regnal list

The longest regnal list of Ethiopian rulers was written in 1922 and contained 321 names from 4530 BC to 1779 AD. This list combines names from the majority of other regnal lists along with many additional names of rulers of ancient Nubia and ancient Egypt, as well as names that originate from the Biblical, ancient Greek, Coptic and Arabic literature. This regnal list first received attention in the Western world when it was published in Charles Fernand Rey's 1927 book In the Country of the Blue Nile after he had been given a copy by the Prince regent Tafari Makannon.