Phenomenology (physics)
In physics, phenomenology is the application of theoretical physics to experimental data by making quantitative predictions based upon known theories. It is related to the philosophical notion of the same name in that these predictions describe anticipated behaviors for the phenomena in reality. Phenomenology stands in contrast with experimentation in the scientific method, in which the goal of the experiment is to test a scientific hypothesis instead of making predictions.
Phenomenology is commonly applied to the field of particle physics, where it forms a bridge between the mathematical models of theoretical physics and the results of the high-energy particle experiments. It is sometimes used in other fields such as in condensed matter physics and plasma physics, when there are no existing theories for the observed experimental data.
Applications in particle physics
Standard Model consequences
Within the well-tested and generally accepted Standard Model, phenomenology is the calculating of detailed predictions for experiments, usually at high precision.Examples include:
- Next-to-leading order calculations of particle production rates and distributions.
- Monte Carlo simulation studies of physics processes at colliders.
- Extraction of parton distribution functions from data.
CKM matrix calculations
The CKM matrix is useful in these predictions:- Application of heavy quark effective field theory to extract CKM matrix elements.
- Using lattice QCD to extract quark masses and CKM matrix elements from experiment.