Range (computer programming)


In computer science, the term range may refer to one of three things:
  1. The possible values that may be stored in a variable.
  2. The upper and lower bounds of an array.
  3. An alternative to iterator.

    Range of a variable

The range of a variable is given as the set of possible values that that variable can hold. In the case of an integer, the variable definition is restricted to whole numbers only, and the range will cover every number within its range. For example, the range of a signed 16-bit integer variable is all the integers from −32,768 to +32,767.

Range of an array

When an array is numerically indexed, its range is the upper and lower bound of the array. Depending on the environment, a warning, a fatal exception, or unpredictable behavior will occur if the program attempts to access an array element that is outside the range. In some programming languages, such as C, arrays have a fixed lower bound and will contain data at each position up to the upper bound. In others, such as PHP, an array may have holes where no element is defined, and therefore an array with a range of 0 to 4 will have up to 5 elements.

Range as an alternative to iterator

Another meaning of range in computer science is an alternative to iterator. When used in this sense, range is defined as "a pair of begin/end iterators packed together". It is argued that "Ranges are a superior abstraction" for several reasons, including better safety.
In particular, such ranges are supported in C++20, Boost C++ Libraries and the D standard library.

Range as a data type

A data type for ranges can be implemented using generics.
Example in C#.

public record Range where T : IComparable;

Example in Kotlin.

data class Range>

Example in PHP.

readonly class Range

Example in Python.

from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class Range:
start: T
end: T

Rust has a built-in range struct in the standard library in. C++ has a library as well since C++20.

Range as a operator

has the and operators.

let heartwarming = "heartwarming!".to_string;
let warm = &heartwarming;

Zig also has the operator.

// To iterate over consecutive integers, use the range syntax.
var sum: usize = 0;
for |i|

As does C#,

string items = ;
string firstThreeItems = items;

F#,

// Outputs:

Kotlin,

for print

and Perl.

for

Python and PHP does not have any range operator but they do have a function.