Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction

The Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are awarded annually for the "Letters, Drama, and Music" category. The award is given to a nonfiction book written by an American author and published during the preceding calendar year that is ineligible for any other Pulitzer Prize. The Prize has been awarded since 1962; beginning in 1980, one to three finalists have been announced alongside the winner.

Recipients

During the year 1969, 1973, 1986, and 2020, two winners were awarded the prize An additional one to three finalists have been announced alongside the winner beginning in 1980. Two authors have won multiple prizes: Barbara W. Tuchman in 1963 and 1972, and Edward O. Wilson in 1979 and 1991. Additionally, two authors have been finalists multiple times: Steven Pinker and John McPhee ; McPhee won the Prize in 1999. Three winning works were also finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for History: A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam by Neil Sheehan, Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America by Garry Wills, and The End of the Myth: From the Frontier to the Border Wall in the Mind of America by Greg Grandin.

Year	Author	Book	Publisher	Rationale
1962	'	The Making of the President 1960	Atheneum
1963	'	The Guns of August	Macmillan
1964	'	Anti-Intellectualism in American Life	Random House
1965	'	O Strange New World: American Culture: The Formative Years	Viking
1966	'	Wandering through Winter: A Naturalist's Record of a 20,000-Mile Journey through the North American Winter	Dodd
1967	'	The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture	Cornell University Press
1968	'	The Story of Civilization: Rousseau and Revolution	Simon and Schuster
1968	'	The Story of Civilization: Rousseau and Revolution	Simon and Schuster
1969	'	So Human an Animal: How We Are Shaped by Surroundings and Events	Scribner
1969	'	The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel, the Novel as History	World
1970	'	Gandhi's Truth: On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence	W. W. Norton
1971	'	The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945	Random House
1972	'	Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–1945	Macmillan
1973	'	Children of Crisis, Volumes II and III	Little
1973	'	Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam	Little
1974	'	The Denial of Death	Free Press
1974	'	The Denial of Death	Macmillan
1975	'	Pilgrim at Tinker Creek	Harper's Magazine Press
1976	'	Why Survive?: Being Old in America	Harper
1977	'	Beautiful Swimmers: Watermen, Crabs and the Chesapeake Bay	Little
1978	'	The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence	Random House
1979	'	On Human Nature	Harvard University Press
1980	'	Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid	Basic Books
1980		The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination	Yale University Press
1980		The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination	Yale University Press
1980		The Medusa and the Snail: More Notes of a Biology Watcher	Viking
1981	'	Fin-de-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture	Knopf
1981		Southerners: A Journalist's Odyssey	New American Library
1981		China Men	Knopf
1981		Goodbye, Darkness: A Memoir of the Pacific War	Little
1982	'	The Soul of a New Machine	Atlantic
1982	'	The Soul of a New Machine	Little
1982		Basin and Range	Farrar, Straus and Giroux
1982		Mrs. Harris: The Death of the Scarsdale Diet Doctor	Harcourt
1983	'	Is There No Place on Earth for Me?	Houghton Mifflin
1983		Terrorists and Novelists	Knopf
1983		The Fate of the Earth	Knopf
1984	'	The Social Transformation of American Medicine	Basic Books
1984		Conversations with the Enemy	Putnam
1984		Conversations with the Enemy	Putnam
1984		Wild Justice	Harper
1985	'	[The Good War\|"The Good War": An Oral History of World Publishing Company\|World War II]	Pantheon
1985		Dawn to the West: Japanese Literature in the Modern Era	Holt
1985		Endless Enemies: The Making of an Unfriendly World	Congdon and Weed
1986	'	Move Your Shadow: South Africa, Black and White	Times Books
1986	'	Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families	Knopf
1986		Habits and the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life	University of California Press
1987	'	Arab and Jew: Wounded Spirits in a Promised Land	Times Books
1987		Rain or Shine: A Family Memoir	Knopf
1987		Rising from the Plains	Farrar, Straus and Giroux
1988	'	The Making of the Atomic Bomb	Simon and Schuster
1988		Setting Limits: Medical Goals in an Aging Society	Simon and Schuster
1988		Chaos: Making a New Science	Viking
1989	'	A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam	Random House
1989		Danger and Survival: Choices about the Bomb in the First Fifty Years	Random House
1989		Coming of Age in the Milky Way	William Morrow
1989		The Last Farmer	Summit Books
1990	'	And Their Children after Them	Pantheon
1990	'	And Their Children after Them	Pantheon
1990		A Peace to End All Peace: Creating the Modern Middle East, 1914–1922	Holt
1990		Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History	W. W. Norton
1991	'	The Ants	Harvard University Press
1991	'	The Ants	Harvard University Press
1991		River of Traps: A Village Life	University of New Mexico Press
1991		River of Traps: A Village Life	University of New Mexico Press
1991		Looking for a Ship	Farrar, Straus and Giroux
1992	'	The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power	Simon and Schuster
1992		Broken Vessels	Godine
1992		Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics	W. W. Norton
1992		Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights, and Taxes on American Politics	W. W. Norton
1993	'	Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America	Simon and Schuster
1993		A Chorus of Stones: The Private Life of War	Doubleday
1993		Where the Buffalo Roam: Restoring America's Great Plains	Grove
1993		Days of Obligation: An Argument with My Mexican Father	Viking
1994	'	Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire	Random House
1994		The Cultivation of Hatred: The Bourgeois Experience, Victoria to Freud	W. W. Norton
1994		The End of the Twentieth Century: And the End of the Modern Age	Ticknor and Fields
1995	'	The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time	Knopf
1995		Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil: A Savannah Story	Random House
1995		How We Die: Reflections on Life's Final Chapter	Knopf
1996	'	The Haunted Land: Facing Europe's Ghosts after Communism	Random House
1996		Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life	Simon and Schuster
1996		Mr. Wilson's Cabinet of Wonder: Pronged Ants, Horned Humans, Mice on Toast, and Other Marvels of Jurassic Technology	Pantheon
1997	'	Ashes to Ashes: America's Hundred-Year Cigarette War, the Public Health, and the Unabashed Triumph of Philip Morris	Knopf
1997		The Inheritance: How Three Families and America Moved from Roosevelt to Reagan and Beyond	Simon and Schuster
1997		Fame and Folly	Knopf
1998	'	Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies	W. W. Norton
1998		Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mount Everest Disaster	Villard
1998		How the Mind Works	W. W. Norton
1999	'	Annals of the Former World	Farrar, Straus and Giroux
1999		Crime and Punishment in America	Metropolitan Books
1999		The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do	Free Press
2000	'	Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II	New Press
2000	'	Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II	W. W. Norton
2000		The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory	W. W. Norton
2000		Living on the Wind: Across the Hemisphere with Migratory Birds	Farrar, Straus and Giroux
2000		Living on the Wind: Across the Hemisphere with Migratory Birds	North Point Press
2001	'	Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan	HarperCollins
2001		Newjack: Guarding Sing Sing	Random House
2001		A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius	Simon and Schuster
2002	'	Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, the Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution	Simon and Schuster
2002		War in a Time of Peace: Bush, Clinton, and the Generals	Scribner
2002		The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression	Scribner
2003	'	"A Problem from Hell": America and the Age of Genocide	Basic Books
2003		The Anthropology of Turquoise: Meditations on Landscape, Art, and Spirit	Pantheon
2003		The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature	Viking
2004	'	Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps	Doubleday
2004		Rembrandt's Jews	University of Chicago Press
2004		The Mission: Waging War and Keeping Peace with America's Military	W. W. Norton
2005	'	Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001	Penguin
2005		Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found	Knopf
2005		The Devil's Highway: A True Story	Little
2006	'	Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya	Holt
2006		Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945	Penguin
2006		The Assassins' Gate: America in Iraq	Farrar, Straus and Giroux
2007	'	The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11	Knopf
2007		Crazy: A Father's Search through America's Mental Health Madness	Putnam
2007		Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq	Penguin
2008	'	The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939–1945	HarperCollins
2008		The Cigarette Century	Basic Books
2008		The Rest Is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century	Farrar, Straus and Giroux
2009	'	Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II	Doubleday	"A precise and eloquent work that examines a deliberate system of racial suppression and that rescues a multitude of atrocities from virtual obscurity."
2009		Gandhi and Churchill: The Epic Rivalry That Destroyed an Empire and Forged Our Age	Bantam Books	"An authoritative, deeply researched book that achieves an extraordinary balance in weighing two mighty protagonists against each other."
2009		The Bitter Road to Freedom: A New History of the Liberation of Europe	Free Press	"A heavily documented exploration of the overlooked suffering of noncombatants in the victory over Nazi Germany, written with the dash of a novelist and the authority of a scholar."
2010	'	The Dead Hand: The Untold Story of the Cold War Arms Race and Its Dangerous Legacy	Doubleday	"A well documented narrative that examines the terrifying doomsday competition between two superpowers and how weapons of mass destruction still imperil humankind."
2010		How Markets Fail: The Logic of Economic Calamities	Farrar, Straus and Giroux	"A work that probes the complexity of the Great Recession, using solid research and precise documentation to reveal not only a gripping human drama but also a tense clash of ideas."
2010		The Evolution of God	Little	"A sweeping look at the origins and development of religious belief throughout human history."
2011	'	The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer	Scribner	"An elegant inquiry, at once clinical and personal, into the long history of an insidious disease that, despite treatment breakthroughs, still bedevils medical science."
2011		The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains	W. W. Norton	"A thought provoking exploration of the Internet's physical and cultural consequences, rendering highly technical material intelligible to the general reader."
2011		Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History	Scribner	"A memorable examination of the longest and most brutal of all the wars between European settlers and a single Indian tribe."
2012	'	The Swerve: How the World Became Modern	W. W. Norton	"A provocative book arguing that an obscure work of philosophy, discovered nearly 600 years ago, changed the course of history by anticipating the science and sensibilities of today."
2012		One Hundred Names for Love: A Stroke, a Marriage, and the Language of Healing	W. W. Norton	"A resilient author's account of caring for a stricken husband, sharing fears and insights as she explores neurology and ponders the gift of words."
2012		Unnatural Selection: Choosing Boys over Girls, and the Consequences of a World Full of Men	PublicAffairs	"An evocative, deeply researched book probing the causes and effects of a global imbalance in the gender ratio."
2013	'	Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America	Harper	"A richly detailed chronicle of racial injustice in the Florida town of Groveland in 1949, involving four black men falsely accused of rape and drawing a civil rights crusader, and eventual Supreme Court justice, into the legal battle."
2013		Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity	Random House	"An engrossing book that plunges the reader into an Indian slum in the shadow of gleaming hotels near Mumbai's airport, revealing a complex subculture where poverty does not extinguish aspiration."
2013		The Forest Unseen: A Year's Watch in Nature	Viking	"A fascinating book that, for a year, closely follows the natural wonders occurring within a tiny patch of old-growth Tennessee forest."
2014	'	Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation	Bantam Books	"A book that deftly combines investigative reporting and historical research to probe a New Jersey seashore town's cluster of childhood cancers linked to water and air pollution."
2014		The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide	Knopf	"A disquieting exploration of the role played by the American president and his national security advisor in the 1971 Pakistani civil war, a bloodbath that killed hundreds of thousands and created millions of refugees."
2014		The Insurgents: David Petraeus and the Plot to Change the American Way of War	Simon and Schuster	"An engrossing look at how a tenacious general became the ringleader of efforts to reshape America's military strategy in the post-Cold War age."
2015	'	The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History	Holt	"An exploration of nature that forces readers to consider the threat posed by human behavior to a world of astonishing diversity."
2015		No Good Men among the Living: America, the Taliban, and the War through Afghan Eyes	Metropolitan Books	"A remarkable work of nonfiction storytelling that exposes the cascade of blunders that doomed America's misbegotten intervention in Afghanistan."
2015		Age of Ambition: Chasing Fortune, Truth, and Faith in the New China	Farrar, Straus and Giroux	"The story of a vast country and society in the grip of transformation, calmly surveyed, smartly reported and portrayed with exacting strokes."
2016	'	Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS	Doubleday	"A deeply reported book of remarkable clarity showing how the flawed rationale for the Iraq War led to the explosive growth of the Islamic State."
2016		Between the World and Me	Spiegel and Grau	"A powerful book that passionately and bleakly propounds the hazards faced by black men coming of age in America."
2016		If the Oceans Were Ink: An Unlikely Friendship and a Journey to the Heart of the Quran	Holt	"A perceptive account of a year spent reading the Quran, displaying grace, subtlety and humane intellect as antidotes to rampant Islamophobia."
2017	'	Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City	Crown	"For a deeply researched exposé that showed how mass evictions after the 2008 economic crash were less a consequence than a cause of poverty."
2017		In a Different Key: The Story of Autism	Crown	"For a passionate work of advocacy that traces public perceptions about autism from chillingly cruel beginnings to a kinder but still troubling present."
2017		In a Different Key: The Story of Autism	Crown	"For a passionate work of advocacy that traces public perceptions about autism from chillingly cruel beginnings to a kinder but still troubling present."
2017		The Politics of Mourning: Death and Honor in Arlington National Cemetery	Harvard University Press	"For a luminous investigation of how policies and practices at Arlington National Cemetery have mirrored the nation's fierce battles over race, politics, honor and loyalty."
2018	'	Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America	Farrar, Straus and Giroux	"An examination of the historical roots of contemporary criminal justice in the U.S., based on vast experience and deep knowledge of the legal system, and its often-devastating consequences for citizens and communities of color."
2018		Notes on a Foreign Country: An American Abroad in a Post-America World	Farrar, Straus and Giroux	"A brave and disturbing account of what it means to be an American in the world during the first decades of the 21st century."
2018		The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin's Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World—and Us	Doubleday	"A fascinating, nuanced and compelling account of the potentially unsettling implications surrounding sexual selection."
2019	'	Amity and Prosperity: One Family and the Fracturing of America	Farrar, Straus and Giroux	"A classic American story, grippingly told, of an Appalachian family struggling to retain its middle class status in the shadow of destruction wreaked by corporate fracking."
2019		Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore	Milkweed Editions	"A rigorously reported story about American vulnerability to rising seas, particularly disenfranchised people with limited access to the tools of rebuilding."
2019		In a Day's Work: The Fight to End Sexual Violence against America's Most Vulnerable Workers	New Press	"An unembellished series of case studies about sexual violence exacted on mostly immigrant women in America, many toiling in a shadow economy."
2020	'	The Undying: Pain, Vulnerability, Mortality, Medicine, Art, Time, Dreams, Data, Exhaustion, Cancer, and Care	Farrar, Straus and Giroux	"An elegant and unforgettable narrative about the brutality of illness and the capitalism of cancer care in America."
2020	'	The End of the Myth: From the Frontier to the Border Wall in the Mind of America	Metropolitan Books	"A sweeping and beautifully written book that probes the American myth of boundless expansion and provides a compelling context for thinking about the current political moment."
2020		Elderhood: Redefining Aging, Transforming Medicine, Reimagining Life	Bloomsbury	"An empathetic and nuanced critique, informed by the author's decades of experience as a geriatrician, of the ways in which our society and healthcare system neglect, stereotype and mistreat the elderly."
2020		Solitary	Grove Atlantic	"An unflinching indictment of Louisiana's most notorious prison and the racist criminal justice system as told through an innocent man's redemptive journey faced with a life sentence in solitary confinement."
2020		Solitary	Grove Atlantic	"An unflinching indictment of Louisiana's most notorious prison and the racist criminal justice system as told through an innocent man's redemptive journey faced with a life sentence in solitary confinement."
2021	'	Wilmington's Lie: The Murderous Coup of 1898 and the Rise of White Supremacy	Atlantic Monthly Press	"A gripping account of the overthrow of the elected government of a Black-majority North Carolina city after Reconstruction that untangles a complicated set of power dynamics cutting across race, class and gender."
2021		Yellow Bird: Oil, Murder, and a Woman's Search for Justice in Indian Country	Random House	"A richly-layered story with an imperfect yet memorable protagonist battling corruption, greed and intergenerational trauma when a fracking oil boom collides with reservation life in North Dakota."
2021		Minor Feelings: An Asian American Reckoning	One World	"A captivating and insightful essay collection that provides an emotional consideration of racial consciousness, compelling readers to interrogate their own ideas about our common humanity."
2021		Minor Feelings: An Asian American Reckoning	Random House	"A captivating and insightful essay collection that provides an emotional consideration of racial consciousness, compelling readers to interrogate their own ideas about our common humanity."
2022	'	Invisible Child: Poverty, Survival and Hope in an American City	Random House	"An affecting, deeply reported account of a girl who comes of age during New York City's homeless crisis—a portrait of resilience amid institutional failure that successfully merges literary narrative with policy analysis."
2022		Home, Land, Security: Deradicalization and the Journey Back from Extremism	One World	"An eye-opening global investigation into the deradicalization of violent extremists that impeccably balances empathy and skepticism."
2022		Home, Land, Security: Deradicalization and the Journey Back from Extremism	Random House	"An eye-opening global investigation into the deradicalization of violent extremists that impeccably balances empathy and skepticism."
2022		The Family Roe: An American Story	W. W. Norton	"A deeply reported account of Norma McCorvey, the Roe of Roe v. Wade, and her family, which casts fresh light on the American judicial system's half century of struggle to reckon with abortion."
2023	'	His Name Is George Floyd: One Man's Life and the Struggle for Racial Justice	Viking	"An intimate, riveting portrait of an ordinary man whose fatal encounter with police officers in 2020 sparked an international movement for social change, but whose humanity and complicated personal story were unknown."
2023	'	His Name Is George Floyd: One Man's Life and the Struggle for Racial Justice	Viking	"An intimate, riveting portrait of an ordinary man whose fatal encounter with police officers in 2020 sparked an international movement for social change, but whose humanity and complicated personal story were unknown."
2023		Sounds Wild and Broken: Sonic Marvels, Evolution's Creativity, and the Crisis of Sensory Extinction	Viking	"An insightful and revelatory work that scientifically reconsiders natural sound as a wonder of evolution, voicing concern that noisy human progress may return us to silence."
2023		Kingdom of Characters: The Language Revolution That Made China Modern	Riverhead Books	"A beguiling and original geopolitical account of how China's international prominence was made possible by the preservation and modernization of the Chinese language and the integration of Mandarin into global communication."
2023		Under the Skin: The Hidden Toll of Racism on American Lives and on the Health of Our Nation	Doubleday	"A morally urgent and elegantly rendered work drawing on history, medical research and years of reporting to document how racism infects the American healthcare system, a call to action that also offers some solutions."
2024	'	A Day in the Life of Abed Salama: Anatomy of a Jerusalem Tragedy	Metropolitan Books	"A finely reported and intimate account of life under Israeli occupation of the West Bank, told through a portrait of a Palestinian father whose five-year-old son dies in a fiery school bus crash when Israeli and Palestinian rescue teams are delayed by security regulations."
2024		Cobalt Red: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives	St. Martin's Press	"A powerful examination of mining operations in the Southeastern Congo that reveals a global system of modern-day slavery, and the inhumane, often deadly working conditions for the men, women and children who extract the rare metal required for smartphones, computers and electric vehicles."
2024		Fire Weather: A True Story from a Hotter World	Knopf	"An unsparing account of the rapacious Alberta Sands fire, fueled by an overheated atmosphere, dry forest and omnipresent petroleum products, that consumed the town of Fort McMurray at the heart of Canada's oil industry, which brings the global crisis of carbon emissions and climate change into urgent relief."
2025	'	To the Success of Our Hopeless Cause: The Many Lives of the Soviet Dissident Movement	Princeton University Press	"A prodigiously researched and revealing history of Soviet dissent, how it was repeatedly put down and came to life again, populated by a sprawling cast of courageous people dedicated to fighting for threatened freedoms and hard-earned rights."
2025		Until I Find You: Disappeared Children and Coercive Adoptions in Guatemala	Harvard University Press	"A focused, extensively reported study of how, between 1977 and 2007, Guatemala became the second largest source of foreign adoptions in the world, a breeding ground for racism, greed and exploitation."
2025'		I Am on the Hit List: A Journalist’s Murder and the Rise of Autocracy in India	Penguin	"A captivating account of a crusading South Indian's murder, a mystery rich in local culture and politics that also connects to such global themes as authoritarianism, fundamentalism and other threats to free expression."