Pulitzer Prize for Drama

The Pulitzer Prize for Drama is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. It recognizes a theatrical work staged in the U.S. during the preceding calendar year.
Joseph Pulitzer stipulated that the Pulitzer Prize for Drama should be awarded, “…“Annually, for the original American play, performed in New York, which shall best represent the educational value and power of the stage in raising the standard of good morals, good taste, and good manners." The original prize was $1,000.
Until 2007, eligibility for the Drama Prize ran from March 1 to March 2 to reflect the Broadway "season" rather than the calendar year that governed most other Pulitzer Prizes.
The drama jury is composed of four members and a chair. Typically, these are three or four critics, complemented by academics or playwrights. The jury reviews scripts submitted by New York and regional theater productions, taking the production of the play into account.
The drama jury is composed of four members and a chair. Typically, these are three or four critics, complemented by academics or playwrights. The jury reviews scripts submitted by New York and regional theater productions, taking the production of the play into account. The jury makes recommendations to the Pulitzer board, which the board is not required to accept. This can result in the prize being awarded to another play, or in no prize being awarded.

Rejections of the jury's recommendations

In 1924, the board's selection of Hell-Bent Fer Heaven over the jury's recommendation of George Kelly's The Show-Off caused a minor scandal as the recipient of the award, Hatcher Hughes, taught at Columbia, which oversees the award. The jury resigned.
In 1955 Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. pressured the prize jury into presenting the Prize to Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, which the jury considered the weakest of the five shortlisted nominees, instead of Clifford Odets' The Flowering Peach or Maxwell Anderson's The Bad Seed.
Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? was selected for the 1963 Pulitzer Prize for Drama by that year's jury. However, the jury was overruled by the award's advisory board, the trustees of Columbia University, because of the play's then-controversial use of profanity and sexual themes. The jurors, John Gassner and John Mason Brown, resigned, calling the decision "a farce."
In 1986, the jury's only recommendation was Robert Wilson's the CIVIL warS and the board declined to award a prize.
Critic Dan Sullivan criticized both the board, for ignoring the jury of experts and refusing to acknowledge the avant-garde auteur Wilson, and the jury, for not selecting other plays as finalists, such as Aunt Dan and Lemon by Wallace Shawn or The Normal Heart by Larry Kramer.

Awards and nominations

In its first 106 years to 2022, the Drama Pulitzer was awarded 91 times; none were given in 15 years and it was never split.
The most recipients of the prize in one year was five, when Michael Bennett, James Kirkwood, Jr., Nicholas Dante, Marvin Hamlisch, and Edward Kleban shared the 1976 prize for the musical A Chorus Line.

1980s

Musicals

Ten musicals have won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, roughly one per decade from the 1930s to the 2020s¹. They are: George and Ira Gershwin's Of Thee I Sing, Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific, Bock & Harnick's Fiorello!, Frank Loesser's How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, Marvin Hamlisch, Edward Kleban, James Kirkwood, Jr., and Nicholas Dante's A Chorus Line, Stephen Sondheim's and James Lapine's Sunday in the Park with George, Jonathan Larson's Rent, Brian Yorkey and Tom Kitt's Next to Normal, Lin-Manuel Miranda's Hamilton, and Michael R. Jackson's A Strange Loop. Though it did not win for Drama, Oklahoma! was awarded a special Pulitzer Prize in 1944.
Of note, South Pacific won the 1950 Pulitzer for Drama but its source material, James Michener's Tales of the South Pacific, also won the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Similarly, non-musical All the Way Home by Tad Mosel won the 1961 Pulitzer and was based on James Agee's 1957 Pulitzer winning novel A Death in the Family.
Sunday in the Park with George and Next to Normal are the only musicals that won the Pulitzer Prize and did not also win the Tony Award for Best Musical; the latter won the authors Tonys for Best Original Score and Best Orchestrations. Of Thee I Sing opened before the Tony Awards existed.
The award goes to the playwright, although production of the play is also taken into account. In the case of a musical being awarded the prize, the composer, lyricist and book writer are generally the recipients. An exception to this was the first Pulitzer ever awarded to a musical: when Of Thee I Sing won in 1932, book authors George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind, as well as lyricist Ira Gershwin, were cited as the winners, while composer George Gershwin's contribution was overlooked by the committee. The reason given was that the Pulitzer Prize for Drama is a dramatic award, and not a musical one. However, by 1950 the Pulitzer committee included composer Richard Rodgers as a recipient when South Pacific won the award, in recognition of music as an integral and important part of the theatrical experience.
Additionally, since 1983, when the identity of finalists was first disclosed, five musicals have been finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. They are: Lee Breuer and Bob Telson's The Gospel at Colonus ; Lin-Manuel Miranda and Quiara Alegría Hudes' In the Heights ; Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Kron's Fun Home ; Taylor Mac's A 24-Decade History of Popular Music ; and David Henry Hwang and Jeanine Tesori's Soft Power.
_{¹All listed dates are Prize years. Generally, the musical in question opened in New York during either the preceding calendar year or the preceding Broadway season.}

Multiple wins and nominations

The following individuals received two or more Pulitzer Prizes for Drama:

Wins	Playwright	Nominations
4	Eugene O'Neill	4
3	Edward Albee	5
3	Robert E. Sherwood	3
2	August Wilson	6
2	George S. Kaufman	2
2	Lynn Nottage	2
2	Thornton Wilder	2
2	Tennessee Williams	2

The following individuals received two or more nominations:

Nominations	Playwright
6	August Wilson
5	Edward Albee
4	Eugene O'Neill
3	Quiara Alegría Hudes
3	David Henry Hwang
3	Branden Jacobs-Jenkins
3	Tracy Letts
3	Donald Margulies
3	Suzan-Lori Parks
3	Robert E. Sherwood
3	Sam Shepard
2	Jon Robin Baitz
2	Gina Gionfriddo
2	John Guare
2	A.R. Gurney
2	Richard Greenberg
2	Tina Howe
2	Stephen Karam
2	George S. Kaufman
2	David Mamet
2	Lin-Manuel Miranda
2	Lynn Nottage
2	Sarah Ruhl
2	Neil Simon
2	Jeanine Tesori
2	Alfred Uhry
2	Thornton Wilder
2	Tennessee Williams

Lynn Nottage is the only female playwright to win the prize twice. She and August Wilson are the only playwrights of color to accomplish this feat.
Jon Robin Baitz, Gina Gionfriddo, John Guare, A.R. Gurney, Richard Greenberg, Tina Howe, Stephen Karam, Sarah Ruhl and Jeanine Tesori have each been named finalists twice without winning. David Henry Hwang is the only person to have been named a finalist thrice without winning. Lin-Manuel Miranda and Jeanine Tesori are the only people to be named as a finalist twice for writing/composing a musical, with Miranda winning in 2016.