Pisidium
Pisidium is a genus of very small or minute freshwater clams known as pill clams or pea clams, aquatic bivalve molluscs in the family Sphaeriidae, the pea clams and fingernail clams.
In some bivalve classification systems, the family Sphaeriidae is referred to as Pisidiidae, and occasionally Pisidium species are grouped in a subfamily known as Pisidiinae.
''Pisidium'' and taphonomy
In large enough quantities, the minute shells of these bivalves can affect environmental conditions, and this change in conditions can positively affect the ability of organic remains in the immediate environment to fossilize. For example, in the Dinosaur Park Formation, the fossil remains of hadrosaur eggshells are rare. This is because the breakdown of tannins from the local coniferous vegetation caused the ancient waters to be acidic, and therefore usually eggshell fragments dissolved in the water before they had a chance to be fossilized.Hadrosaur eggshell fragments are however present in two microfossil sites in the area. Both of these sites are dominated by preserved shells of invertebrate life, primarily shells of pisidiids. The slow dissolution of these minute bivalve shells released calcium carbonate into the water, raising the water's pH high enough that it prevented the hadrosaur eggshell fragments from dissolving before they could be fossilized.
Extant subgenera and species
Extant subgenera and species within the genus Pisidium include:Subgenus Euglesa Jenyns, 1832
- Pisidium casertanum
- Pisidium globulare Clessin, 1873
- Pisidium personatum Malm, 1855
- Pisidium amnicum
- Pisidium dilatatum Westerlund, 1897
- Pisidium hinzi Kuiper, 1975
- Pisidium obtusale
- Pisidium henslowanum
- Pisidium lilljeborgii Clessin, 1886
- Pisidium supinum A. Schmidt, 1851
- Pisidium waldeni Kuiper, 1975
- Pisidium hibernicum Westerlund, 1894
- Pisidium crassum Stelfox, 1918
- Pisidium milium Held, 1836
- Pisidium nitidum Jenyns, 1832
- Pisidium pseudosphaerium Favre, 1927
- Pisidium pulchellum Jenyns, 1832
- Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855
- Pisidium conventus Clessin, 1867
- Pisidium moitessierianum Paladilhe, 1866
- Pisidium tenuilineatum Stelfox, 1918
- Pisidium giraudi Bourguignat, 1885
- Pisidium hodgkini
- Pisidium pirothi Jickeli, 1881
- Pisidium artifex Kuiper, 1960
- Pisidium stewarti Preston, 1909
- Pisidium annandalei Prashad, 1925
- Pisidium edlaueri Kuiper, 1960
- Pisidium javanum van Benthem Jutting, 1931
- Pisidium maasseni Kuiper, 1987
- Pisidium punctiferum
- Pisidium raddei Dybowski, 1902
- undescribed Pisidium species from Africa