Four Perils


The Four Perils are four malevolent beings that exist in Chinese mythology.

''Book of Documents''

In the Book of Documents, they are defined as the "Four Criminals" :
In Zuo Zhuan, Shanhaijing, and Shenyijing, the Four Perils are defined as:
  • the Hundun, a yellow winged creature of chaos with six legs and no face;
  • the Qiongqi, a monstrous creature that eats people,
  • the Taowu, a reckless, stubborn creature; The Taowu is said to appear with "a human face, a tiger's feet, a pig's tusks and a tail 18 feet long."
  • the Taotie, a gluttonous beast.

    Identification

Zhang Shoujie's Correct Meanings of the Record of the Grand Historian identifies with, Gonggong with, Gun with, and the Sanmiao with.