Fasciolariidae

Fasciolariidae is a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. Species in Fasciolariidae are commonly known as tulip snails and spindle snails.
The family Fasciolariidae most likely appeared about 110 million years ago during the Cretaceous period.

Distribution

Description

The anatomy of Fasciolariidae and Buccinidae is very similar. Distinction is usually made on basis of differences in the radula and the stomach anatomy.
The shells are usually reddish in color and have a moderate to large size, reaching a height between 1.0 and 60 cm. The shells are spindle-shaped and biconic. The spire is elongated. The siphonal canal is well developed and is long to moderately long. The columella varies between a smooth appearance and showing spiral folds. The horny operculum has an oval shape. Their radula is characteristic with narrow central teeth with three cusps. The wide lateral teeth show numerous ctenoid cusps.
Snails in the family Fasciolariidae are carnivorous. They feed on other gastropods and on bivalves. Some also prey on worms and barnacles.
The snails are gonochoristic, i.e. the individuals have just one sex. The female snails deposit their eggs in horny capsules either in a single form or in clusters arranged around a hollow axis. The single forms have a flattened, disk-shaped, or vase-shaped form. The clusters are hemispherical or cylindrical. Development is usually direct. The larvae emerge from the capsules as free-swimming young or as crawling young.

Taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the Fasciolariidae consist of the following subfamilies:

Clavilithinae Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 †
Fasciolariinae Gray, 1853
Fusininae Wrigley, 1927 - synonyms: Fusinae Swainson, 1840 ; Cyrtulidae MacDonald, 1869; Streptochetinae Cossmann, 1901
Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880 - synonym: Latiridae Iredale, 1929

Genera

Genera in the family Fasciolariidae include :
;subfamily Clavilithinae Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 †

† Africolithes Eames, 1957
† Austrolithes Finlay, 1931
† Chiralithes Olsson, 1930
† Clavellofusus Grabau, 1904
† Clavilithes Swainson, 1840
† Cosmolithes Grabau, 1904
† Mancorus Olsson, 1931
† Papillina Conrad, 1855
† Perulithes Olsson, 1930
† Clavella Swainson, 1835 accepted as Clavilithes Swainson, 1840 †
† Rhopalithes Grabau, 1904 accepted as Clavilithes Swainson, 1840 †
† Turrispira Conrad, 1866 accepted as Clavilithes Swainson, 1840 †
† Daphnobela Cossmann, 1896
† Euthriofusus Cossmann, 1901

;subfamily FasciolariinaeFasciolaria Lamarck, 1799 - type genus, the Tulip shellsAfricolaria Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012Aurantilaria Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012Australaria Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012Bellifusus Stephenson, 1941 †Boltenella Wade, 1917 †Brucia Cossmann, 1920 †Calkota Squires & Saul, 2003Cinctura Hollister, 1957Conradconfusus Snyder, 2002 †Cryptorhytis Meek, 1876 †Drilliovoluta Cossmann, 1925 †Drilluta Wade, 1916 †Filifusus Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012Glaphyrina Finlay, 1926Granolaria Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012Haplovoluta Wade, 1918 †Hercorhyncus Conrad, 1869 †Hylus Wade, 1917 †Kilburnia Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012Liochlamys Dall, 1889 †Lirofusus Conrad, 1865 †Lugubrilaria Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012Lyonsifusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018Mariafusus Petuch, 1988 †Micasarcina Squires & Saul, 2003 †Microcolus Cotton & Godfrey, 1932Microfulgur Finlay & Marwick, 1937Mylecoma Squires & Saul, 2003 †Odontofusus Whitfield, 1892 †Paleopsephaea Wade, 1926 †Parafusus Wade, 1918 †Perse B.L. Clark, 1918 †Piestochilus Meek, 1864 †Plectocion Stewart, 1927 †Pleia Finlay, 1930Pleuroploca P. Fischer, 1884Pliculofusus Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 †Saginafusus Iredale, 1931Scobina Wade, 1917 †Serrifusus Meek, 1876 †Skyles Saul & Popenoe, 1993 †Terebraspira Conrad, 1862 †Trichifusus Bandel, 2000 †Triplofusus Olsson & Harbison, 1953Wadia Cossmann, 1920 †Whitneyella Stewart, 1927 †Woodsella Wade, 1926 †
;subfamily FusininaeFusus Bruguière, 1789 : synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815Aegeofusinus Russo, 2017Africofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018Amiantofusus Fraussen, Kantor & Hadorn, 2007

† Angustifusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 Apertifusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018Aptyxis Troschel, 1868Araiofusus Callomon & Snyder, 2017 Ariefusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018Aristofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018Barbarofusus Grabau & Shimer, 1909Callifusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018Chryseofusus Hadorn & Fraussen, 2003Cyrtulus Hinds, 1843 - Cyrtulus serotinus Hinds, 1843Enigmofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
† Eofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 Falsicolus Finlay, 1930Falsifusus Grabau, 1904 †Fredenia Cadée & Janssen, 1994 †Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815 - type genus of the subfamily FusininaeGemmocolus Maxwell, 1992 †Goniofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018Gracilipurpura Jousseaume, 1880Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954Harasewychia Petuch, 1987Harfordia Dall, 1921Heilprinia Grabau, 1904Helolithus Agassiz, 1846 †Hesperaptyxis Snyder & Vermeij, 2016Lepidocolus Maxwell, 1992 †Liracolus Maxwell, 1992 †Lyonsifusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018Marmorofusus Snyder & Lyons, 2014Okutanius Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018Ollaphon Iredale, 1929Priscofusus Conrad, 1865 †Profusinus Bandel, 2000 †Propefusus Iredale, 1924Pseudaptyxis Petuch, 1988 †Pullincola de Gregorio, 1894 †Remera Stephenson, 1941 †Rhopalithes Grabau, 1904 †Simplicifusus Kira, 1972Solutofusus Pritchard, 1898 †Spirilla Agassiz, 1842 †Streptocarina Hinsch, 1977 †Streptochetus Cossmann, 1889 †Streptodictyon Tembrock, 1961 †Streptolathyrus Cossmann, 1901 †Tectifusus Tate, 1893 †Trophonofusus Kuroda & Habe, 1971Turrispira Conrad, 1866 †Vermeijius Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018Viridifusus Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012

;subfamily PeristerniinaePeristernia Mörch, 1852 - type genus of the subfamily PeristerniinaeAptycholathyrus Cossman & Pissarro, 1905 †Ascolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †Benimakia Habe, 1958Brocchitas Finlay, 1927 †Bullockus Lyons & Snyder, 2008Dennantia Tate, 1888 †Dentifusus Vermeij & Rosenberg, 2003Eolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †Exilifusus Conrad, 1865 †Fractolatirus Iredale, 1936Fusolatirus Kuroda & Habe, 1971Hemipolygona Rovereto, 1899Lathyropsis Oostingh, 1939 †Latirofusus Cossmann, 1889Latirogona Laws, 1944 †Latirolagena Harris, 1897Latirulus Cossmann, 1889Latirus Montfort, 1810Leucozonia Gray, 1847Lightbournus Lyons & Snyder, 2008Liochlamys Dall, 1889 †Mazzalina Conrad, 1960 †Neolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †Nodolatirus Bouchet & Snyder, 2013Nodopelagia Hedley, 1915Opeatostoma Berry, 1958Plesiolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †Plicatella Swainson, 1840Polygona Schumacher, 1817Psammostoma Vermeij & Snyder, 2002 †Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884Pustulatirus Vermeij & Snyder, 2006Ruscula Casey, 1904 †Streptopelma Cossmann, 1901 †Tarantinaea Monterosato, 1917Taron Hutton, 1883Teralatirus Coomans, 1965Turrilatirus Vermeij & M.A. Snyder, 2006
; Subfamily ?Crassibougia Stahlschmidt & Fraussen, 2012
; Genera brought into synonymy:Aptyxis Troschel, 1868: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815Buccinofusus Conrad, 1868: synonym of Conradconfusus Snyder, 2002 †Bulbifusus Conrad, 1865 †: synonym of Mazzalina Conrad, 1960 †Chasca Clench & Aguayo, 1941: synonym of Chascax Watson, 1873: synonym of Hemipolygona Rovereto, 1899Chascax Watson, 1873: synonym of Hemipolygona Rovereto, 1899Cinctura Hollister, 1957: synonym of Fasciolaria Lamarck, 1799Clavella Swainson, 1835: synonym of Clavilithes Swainson, 1840 †Cymatium Link, 1807: synonym of Latirus Montfort, 1810Exilifusus Gabb, 1876 †: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815Fusilatirus McGinty, 1955: synonym of Dolicholatirus Bellardi, 1884Fusus Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815Gracilipurpura Jousseaume, 1881 †: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815Heilprinia Grabau, 1904: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815Iaeranea Rafinesque, 1815: synonym of Fasciolaria Lamarck, 1799Lagena Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Latirolagena Harris, 1897Lathyrus Schinz, 1825: synonym of Latirus Montfort, 1810Latirofusus Cossmann, 1889: synonym of Dolicholatirus Bellardi, 1884Latyrus Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Latirus Montfort, 1810Propefusus Iredale, 1924: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815Pseudofusus Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815Pseudolatirus Cossmann, 1889 †: synonym of Streptolathyrus Cossmann, 1901 †Simplicifusus Kira, 1972: synonym of Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954Sinistralia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815Tarantinaea Monterosato, 1917: synonym of Fasciolaria Lamarck, 1799