Polish Soil Classification

The Polish Soil Classification is a soil classification system used to describe, classify and organize the knowledge about soils in Poland.

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Overview

Presented below the 5th edition of Polish Soil Classification was published by Soil Science Society of Poland in 2011 and was in use to 2019 when 6th edition of Polish Soil Classification was published. Previous ones were published in 1956, 1959, 1974 and 1989, and they, following Dokuchaiev's ideas, were relied mostly on the natural's criteria like soil forming processes and soil morphological features. 5th edition of classification, where it was possible, was built on quantitative criteria, like quantitative described diagnostic horizons, diagnostic materials and diagnostic properties. Soil forming processes are not a part of classification but the relationship between the processes and their morphological effects was taken into account during creating differentiating criteria of diagnostic horizons, materials and properties. The classification derives much of international systems: USDA soil taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources - WRB.
Polish soil science intellectual tradition has always maintained a balance between genetical-geographic approach and substantional-geological-petrographic approach. Multilateral look at the soil manifested, in all editions of classification, that each soil was described by three types of characteristics:

Genetical genesis described by type of soil – based on diagnostic horizons, materials and properties,
Geological origin of bedrock described by what might be literally translated as "kind" or "sort" of soil,
Soil texture described of what might be literally translated as "class" or "species" of soil.

The Polish Soil Classification has a hierarchical construction. Type of soil is a basic unit of the classification. They are distinguished on a basis of specific layout of main soil genetic or diagnostic horizons, similar chemical, physical and biological properties, type of humus, type of weathering and movement and deposition of results of that weathering. In principle, soil type is a result of main soil forming process. Types of soil are grouped into soil orders. They are identified based on the presence or absence of diagnostic horizons and properties reflecting the effect of specific groups of soil forming processes. Soil types are divided into subtypes.

Genetical classification of soils (2011-2019)

Order 1. Initial soils
Order 2. Weakly developed soils
Order 3. Brown forest soils
Order 4. Rusty soils
Order 5. Brown forest podzolic soils
Order 6. Podzol soils
Order 7. Chernozemic soils
Order 8. Gley soils
Order 9. Vertisols
Order 10. Organic soils
Order 11. '''Anthropogenic soils'''

Geological origin of bedrock and soil texture

Geological origin of bedrock described by rodzaj gleby describes geological origin and properties of material from which the soil was formed. It is not the same as soil family from USDA Soil Taxonomy. Examples can be: granitoid, basalt, amphibolite, sandstone, limestone, gypsum, glacial till, sandur sand, loess and others.
Sizes of soil particles and texture of soil material are very similar to USDA classification. It makes possible correlating results of particle size analysis of soils described using USDA and Polish Soil Classification systems.

Name of soil separate	Diameter limits
Clay	less than 0.002
Silt	0.002–0.05
Sand	0.05–2.00
Gravel	2.00–75.00
Cobbles	75.00–200.00
Stones	200.00–600.00
Bouldres	more than 600.00