Panorpa

Panorpa is a genus of scorpionflies that is widely dispersed, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. However, they do not occur in western North America. Thirteen species occur in eastern Canada.
About 260 species are described.
Larvae and adults feed on carrion.
The species P. vulgaris, has become a model insect for testing theories of sexual selection as its mating system has been noted to be similar to that of humans in some aspects. Studies show that both sexes of the species display mating preferences for direct and indirect benefits to increase reproductive success. The production of nuptial gifts during copulation in males and high nutritional condition in females are indicators of "good foraging genes", an indirect benefit that individuals look for in their partners. These genetic benefits can increase fitness in offspring and improve their foraging ability.
The life-cycle of Panorpa nuptialis and its habits, have become of interest in the field of forensic entomology.

Species

Panorpa acanthophylla Zhou, 2006 Panorpa accola Byers, 2011 Panorpa acicularis Byers, 2001 Panorpa aculeata Byers, 2001 Panorpa acuminata Byers, 1993 Panorpa acuta Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa akasakai Issiki, 1929 Panorpa alata Zhou & Zhou, 2005 Panorpa alpina Rambur, 1842 Panorpa amamiensis Miyamoto & Makihara, 1984 Panorpa americana Swederus, 1787 Panorpa amurensis MacLachlan, 1872 Panorpa anfracta Ju & Zhou, 2003 Panorpa angustistriata Issiki, 1929 Panorpa annexa MacLachlan, 1869 Panorpa anomala Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa anrenensis Chou & Wang, 1987 Panorpa antiporum Nagler, 1968 Panorpa apiconebulosa Issiki, 1929 Panorpa apiculata Byers, 2000 Panorpa appalachia Byers, 2002 Panorpa approximata Esben-Petersen, 1915 Panorpa arcuata Panorpa aspoecki Willmann, 1973 Panorpa attenuata Byers, 1996 Panorpa aurea Cheng, 1957 Panorpa azteca Byers, 1958 Panorpa babai Miyamoto, 1979Panorpa banksi Hine, 1901 Panorpa banksiana Penny & Byers, 1979 Panorpa baohwashana Cheng, 1957 Panorpa bashanicola Hua, Tao & Hua, 2018 Panorpa bichai Byers, 1993 Panorpa biclada Zhang & Hua, 2012 Panorpa bicornuta MacLachlan, 1887 Panorpa bifasciata Chou & Wang, 1981 Panorpa bifida Carpenter, 1935 Panorpa bimacula Byers, 1996 Panorpa bistriata Issiki, 1929 Panorpa braueri Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa brevititilana Issiki, 1929 Panorpa bunun Issiki, 1929 Panorpa capillata Byers, 1996 Panorpa carolinensis Banks, 1905 Panorpa carpenteri Cheng, 1957 Panorpa caucasica MacLachlan, 1869 Panorpa changbaishana Hua, 2008 Panorpa chengi Chou, 1981 Panorpa cheni Cheng, 1957 Panorpa chiensis Cheng, 1953 Panorpa choctaw Byers, 1993 Panorpa choui Zhou & Wu, 1993 Panorpa cladocerca Navás, 1935 Panorpa claripennis Hine, 1901 Panorpa clavigera Klapálek, 1902 Panorpa cognata Rambur, 1842
[Image:Panorpa communis VI.jpg|thumb|right|200px|]Panorpa communis Linnaeus, 1758 Panorpa concolor Esben-Petersen, 1915 Panorpa confinis Byers, 1993 Panorpa connexa MacLachlan, 1869 Panorpa consuetudinis Snodgrass, 1927 Panorpa contorta Byers, 1996 Panorpa conversa Byers, 2001 Panorpa coomani Cheng, 1957 Panorpa coreana Okamoto, 1925 Panorpa cryptica Bicha, 2015 Panorpa curva Carpenter, 1938 Panorpa curvata Zhou, 2006 Panorpa dashahensis Zhou & Zhou, 2005 Panorpa davidi Navás, 1908 Panorpa debilis Westwood, 1846 Panorpa deceptor Esben-Petersen, 1913 Panorpa decolorata Chou & Wang, 1981 Panorpa dichotoma Miyamoto, 1977 Panorpa difficilis Carpenter, 1938 Panorpa dissimilis Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa dicidilacinia Bicha, 2016 Panorpa dubitans Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa emeishana Hua, Sun & Li, 2001 Panorpa ensigera Bicha, 1983 Panorpa esakii Issiki, 1929 Panorpa falsa Issiki & Cheng, 1947 Panorpa ferruginea Byers, 1993 Panorpa filina Chou & Wang, 1987 Panorpa flavicorporis Cheng, 1957 Panorpa flavipennis Carpenter, 1938 Panorpa flexa Carpenter, 1935 Panorpa floridana Byers, 1993 Panorpa fructa Cheng, 1949 Panorpa fukiensis Tjeder, 1951 Panorpa fulvastra Chou, 1981 Panorpa furcata Zhou & Zhou, 2007 Panorpa fusca Byers, 2001 Panorpa galerita Byers, 1962 Panorpa germanica Linnaeus, 1758 Panorpa gladiata Byers, 2000 Panorpa globulifera Miyamoto, 1994 Panorpa gracilis Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa grahamana Cheng, 1957 Panorpa gressitti Byers, 1970 Panorpa guidongensis Chou & Li, 1987 Panorpa guttata Navás, 1908 Panorpa hageniana Willmann, 1975 Panorpa hakusanensis Miyake, 1913 Panorpa hamata Issiki & Cheng, 1947 Panorpa helena Byers, 1962 Panorpa hispida Byers, 1993 Panorpa hiurai Miyamoto, 1985 Panorpa horiensis Issiki, 1929 Panorpa horni Navás, 1928 Panorpa hungerfordi Byers, 1973 Panorpa hybrida MacLachlan, 1882 Panorpa immaculata Esben-Petersen, 1915 Panorpa implicata Cheng, 1957 Panorpa indivisa Martynova, 1957 Panorpa insigna Bicha, 2006 Panorpa insolens Carpenter, 1935 Panorpa insularis Hua & Chou, 1998 Panorpa involuta Byers, 1996 Panorpa ishiharai Miyamoto, 1994 Panorpa isolata Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa issikiana Byers, 1970 Panorpa issikii Penny & Byers, 1979 Panorpa japonica Thunberg, 1784 Panorpa jilinensis Zhou, 2000 Panorpa jinchuana Hua, Sun & Li, 1994 Panorpa kagamontana Miyamoto, 1979 Panorpa kellogi Cheng, 1957 Panorpa kiautai Zhou & WU, 1993 Panorpa kiusiuensis Issiki, 1929 Panorpa klapperichi Tjeder, 1951 Panorpa kongosana Okamoto, 1925 Panorpa kunmingensis Fu & Hua, 2009 Panorpa lacedaemonia Lauterbach, 1972 Panorpa lachlani Navás, 1930 Panorpa latipennis Hine, 1901 Panorpa leucoptera Uhler, 1858 Panorpa lewisi MacLachlan, 1887 Panorpa liaoi Zhou & Zhou, 2007 Panorpa lintienshana Cheng, 1952 Panorpa liui Hua, 1997 Panorpa longicornis Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa longiramina Issiki & Cheng, 1947 Panorpa longititilana Issiki, 1929 Panorpa lugubris Swederus, 1787 Panorpa lutea Carpenter, 1945 Panorpa luteola Byers, 2001 Panorpa macrostyla Hua, 1998 Panorpa maculosa Hagen, 1861 Panorpa malaisei Byers, 1999 Panorpa mangshanensis Chou & Wang, 1987 Panorpa meridionalis Rambur, 1842 Panorpa mexicana Banks, 1913 Panorpa michoacana Byers, 2011 Panorpa mirabilis Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa mixteca Bicha, 2006 Panorpa miyakeiella Miyamoto, 1985 Panorpa mokansana Cheng, 1957 Panorpa mucronata Byers, 1996 Panorpa multifasciaria Miyake, 1910 Panorpa nebulosa Westwood, 1846 Panorpa neglecta Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa neospinosa Chou & Wang, 1981 Panorpa nigrirostris MacLachlan, 1882 Panorpa nipponensis Navás, 1908 Panorpa nokoensis Issiki, 1929 Panorpa nudiramus Byers, 2002 Panorpa nuptialis Gerstaecker, 1863 Panorpa obliqua Carpenter, 1945 Panorpa obliquifascia Chou & Wang, 1987 Panorpa ochraceocauda Issiki, 1927 Panorpa ochraceopennis Miyake, 1910 Panorpa oconee Byers, 1993 Panorpa okamotona Issiki, 1927 Panorpa okinawaensis Nakamura, 2009 Panorpa orientalis MacLachlan, 1887 Panorpa pachymera Byers, 1993 Panorpa pallidimaculata Issiki, 1929 Panorpa palustris Byers, 1958 Panorpa parallela Wang & Hua, 2016 Panorpa pectinata Issiki, 1929 Panorpa penicillata Byers, 1962 Panorpa pennyi Byers, 2013 Panorpa peterseana Issiki, 1927 Panorpa picta Hagen, 1863 Panorpa pieli Cheng, 1957 Panorpa pieperi Willmann, 1975 Panorpa pingjiangensis Chou & Wang, 1987 Panorpa planicola Byers, 1993 Panorpa plitvicensis Lauterbach, 1972 Panorpa pryeri McLachlan, 1875 Panorpa pseudoalpina Nagler, 1970 Panorpa punctata Klug, 1838 Panorpa pura Klapálek, 1906 Panorpa pusilla Cheng, 1949 Panorpa qiana Zhou & Zhou, 2010 Panorpa qinlingensis Chou & Ran, 1981 Panorpa quadrifasciata Chou & Wang, 1987 Panorpa ramosa Byers, 1996 Panorpa rantaisanensis Issiki, 1929 Panorpa reclusa Byers, 1996 Panorpa reflexa Wang & Hua, 2016 Panorpa robusta Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa rufa Gray, 1832 Panorpa rufescens Rambur, 1842 Panorpa rufostigma Westwood, 1846 Panorpa rupeculana Byers, 1993 Panorpa schweigeri Willmann, 1975 Panorpa scopulifera Byers, 1993 Panorpa semifasciata Cheng, 1949 Panorpa sentosa Byers, 1997 Panorpa serta Byers, 1996 Panorpa setifera Webb, 1974 Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949 Panorpa sextaenia Zhou & Bao, 2002 Panorpa shanyangensis Chou & Wang, 1981 Panorpa shibatai Issiki, 1929 Panorpa sibirica Esben-Petersen, 1915 Panorpa sigmoides Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa similis Esben-Petersen, 1915 Panorpa sonani Issiki, 1929 Panorpa songes Zhou & Zhou, 2005 Panorpa speciosa Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa stigmalis Navás, 1908 Panorpa stigmosa Zhou, 2006 Panorpa striata Miyake, 1908 Panorpa subambra Chou & Tong, 1987 Panorpa subaurea Chou & Li, 1987 Panorpa subfurcata Westwood, 1842 Panorpa submaculosa Carpenter, 1931 Panorpa subulifera Byers, 1962 Panorpa susteri Nagler, 1970 Panorpa taiheisanensis Issiki, 1929 Panorpa taiwanensis Issiki, 1929 Panorpa takenouchii Miyake, 1908 Panorpa tatvana Willmann, 1974 Panorpa tecta Byers, 2002 Panorpa terminata Klug, 1838 Panorpa tetrazonia Navás, 1935 Panorpa tetrazonia Navás, 1935 Panorpa teziutlana Byers, 2011 Panorpa thompsoni Cheng, 1957 Panorpa thrakica Willmann, 1976 Panorpa titschacki Esben-Petersen, 1934 Panorpa tokunoshimaensis Nakamura, 2009 Panorpa tribulosa Byers, 2000 Panorpa trifasciata Cheng, 1957 Panorpa tritaenia Chou & Li, 1987 Panorpa trizonata Miyake, 1908 Panorpa truncata Byers, 1997 Panorpa tsunekatanis Issiki, 1929 Panorpa tsushimaensis Miyamoto, 1979 Panorpa turcica Willmann, 1975 Panorpa typicoides Cheng, 1949 Panorpa ultima Byers, 2013 Panorpa umbricola Bicha, 2006 Panorpa venosa Westwood, 1846 Panorpa vernalis Byers, 1973 Panorpa virginica Banks, 1906 Panorpa vulgaris Imhoff & Labram, 1845 Panorpa waongkehzengi Navás, 1935 Panorpa wormaldi MacLachlan, 1875 Panorpa wrightae Cheng, 1957 Panorpa yangi Chou, 1981 Panorpa yiei Issiki & Cheng, 1947 Panorpa youngi Byers, 1994