Pontinus
Pontinus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. The scorpionfishes in this genus are distributed in the tropical and warm temperate parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans.
Taxonomy
Pontinus was first described as a genus in 1860 by the Cuban zoologist Felipe Poey y Aloy when he was describing the longsnout scorpionfish, which he had collected at Havana. This species was the only species Poey definitely placed within the new genus it is its type species by monotypy. The genus name from is derived from pontis, meaning "bridge", an allusion to the suborbital stay, or ridge, which is found in all the species in the subfamily Scorpaeninae.
Species
There are currently 19 recognized species in this genus:Pontinus accraensis Norman, 1935 Pontinus castor Poey, 1860 Pontinus clemensi Fitch, 1955 Pontinus corallinus A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903Pontinus furcirhinus Garman, 1899Pontinus helena Eschmeyer, 1965Pontinus kuhlii Pontinus leda Eschmeyer, 1969 Pontinus longispinis Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896 Pontinus macrocephalus Pontinus nematophthalmus Pontinus nigerimum Eschmeyer, 1983 Pontinus nigropunctatus Pontinus rathbuni Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896 Pontinus rhodochrous Pontinus sierra Pontinus strigatus Heller & Snodgrass, 1903 Pontinus tentacularis Pontinus vaughani Barnhart & C. L. Hubbs, 1946
Characteristics
Pontinus scorpionfishes have very bony heads. The head has two preorbital spines over the maxillary, and 3-4 spines on the suborbital ridge, although the first spine on the preorbital bone is frequently absent. There is a supplemental preopercular spine. The uppermost preopercular spine is the longest, with the second preopercular spine being often absent; then the third and fourth are present, but the fifth may be present or absent. They have both vomerine teeth and paltine teeth. The dorsal fin contains 12 spines and 9-10 soft rays, while the anal fin has three spines and five soft rays, with the rearmost ray deeply split. There are 15-20 unbranched fin rays in the pectoral fin. They have a swimbladder. The scales on the body are ctenoid, and the cheek, postorbital area and top of head are all scaled. They do not have an occipital pit. These scorpionfishes vary in size from a total length of in the spinythroat scorpionfish to in the mottled spinefish.
Distribution and habitat
Pontinus scorpionfishes are found in tropical and temperate waters of the Atlantic Indian and Pacific oceans. These are demersal fishes.