Arch of Freedom of the Ukrainian People
The Arch of Freedom of the Ukrainian People, formerly known as Peoples' Friendship Arch, is a monument in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It was opened on 7 November 1982, amidst the celebration of the 1,500th Anniversary of Kyiv, to commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the USSR and the "Union of [Russia and Ukraine Tercentenary|reunification of Ukraine with Russia in 1654]".
The sculpture under the arch, which depicted a Ukrainian worker and a Russian worker standing together, was dismantled in April 2022 amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 17 April 2024 the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy removed the official status of the monument and allowed its dismantling. On 25 April 2024 the Kyiv City State Administration announced that the monument would not be demolished but would "receive a new concept." This despite the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory had been advocating "complete dismantling." On 30 April 2024 the sculptural composition of 20 elements that honoured the Pereiaslav Agreement was dismantled.
Name
Since 14 May 2022, according to the decision of the Kyiv City Council, the monument is named the Arch of Freedom of the Ukrainian People.The official name from opening date in 1982 until its renaming was Peoples' Friendship Arch, colloquially the monument was referred to as the Rainbow or the Yoke.
Description
The Friendship Arch was constructed in 1982 by sculptor A. Skoblikov and architect I. Ivanov and others. The monument consisted of three sculptural elements: an arch and two statues.- A in diameter, rainbow-shaped arch, made of titanium.
- A bronze statue depicting a Russian and a Ukrainian worker holding up the Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples
- A granite stele depicting the participants of the Pereyaslav Council of 1654.
The monument was unveiled by the First Secretary of the Communist Party Volodymyr Shcherbytsky amidst the celebration of the 1,500th Anniversary of Kyiv, on 7 November 1982, to commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the USSR and the reunification of Ukraine with Russia in 1654. Although the USSR was proclaimed on 30 December 1922; 7 November 1982 was the 65th anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917. The monument was opened together with the All-Union Lenin Museum.
Location
The whole People's Friendship Arch complex was located on top of the right bank of the Dnieper river overlooking the Park Bridge and the Shore Highway. This location is behind the buildings complex of the National Philharmonic Society of Ukraine in Khreshchatyi Park which at the time of opening was called the Pioneer Park.Dismantling
On 20 May 2016, the Ukrainian government announced plans to dismantle the arch as part of its decommunization laws. In its place, a memorial dedicated to veterans of the Russo-Ukrainian War was planned. The Director of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance Volodymyr Viatrovych stated in February 2018, that "a sculptural group" of the monument should be removed according to the decommunization laws.For the Eurovision Song Contest 2017, the arch was temporarily painted as a rainbow and renamed the Arch of Diversity. It doubled as the symbol of the Kyiv Pride parade, and was illuminated as a rainbow at night.
In 2018, human rights activists put a temporary sticker on the arch that looked like a crack. This was a sign of support for political prisoners who are illegally detained in Russia and annexed Crimea. According to the organizers, the action aims to draw attention to the fate of Ukrainian citizens, as well as to urge everyone to make as much effort as possible to free political prisoners in Russia.
After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 25 April 2022, mayor of Kyiv, Vitali Klitschko, announced the dismantling of the sculptural part of the monument as having lost its ideological meaning. The next day, during the dismantling of a bronze sculptural group, the head of a figure symbolizing a Russian fell off. The arch itself was planned to be renamed and highlighted with the color of the Ukrainian flag. Klitschko proposed to the Kyiv City Council to rename the arch of the People's Friendship Arch into the Arch of Freedom of the Ukrainian People. One of the designers of the monument, Serhiy Myrhorodsky, agreed with the dismantling of the monument.
The People's Friendship Arch was one of 60 monuments that the Kyiv City Council planned to remove. On 14 May 2022, according to the decision of the Kyiv City Council, it was named the Arch of Freedom of the Ukrainian People.
An expert commission of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory concluded on 29 March 2024 that although the monument was renamed it did still "belong to the symbols of Russian imperial policy and is subject to complete dismantling." The commission noted that it "therefore poses a threat to Ukraine's national security." Prior UINM head Anton Drobovych had stated that it would be a good idea to reformat the monument into a rainbow and that such "an artistic solution" would have "clearly separated Ukraine from modern Russia, in which representatives of the LGBTQ+ community are persecuted."
On 17 April 2024 the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy removed the monument from its State Register of Immovable Monuments of Ukraine, adding that the monument "represents exclusively Soviet ideologues" and allowing for it to be dismantled.
On 25 April 2024 the Kyiv City State Administration announced that the monument would not be demolished because "its meaning has been reinterpreted." They also stated that "the space near it will receive a new concept."
On 30 April 2024 the sculptural composition in honor of the Pereiaslav Agreement was removed. This of the monument consisted of 20 elements that weighted about 6,000-7,000 tons. It was stored in the Ukraine State Aviation Museum.