Peristylus

Peristylus, sometimes commonly known as ogre orchids or bog orchids is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It consists of over 100 known species found across much of eastern and southern Asia as well as in Australia and on many islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Description

Orchids in the genus Peristylis are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs with paired fleshy tubers and thread-like, unbranched roots. The stems are upright and unbranched. The leaves are arranged in a rosette at the base of the plants or near the centre of the stem. The flowers are resupinate, usually small, often crowded, white, green or yellowish and usually only last a few days. The dorsal sepal and petals overlap to form a hood over the column. The labellum has a spur and usually three lobes which may be short or long and threadlike. The distinguishing feature of the genus is the presence of two club-shaped projections on the stigma. In many respects, plants in this genus are similar to those in Habenaria, only differing in the structure of the column.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Peristylus was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume and the description was published in Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië . The name Peristylus is derived from the Greek words peri meaning 'around', and stylos 'column', referring to the arms on each side of the column.

Distribution

Orchids in the genus Peristylus are found in Japan, China, Mongolia, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, New Guinea, Polynesia and Australia.

Species

, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepted the following species:

Peristylus affinis Seidenf. – Himalaya to S. China and Indo-China
Peristylus aliformis Renz & Vodonaivalu – Fiji
Peristylus alpinipaludosus Schuit. & de Vogel – W. New Guinea
Peristylus aristatus Lindl. – Indian Subcontinent to Myanmar
Peristylus balaenolabium Ormerod – Sumatera
Peristylus balakrishnanii Karthig., Sumathi & Jayanthi – S. Andaman Islands
Peristylus banfieldii Lavarack – N. & N.E. Queensland
Peristylus biermannianus X.H.Jin – Central & E. Himalaya
Peristylus bismarckiensis P.F.Hunt – Papua New Guinea
Peristylus brachyphyllus A.Rich. – S. India
Peristylus brassii Ormerod – W. New Guinea
Peristylus brevicalcar Carr – Borneo
Peristylus brevilobus Thwaites – Sri Lanka
Peristylus calcaratus S.Y.Hu – E. Nepal, S. China to Vietnam, Taiwan
Peristylus carnosipetalus Kurzweil – N. Thailand
Peristylus carolinensis Tuyama – Caroline Islands
Peristylus chapaensis Seidenf. – N. Vietnam
Peristylus chlorandrellus D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – Queensland
Peristylus ciliatus Carr – Borneo
Peristylus ciliolatus J.J.Sm. – New Guinea
Peristylus citrinus Lindl. – Mascarenes
Peristylus commersonianus Lindl. – Réunion
Peristylus constrictus Lindl. – Indian Subcontinent to Indo-China
Peristylus cryptostylus Ormerod – Society Islands
Peristylus cubitalis Kraenzl. – India to Myanmar
Peristylus cymbochilus Renz – Papua New Guinea
Peristylus densus Santapau & Kapadia – Indian Subcontinent to S. China, S. Korea, S. Central & S. Japan to Nansei-shoto
Peristylus djampangensis J.J.Sm. – Jawa
Peristylus elbertii J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands
Peristylus flexuosus S.Moore – Mascarenes
Peristylus formosanus T.P.Lin – Central Nansei-shoto to Taiwan
Peristylus gardneri Kraenzl. – Sri Lanka
Peristylus goodyeroides Lindl. – Tropical & Subtrop. Asia
Peristylus gracilis Blume – Assam to Taiwan and Malesia
Peristylus grandis Blume – Thailand to New Guinea
Peristylus hallieri J.J.Sm. – Borneo
Peristylus hamiltonianus Lindl. – Central & E. Himalaya to Thailand
Peristylus hatusimanus T.Hashim. – Japan
Peristylus holochila N.Hallé – Hawaiian Islands
Peristylus holttumianus Seidenf. ex Aver. – S. Vietnam
Peristylus holttumii Seidenf. – S. Indo-China to Peninsula Malaysia
Peristylus hylophiloides Ormerod – Philippines
Peristylus intrudens Ormerod – Central Nepal, Indo-China, China, C. Taiwan, Philippines
Peristylus iyoensis Ohwi – E. Nepal, N. Thailand, S. Korea, S. Central & S. Japan, Central & S. Taiwan
Peristylus jinchuanicus K.Y.Lang – China
Peristylus kerrii Seidenf. – N. Thailand
Peristylus kinabaluensis Carr – Borneo
Peristylus korinchensis Ridl. – Sumatera
Peristylus kumaonensis Renz – W. Himalaya
Peristylus lacertifer J.J.Sm. – Central Himalaya to S. Japan and W. Malesia
Peristylus lancifolius A.Rich. – S. India
Peristylus latilobus J.J.Sm. – E. Jawa
Peristylus lawii Wight – Himalaya to India
Peristylus listeroides P.F.Hunt – New Guinea
Peristylus lombokensis J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands
Peristylus macer P.F.Hunt – New Guinea
Peristylus maculifer Renz & Vodonaivalu – Vanuatu, Fiji
Peristylus maingayi J.J.Wood & Ormerod – S. Indo-China to N. Queensland
Peristylus minimiflorus N.Hallé – New Caledonia, Futuna, Cook Islands
Peristylus minimus Kurzweil & Tripetch – Thailand
Peristylus monticola Seidenf. – Andaman Islands, Malesia to New Guinea
Peristylus mucronatus J.J.Sm. – Maluku
Peristylus nanus P.F.Hunt – New Guinea
Peristylus norumbus Ormerod – Papua New Guinea
Peristylus novoebudarum F.Muell. – S.W. Pacific
Peristylus nymanianus Kraenzl. – New Guinea
Peristylus ovariophorus Carr – Borneo
Peristylus pachyneuroides Renz – Papua New Guinea
Peristylus pachyneurus P.F.Hunt – New Guinea
Peristylus palawensis Tuyama – Caroline Islands
Peristylus parishii Rchb.f. – Indian Subcontinent to S. China and Indo-China
Peristylus phuwuanensis Kurzweil – N.E. Thailand
Peristylus plantagineus Lindl. – India, Sri Lanka
Peristylus ponerostachys Ormerod – Philippines
Peristylus prainii Kraenzl. – Central Himalaya to Indo-China
Peristylus pseudophrys Kraenzl. – Sikkim
Peristylus reticulatus Ormerod – Philippines
Peristylus richardianus Wight – E. Nepal, S. India
Peristylus rigidus Kurzweil – N. Thailand
Peristylus rindjaniensis J.J.Sm. – Lesser Sunda Islands
Peristylus sahanii Kumar, G.S.Rawat & Jalal – N.E. India
Peristylus secundus Rathakr. – S. India
Peristylus setifer Tuyama – Caroline Islands
Peristylus silvicola P.F.Hunt – New Guinea
Peristylus societatis N.Hallé – Society Islands
Peristylus spathulatus J.J.Sm. – Borneo
Peristylus spiralis A.Rich. – S.W. India, Sri Lanka
Peristylus staminodiatus J.J.Sm. – Sulawesi
Peristylus stenodon Kores – Vanuatu
Peristylus stocksii Kraenzl. – W. India
Peristylus subaphyllus Seidenf. – Cambodia
Peristylus tentaculatus J.J.Sm. – S. China to Hainan
Peristylus tenuicallus Ormerod – Vietnam
Peristylus timorensis J.J.Wood & Ormerod – Lesser Sunda Islands
Peristylus tipulifer Mukerjee – India, Central Himalaya to China and Indo-China
Peristylus tobensis J.J.Sm. – N. Sumatera
Peristylus tradescantiifolius Kores – Maluku to S.W. Pacific
Peristylus triaena P.F.Hunt – New Guinea to Solomon Islands
Peristylus tricallosus J.J.Sm. – Sulawesi
Peristylus trimenii Abeyw. – Sri Lanka
Peristylus umbonatus P.F.Hunt – New Guinea
Peristylus unguiculatus J.J.Sm. – Borneo
Peristylus wheatleyi P.J.Cribb & B.A.Lewis – Vanuatu
Peristylus whistleri P.J.Cribb – Samoa