Pilea


Pilea, with 600–715 species, is the largest genus of flowering plants in the nettle family Urticaceae.
It is distributed throughout the tropics, subtropics, and warm temperate regions.

Description

The majority of species are shade-loving herbaceous plants or shrubs, which are easily distinguished from other Urticaceae by the combination of opposite leaves with a single ligulate intrapetiolar stipule in each leaf axil and cymose or paniculate inflorescences.

Uses

Pilea is of little economic importance; one species is used in Chinese traditional medicine.

Horticulture

Six species have horticultural value,
Some pileas are grown for their ornamental foliage which is shaped like lily-pads.
The ASPCA includes many pilea species in the list of plants that are non-toxic to pets.

Systematics

The genus has attracted little monographic attention since Weddell, and the majority of taxonomic contributions have come from floristic treatments. To date, 787 species names have been published and estimates for the species number range from 250 to 1000. Based on previous floristic treatments, about 30% of the species from regions not yet covered by contemporary floristic treatments may be undescribed.
The genus name Pilea is Latin for "felt cap", a reference to the calyx covering the achene.

Selected species

Fossil record

The fossil species †Pilea cantalensis was widely distributed in Europe and West Siberia during the Miocene and Pliocene. It is related to the East Asian Pilea mongolica and to the North American Pilea pumila.